Kusiyanisa uye kusangana sciences. The kusangana hwemazuva sayenzi: tsanangudzo, maitiro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Over nguva, sainzi zvirokwazvo kuwana munhu Qualitative chinja. Kunowedzera Vhoriyamu matavi uye zvakaoma. Actual nyaya yake aimiririra zvakarurama runobva uye fractional. Zvisinei, munyika dzinoverengeka zvakawanwa, hypotheses, pfungwa, pane kuti, muenzaniso inotungamirwa uye kuchinja dzidziso - zivo pfungwa pakukura.

Chakakoshera mubvunzo

Kuratidza pfungwa akaratidza kukura nesayenzi pakunzwisisa mitemo mberi zivo mauto achivasundira dzavo nhoroondo nechirevo. Pari, dambudziko iri riri pedyo nemamwe maonero pane zvakanga rokupedzisira remakore. Zvakanga yakapfuura vakafunga kuti zvesayenzi pane kuramba increment zivo, kuunganidza zvinhu zvitsva, kufambira rakanyatsorurama dzidziso. Zvose izvi pakupedzisira akasika munhu tinofanira kugara kubatsira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kudzidza zvakavapo. Nhasi, ari pfungwa paumbwe nesayenzi chinopiwa nenzira yakasiyana. Yemamiriro pfungwa iri kuti zvinoita kwete chete kuburikidza chichiitwa kuunganidza pfungwa uye chokwadi, asi nokuda chinokosha yokungotaura inochinja. Pamusana kwavari, pane imwe nguva, masayendisiti ari kutanga reshape zvavaisiita mufananidzo wenyika uye kuvakazve mabasa ayo pachishandiswa worldviews vangasimudzira zvakasiyana. Panzvimbo pfungwa kunonoka shanduka muitiro akauya njodzi uye nokumukirana yesayenzi.

Kusiyanisa sayenzi

Fani iyi inosanganisira kuparadzana rakabatana ezvinhu ayo nomumwe zvikamu. In zvesayenzi munda sezvo nezvarinomiririra cognition. Kana vachigoverana kuva zvinhu ndiyo chidzoke nzvimbo itsva, kumatunhu, kutsvakurudza zvivako uye indasitiri. Kusiyanisa akwanise Science anotendeuka kuva yakaoma, mapazi maitiro panhamba imwe muzvizhinji nyaya.

prerequisites

Nhasi mune zvesayenzi, hapana asingasviki 15 000 akasiyana anoranga. Kuomesa ruzivo mamiriro kunokonzerwa zvinoverengeka. Pakutanga hwaro nesayenzi yemazuva akateya Analytical ainoita zvechokwadi mananara. Nemamwe mashoko, sezvo inokosha weboka zviito kugamuchira zvinhu primitives. Izvi methodological kusvika kutungamirirwa vatsvakurudzi kuti vanochera kuburikidza chaichoicho. Chechipiri, mumakore okupedzisira matatu emakore, rave rinooneka zvakawedzera uwandu zvinhu kuti vava iripo yokudzidza. Kuvapo shasha, vaigona kufukidza kusiyana ruzivo, ava muviri hazviiti - vanhu vanogona kudzidza chete chiduku chakapatsanurwa chii rinowanzoshandiswa dzinozivikanwa nevanhu. Inotungamirwa munhu nyaya rakauya nokumuprofita delimiting tsvakurudzo pasi mumwe nomumwe wavo kubva nevamwe zvinhu asara mirayiridzo. Sezvo tsvimbo panguva ndivo mitemo chinangwa chaicho.

zvinobudirira

Specialty maindasitiri harinzvengeki uye anobatsira. Kusiyanisa kunoita zvakawanda chaizvo kuongorora zvimwe chokwadi. It hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru basa masayendisiti, kwete chokuita nemamiriro yose vezvesayenzi. Specialization iri nhasi. Somuenzaniso, genetics anoonekwa kurangwa mudiki. Zvichakadai, nhasi, pane vazhinji awo - the shanduka, samolecular, vanogara. Notes sayenzi "Kupwanya" mukuru. Saka, muna quantum kemisitiri yakabuda mirayiridzo, nemwaranzi uye zvichingodaro.

zvinhu zvisingafadzi

Pasinei pachena zvazvakanakira, Kusiyanisa anotakura ngozi kudzikisirana ari mufananidzo wenyika. Kupwanya yakabatanidzwa kupinda vakaparadzana zvinhu - munhu wechisikigo mugumisiro zvibereko uye kuomesa kwakaita ndichibvunza ruzivo. Izvi vanotozvikuvadza kunotungamirira specialization, weboka basa nesayenzi. Izvi zvakanaka uye kunaka mativi ose. By kudzidza ichi chinhu dambudziko, Einstein akataura kuti basa masayendisiti nomumwe vanotozvikuvadza anouya shoma nzvimbo vakawanda ruzivo. Specialization kungaita kuti chokwadi kuti kunzwisisa zvinowanzovapo ruzivo haagoni kufambirana kukura hurongwa. Somugumisiro, pane mukana kuderedza mikana yokuti musayendisiti, pokuzvidza kuti ufanane Artisan.

dambudziko

Mutual kugovana anoranga kwesayenzi, isolationist Kusiyanisa kwainzi huru Kuwanzoda remakore rechi19. Mugumisiro Fani iyi kuti pasinei runoshamisa mberi mukufamba mberi specialization, kwave kune pfuma mismatch mirayiridzo. Izvi zvakaita kuti dambudziko iri kubatana nesayenzi. Zvisinei zimbabwe sayenzi zvishoma nezvishoma unoratidza pfungwa inokosha kubatana zvakasikwa uye, naizvozvo, nyaya anoratidza navo. Saka akatanga kuonekwa pedyo mirayiridzo (nemakemikari omuviri, panyama kemisitiri, etc.). Miganhu kuti aivapo pakati Mukati nzvimbo, kuwedzera kuva ndokunge. Panyaya iyi, chikuru kurangwa ari rakapinda saka kupinda mumwe, kuti pane dambudziko paumbwe nevakawanda hurongwa ruzivo nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa.

Pfungwa kusangana sayenzi

It kunoitika panguva imwe chete kupatsanurwa okunze ane Integrated hurongwa. – это явление, обратное дроблению. Kusangana of Sciences - kutanga rwakatarisana unorema. Izwi iri rinobva muchiLatin rakashandurwa se "replenishment", "kupora". Pfungwa chinoshandiswa kazhinji kureva zvinhu tichibatanidza kupinda chimwe. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti akunde kuparara nezvezvakazokonzera kuti kusabatana ezvinhu, kunyanya kukura rusununguko yenhengo dzayo. Izvi zvinofanira kubatsira kuvandudza ukuru kurongeka uye sangano marongerwo. взаимное проникновение, синтез, объединение дисциплин, их методов в одно целое, устранение границ между ними. Kusangana sayenzi - iri yakawiriranwa kupinda, Fusion, kubatana kwakaita anoranga uye nzira vavo chete, kubvisa miganhu pakati pavo. Kushingaira kunyanya ichi kunoratidzwa muna chipo. The kusangana sayenzi yemazuva inoratidzwa ari kubuda nzvimbo dzakadai Synergetics, cybernetics uye zvichingodaro. Pamwe ichi ndicho paumbwe zvakasiyana mifananidzo munyika.

Key misimboti

базируется на философской модели единства мира. Kusangana sayenzi kwakavakirwa muenzaniso ouzivi kubatana kwenyika. The chokwadi kunoitika zvose. Saka, inofanira kuratidza kubatana Kufungisisa. Systemic-RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA hunhu kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzera vanhuwo ruzivo sayenzi yepanyama. Zvakasikwa, hapana mhedziso panoparadzana mutsetse. Mariri, mune chete siyana misha panyaya nyaya nokuzvidzora hunhu. Ivo zvakaitika mumwe, vanoumba hochekoche vamapoka mukuru pakukura uye sangano. Nokudaro, kuranga umo vari vakadzidza, angava hama, pane Mhedziso kuzvionera munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana.

Huru mirayiridzo

, проявляется: Kuzvidzora, panowanikwa iyo chinokonzera kusangana sayenzi, hworatidza pacharo:

1. The sangano kutsvakurudza pamuganhu munzvimbo. Somugumisiro pamuganhu chiito chirango. Muchiitiko ichi kune kusangana sayenzi, kusiyaniswa kunzwisisa maumbirwo.
2. Kukura interdisciplinary nzira. Vanogona kushandiswa muminda siyana zivo, izvo chiri kusangana sciences. : спектральный анализ, компьютерный эксперимент, хроматография. Mienzaniso: The spectral pachisara kombiyuta yetsvakurudzo, chromatography. Inosimudzira kushamwaridzana uye dzekuno kupinda anoranga inopa kwemasvomhu nzira.
3. Achitarisa kunobatanidza misimboti nedzidziso. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza kusingaperi-siyana zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso, akadaro shanduka dzidziso vaiona yose kwetunhu mu zvipenyu, kemisitiri, wefizikisi, uye zvichingodaro.
4. Development pfungwa, kuita mukuru methodological dambudziko iri sayenzi chaiwo. , стоящих достаточно далеко друг от друга (синергетика, кибернетика). Somugumisiro ari kusangana sayenzi pacho, vamire kure zvakakwana kure mumwe (Synergetics, cybernetics).
5. Kuchinja pfungwa yakananga kusarudzwa nyaya. A itsva mhando dambudziko nzvimbo. Vakagara ainyanya nyaya dzakaoma kuti zvinoda kunobatanidza anoranga anoverengeka.

interconnection kuti zviitiko

протекают в одно время. Sezvakataurwa kumusoro, Kusiyanisa uye kusangana sayenzi kuitika panguva imwe nguva. Zvisinei, pane imwe nguva kana mumwe kurondwa predominance mumwe pamusoro dzimwe mananara. обуславливается различными факторами. Nhasi, Kusiyanisa uye kusangana sciences kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. With kuwanda ezvinhu vanobatanidza indasitiri unyanzvi inobva dambudziko. . Munzira dzakawanda, izvi zvinoita kuti kusangana nesayenzi uye dzidzo. Zvichakadai, zvino dambudziko yekuwana zvikuru yakarongwa uye sangano. Kusabatana anoranga nhasi haiiti kuti kusabatana, asi kumakwai interpenetration pakati mirayiridzo. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti somugumisiro kuparadzana mune nyasha kusangana sayenzi. Production nhasi kunonyanya novimba nokubudirira uye Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti, avo yokutsvakurudza uye akagamuchira zviratidzo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakakosha kuti vagadze kubatana pakati hunobatsira uye yokungotaura mabasa.

mhedziso

Kusangana of Sciences - the mashandiro pakukura zivo, semubairo iyo zvayo zvakasiyana zvinhu ikashandiswa imwe. Nemamwe mashoko, pane kuchinja kubva "aizoisa" kuti "kubatana". Fani iyi anoshumira mumwe mitemo kukosha kukura ruzivo, paumbwe kuvimbika kwayo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwete chero interdisciplinary kudzidza matambudziko akaoma anogona sechinoitika integrative nzvimbo pamwe. Musimboti wacho Chiitiko iri chisimbiso mashoko, achisimbisa hurongwa, vanokwanisa uye kunzwisisa ruzivo. dambudziko nesayenzi kusangana kunobatanidza zvakawanda. Kuoma Its anoita zvakakodzera kushandisa yemhando pachishandiswa methodological kuongorora.