Lavra muna Sergiev Posad. The Kudeuka Orthodox munhurume yemamongi stauropegic

Lavra Sergiyev Posad anonzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Orthodox nzvimbo tsvene muRussia. kunamata kwake uye akadana moyo Orthodox nyika, sezvo munhoroondo yacho, yemamongi ichi vakaratidza indomitable kushinga uye kutenda. To musi, pane chikuru Orthodox wemamongi.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa Lavra

The chidzoke Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra, anoenda kure shure munguva, dzinoti muna 1337, apo pedyo neguta Radonezh nomunun'una, Bhatoromeo Stephen akavaka sero uye chechi diki. The yokupedzisira yakanga yatsaurirwa muzita Mutsvene Trinity.

Papera kanguva, Stefan vakasarudza kutamira wemamonk of Epiphany, uye Bartholomew akaramba. Last akatora yemamongi mhiko uye rainzi nezita rwacho Segiyo (dzakwidzwa aizivikanwa Radonezh). The munamati rakanga oga kwemakore maviri, ipapo pedyo muchitokisi chake akatanga kugadzirisa vaya vaida kuwana mirayiridzo. In zvachose mune gumi masero, izvo pashure nguva akanga akapoteredzwa noruzhowa, uye akaisa masuo.

Papera chinguva, iye akagadzwa abbot Mitrofan, uyo akagara muhofisi kusvikira 1344. Pashure pambiru akaenda St. Segiyo pamusoro Radonezh. Iye shanje akarindira kuchengetwa kuitira basa, kunyange zvazvo pakanga pasina mupristi zvachose. Saka ndakatanga kuumba remangwana Lavra muna Sergiev Posad.

Imwe chechi guru yemapuranga mari Archimandrite Simon yakavakwa mumakore upenyu rwacho Segiyo. Also pakugadzira masero hama.

Nechisimba Horde munyika Russian panyika uye kwenguva itsva muupenyu Laura

An chinokosha chinokosha munhoroondo Russia akava wechiTatar-Mongol joko. Yaiva nguva yakaoma wose. Muna 1380, Abbot Segiyo, akumbirwa Prince Dmitry, vachirangarira kwaari, akamira munamato yose nguva, apo paiva nokurwa. Pamusana chipo chake clairvoyance, akaona zvose zvakanga zvichiitika muhondo.

Muna 1392, remangwana Lavra Sergiyev Posad St. Segiyo vakarasika. Akapinda imwe nyika. Akanga Anotsiviwa Nikon. Makore gumi namashanu pashure kugadzwa wemamongi chakatsva pasi nechisimba mapoka. Yaifanira raizovakwazve.

Muna 1422 zvakaitika chimwe chishamiso kuti kubvumira rakazaruka zvisaririra St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuvakwa itsva, nemhaka iyo yakavakwa Trinity Cathedral. Chakava temberi kuwanikwa zvisaririra womusande.

The Church yakavakwa kubva namabwe. Nokuti kupenda ake akakokwa yakakurumbira kuvake rokupenda Andrei Rublev. Chokwadi, kupendwa zvayo yepakutanga fomu nanhasi haina akachengetedzwa kubva kare yoku- kakawanda, uye vamwe nezvimedu vakanga kazhinji akaita zvakare.

Liberation Miracle kushandisa Sergiya Radonezhskogo afa

Ndinoda kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro kuti nguva muupenyu wemamongi, apo iye aisa Poles uye Lithuanians. Zvakatangira muna 1608 uye kusvikira 1610. Vakagara kunokurumidziswa hondo huru, asi nevanozvitsigira vaiva nguva zvishoma. Panguva ino yose Lavra muna Sergiev Posad achinyengetera. Nemhaka kurevererwa aiva musande aive Sergiya Radonezhskogo wemamongi vakapona.

Panguva ino, vakawanda zvishamiso zvakaitika, uye pasinei zvakanakira kwavavengi, hama hadzina kurega uye vatende. mavhiki matanhatu yemamongi masvingo vanogumurwa kubva pfuti, asi kurwisa kwakanga kwakundikana. Zvadaro, muna kosi akaenda saps muvengi, uyo akabatsira kupaza mupomerwi.

Kuchengetedzwa wemamongi - ndiwo nhasi chokukomborerwa romurume. Panguva Feat iri rakafuridzirwa vanhu vakawanda usarega uye vanoramba kurwisa nechisimba.

Yemamongi paitonga Petro Laura vanogamuchira rokuremekedza

Trinity-Segiyo Lavra munguva yakafanira kanoverengeka akashanda utiziro royals. DzoUmambo - chaizvo pamusana kakawanda anokosha makamuri dzakavakwa. Chivako ichi kwave akaronga kunyanya kushanya kwakadaro.

Wemamongi akanga achihwanda kupanduka Peter I muna 1682. Makore manomwe gare gare, akanga zvakare ipapo, asi kutiza nokumukira. Zvakanga pano vakauya kuzobatsira mambo yemberi, "chivaraidzo" ake echiShinto, izvo akamutendera kutsungirira revapanduki. Kubva yemamongi ichi, uye anotanga itsva nyaya Peter I.

Muna 1742 kumonasitiri akavhura wekishopu, uye makore maviri gare gare wemamongi akagamuchira mamiriro Lavra. Kubva 1747 unotanga pakuvaka Chechi Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari. Akazosvika kusvikira 1767. Style chechi - Baroque, ine woita chimiro, uyewo vakawanda balconies pamwe balustrades.

Inotungamirwa Sergiev Posad

The guta pacharo kutanga nokuisa kunyange 1610, apo wemamongi raiva boka revarwi rechiuto. Panguva iyoyo takatanga kuonekwa kumativi vokutanga nemisha. Earth wemamongi kukuru makomborero, izvo zvakaita kuti pave rwokugadzira uye wezvokutengeserana kubudirira. Somugumisiro, mumusha macho akakura, uyewo nokuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu, izvo zvakazoita kuti paumbwe guta Sergiev Posad mune ramangwana. Trinity-Segiyo Lavra nokushingaira pave ichi uye dzimba dzaro.

Kuwana musoro wemamongi Lavra, uye kubuda zvikoro dzechitendero, nokumutsa kuti chinokosha munzanga. Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore kumativi wemamongi aiva vazhinji dzine vakawanda yawo. Muna 1782, vakagamuchira zita Sergiev Posad. Zvinonzi zvakazara kushanda zvinodiwa wemamongi - basa anosvika vakawanda Mapilgrim, kutengeserana, vakabva Kugamuchira, etc. Zvose raiwanzobatana zvinodiwa wemamongi .. Tinogona kutaura kuti guta Sergiev Posad, Moscow nharaunda - zvakanga kuenderera guru wemamongi.

Lavra mukutonga neSoviet

Munguva paumbwe simba Soviet Laurus hwachinja. It wakabatwa dzakawanda yesangano pakati wemamongi. Muna 1918 wemamongi yakanga nationalized, uye gore papera kwakapedziswa chiito okumhura - kuzarurwa zvisaririra Sergiya Radonezhskogo. chiitiko ichi chakaitwa nokuunganidza yemamongi Sergiev Posad, Moscow nharaunda dzakawanda vanhu. Vakuru vatsva akaita tobvuma kuti vatendi - haana kuparadza simba, asi chete akazarurwa.

Muna November 1919 ose mamongi ose wemamongi vari vakadzingwa uye akatumwa Hermitage reGetsemane, uye muna May 1920 rwakanamirwa chose uye yakavharwa.

Zvichitevera zviitiko izvi, wemamongi akanga yakawanda nemasangano: Museum, uye tsvimbo uye kupfura siyana, uye kunyange Pedagogical Institute. Zvimwe zvivako vapfuwi ne varimi.

Tevera makore vakamira panze zvakaoma. Church Filaret rakaparadzwa, apo vari makuva nevamwe vatsvene. Ekupedzisira vakanga dzichapambwa, uye simba akakandwa mugomba marara.

Resumption kunamata kwakaitika muna 1946 panguva Easter. Vakadzoka zvimwe zvisaririra zvevasande uye zvakare akazarura pachikoro uye chikoro. Rakanga mumwe mashoma vanoshingaira dzemamongi munguva iyoyo yakaoma Orthodoxy.

A enguva itsva pashure pokuwa USSR

Chokwadi, pashure vokuSoviet akabva yezvematongetwo, yeOrthodox kugona kuvanza kutenda kwavo. Kunze vakatangazve 1948, basa Academy uye Seminary, pari pane zvikoro zviviri - iconographic uye Hyatt. Uyewo, panewo miziyamu.

Vakatanga kuti ndiponesezve yashatiswa dzemamongi wemamonk, pashure iyo vakaita yakatarwa basa. Vavakezve hotera, iyo yava wose Amenities.

Zvino wemamongi iri anenge mazana matatu mamongi, vane mabasa akasiyana. Izvi, somuenzaniso, rokubudisa uye mumishinari basa, ivo okarmlivayut vasungwa, uyewo kutora kureurura vafambi.

Zvishamiso zvakaitika pano

Holy Trinity Monastery (Sergiev Posad) chinobata zvose zvishamiso akatora nzvimbo ikoko kwaMwari. kakawanda The vaichengetedza pakati wemamongi Sergiy Radonezhsky akanyevera lihe. Kokutanga zvakaitika muna 1408. Akauya muchiroto kuna mutsivi wake, Nikon, uye akanyevera nezvengozi. Hama dzose vakaenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka, uye zvakadaro nenzira yakakodzera, sezvo wemamongi chakatsva pasi.

Chimwe chiratidzo chakadaro chakaitika muna 1611. Aiva katatu Kuzma Minin nokuudza kuunganidza uto uende asunungure Moscow.

Architecture uye Kuvakwa wemamongi

To musi, kuvakwa wemamongi, iyo yakavakwa muna XV-XIX emakore vamwe kubatsira Russian mavakirwo iyoyo. Somuenzaniso, ari Pyatnitskaya Tower, yakabuda ra1640. Zviri ndeimwe simba, uye ane makumi manomwe pokunzvenga napo.

Pinda muna Laura kunobvira nepagedhi Mutsvene, iyo inowanikwa iri Gate Red shongwe, ane makumi mashanu nemasere pokunzvenga napo. Sami masuo embellished Pamifananidzo siyana kuti taurira pamusoro poupenyu St. Segiyo pamusoro Radonezh.

Uyewo dzinonakidza mapurani sezvamunoita ndiyo Chechi Wokuzvarwa St. Ioanna Predtechi. Zvinonzi yakashongedzwa sezvinoita Moscow Baroque uye ndiyo yakanaka kupinda Clearance kuna Lavra.

Muna 1422 zvakanzi yakavakwa Trinity Cathedral vachikudza St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Zvechokwadi Iri inonakidza chivako iyo transmits zvimwe mapurani iyoyo.

Dzinoyera dziri Laurel

Holy Trinity Laurus (Sergiyev Posad) rinochengeta yakawanda dzinoyera, izvo zvinokosha vechokwadi. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo:

• zvinoera vatsvene Sergiya Radonezhskogo (riri Utatu Lavra Church, anenge dzose nguva kubva vakanga kuwana pa wemamongi);
• zvinoera Antoniya Radonezhskogo (inochengetwa Dukhovskoi Lavra Church);
• zvinoera Maksima Greka (mudura Refectory Church of wemamonk, dzakaratidzwa pachena achangobva, muna 1996);
• Tikhvin Icon of Amai vaMwari (wakachengetwa Utatu Lavra Church);
• Chernigov Icon of Amai vaMwari (Ibid);
• Icon of St. Nicholas, iyo kwazvo anokudzwa (wakachengetwa mukereke St. Segiyo).

Batsirai varwere Laura

In tsika Laura mushonga zvirwere kuti mushonga anodana chepfungwa. In Orthodoxy - ichi kukuvara noupengo. Naizvozvo, vazhinji unokuvadza kuuya zvokunamata pano, apo guta Sergiev Posad, Lavra. Otchitka zvinoitwa minyengetero, zvinova chaizvo nhaka ichi kubva muzana remakore rechina. Uyewo rikauya okuzodza matsvene, ipapo kusaswa mvura tsvene uye richivafukidza muchinjikwa.

Chokwadi, varwere pachavo panguva imwecheteyo regai kuita chaizvo zvakakwana. Vaitambudzwa nemadhimoni siyana womunhu muviri kunoita mamwe wokumwe nemasaini. Varwere uyewo emit mitinhimira siyana, utsinye inzwi, uye croak, achichema, achiseka. Vamwe varwere vakauya kubva dzimwe nzvimbo ukama.

Mumwe akasimba vadzingi vemweya yakaipa iri Sergiev Posad (Laurus) - Father Herman (negariki). Muruvoko kurapa kwakadaro. Zviya, ichi hachisi aitamba, uye zviri nani kana asipo. Chiitiko ichi ndiyo ngozi nokuti ruzivo uye simba munhu pachake kunhonga zvimwe dhimoni. Ipapo otchitka vanoda naye, zvakare.

Apo Mutsvene Trinity St. Segiyo Lavra iri?

Zvino ngationei kuti vasvike kuguta Sergiev Posad (Laurus). Address haina kuoma. Riri munzvimbo Moscow mudunhu. Ikoko unogona kutyaira kubva Yaroslavl yemapurisa iri Suburban zvitima, vanotevera zvakananga achida yemapurisa. Inotorwa kutyaira nguva - hafu yeawa. Zvadaro, isati wemamongi pachiteshi unogona kufamba kana mumwe rurege mubhazi.

Kuwedzera Republic nezvitima kuna Sergiev Posad inotevera bhazi. Vanowedzera Enea kakawanda. bhazi rokutanga kunosiya pa hafu apfuura nhanhatu mangwanani uye vokupedzisira - maviri kusvika gumi usiku. From Sergiev Posad ndiro bhazi wokutanga zvishanu o'clock mumaminitsi gumi mangwanani uye vokupedzisira - nenguva dzepfumbamwe manheru.

Nokuti yamunenge kufamba nemotokari kuguta Sergiev Posad (Laurus), mepu yacho uchava mubatsiri. Kutenga pamberi rwendo, uye iwe unogona kusvika nyore.