Leishmaniasis chirwere: zviratidzo, kurapwa, mapikicha

Munguva subtropics uye dzinopisa kujairika kuwana leishmaniasis chirwere. The chirwere iri chakasvitswa vanhu kuburikidza umhutu ikaruma. The causative mutumwa chirwere - majemusi of genus Leishmania. zvokurwara ichi rinonyoreswa munyika 88, izvo 72 vari kusimukira.

tsananguro pfupi

Rarama uye kukudziridza pamusoro Leishmania muvanhu kana mhuka zvakasiyana. Kazhinji vachiwanikwa munyika makava, makava, imbwa, vamwe nemakonzo. Kusvikira nhasi hakuna ruzivo pamusoro nguva infectiousness mhuka uye vanhu. It anozivikanwa chete chete. Kana ganda kana muropa vane chisvetasimba, hondo ndiye anokonzera chirwere.

nyaya Very ngozi muna Leishmania muviri. Yavanogara chirwatata uye chiropa. Dzimwe nguva tupukanana vagara mumwongo. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chirwere chakadai - kwete chete denda kwevanhu. Kazhinji akawana leishmaniasis mu imbwa, dzinovaraidza nemakonzo.

nhoroondo mashoko

Leishmaniasis kwakawanikwa P. F. Borovskim muna 1898. Kuwana tupukanana mu smears pendinskoy urikanwi, chiremba wokutanga inovarondedzera. Ndokusaka chirwere anonziwo leishmaniasis "leishmaniasis". Pave paya, nayo utachiona ichapiwa munhu zvikuru akasikwa Leishmania genus. A zvokurwara gwara hwakagadzwa chete muna 1921.

Parizvino, leishmaniasis chirwere - isingawanzowanikwi chirwere, izvo zvinogona chete kubata munyika dzinopisa, subtropics.

Chii chinonzi chisvetasimba?

More zvakafanana chirwere cutaneous leishmaniasis. The causative mutumwa chirwere - Leishmania. funga chisvetasimba hazvibviri pamwe chinoabatsira. miganhu yacho vari microscopically diki. Leishmania kureba - vanenge 3 microns. The chisvetasimba ane idenderedzwa kana denderedzwa chimiro, iri mukati paro. Nechemberi unotora munhu Leishmania flagellum chinhu rwemberi blefaroplast.

Chisvetasimba anodya zviri masero mhuka, munhu. Zviwande kubudikidza nyore kupesana. In nechemberi hapana flagellum. Saka anotanga muitiro wokuberekana, chinoguma kusvibiswa mumuviri.

pathway

The chirwere iri nyore akapfuura. The zano riri nyore. Nezvipembenene kuruma ane utachiona munhu kana mhuka tupukanana vanotakura vari nhengo utano. Pashure nguva murwere nechirwere chirwere leishmaniasis.

Utachiona dzakawanda dhazeni marudzi. About maviri wavo vangangokukuvadza upenyu hwevanhu. Kakawanda, vanovakonzera cutaneous leishmaniasis. It zvinoomesa Mabatirwo chirwere kuti tupukanana vari hanya zvachose asingaurayiwi kurapa.

Umhutu vari vatakuri chirwere. Pashure pokunge akarumwa ne munhu ane HIV utachiwana nezvipembenene. Uye pashure pevhiki nechekare vanomiririra tsime zvirwere. Zvipembenene izvi ropa-yakayamwa kukanganisa murwere cutaneous chimiro chirwere. Munhu anogona kubereka antibodies. Kamwe pakurwara yakadaro chimiro murwere ane simba kutapata kuti chirwere.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis chirwere anokwanisa kutapukira kwete chete kuburikidza neropa umhutu. The Tupukanana kwevanorwara urikanwi buditsa.

chirwere kupatsanura

Kune mhando nhatu chirwere:

1. Leishmaniasis ganda. The chirwere akaratidza muhomwe kutaura papules zvakadzika.
2. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Nokuti chirwere chakadai dzinoratidzwa nemaronda mumuromo, mhuno nepahuro.
3. Visceral leishmaniasis. chimiro iyi panoonekwa apo Leishmania anopinda node midziyo. Sezvo rutambanudzire kuerera emura kuburikidza nomuviri. Zvinokanganisawo zvomukati. Izvi vainyanya chirwatata, mapapu, mwoyo, chiropa. chimiro ichi anokwanisa kuumba ari nekutambira masoja zvokurwara.

Photo zvakajeka chinoratidza leishmaniasis chirwere iri pazasi. Rine cutaneous chirwere.

Shared zvokurwara, zvichienderana akanga dura uye rine chirwere. Saka, cutaneous leishmaniasis, uye visceral anogona kuva kaviri:

• anthroponotic - itsime chirwere munhu;
• zoonotic - the causative nomumiririri maperembudzi kubva kumhuka.

Zviratidzo visceral chimiro

Rinoreva chimiro ichi refu incubation kumwedzi. Sezvo chirwere pamberi kutanga kwezviratidzo chirwere wokutanga anogona kutora mazuva 20 kusvika 5 months. Inokudziridza zvishoma visceral leishmaniasis. Zviratidzo zviri tanga sezvinotevera:

• Pane vakawanda simba;
• ganda rakachenuruka;
• ungaderedza Nzara kusvikira ayo kusavapo wakakwana;
• chirwatata saizi yakawedzera zvishoma;
• nemuumbi nokusakendenga;
• tembiricha muviri rinobuda (zvazvingava kunonyanyisa ndiro 38 C).

Kuchiita hosha kunoratidzwa kuwedzera zvimwe zvitsva. Nepredprinyatye kuedza kubata leishmaniasis kuwedzera. Zviratidzo muvanhu vari akawedzera sezvinotevera:

1. Sezvineiwo kwakawedzera tembiricha (40 rinosvika pfungwa C). Nyaya iyi ine Wavy hunhu. Murwere alternates kwomuzvarirwo hyperthermia.
2. Chikosoro. chiratidzo ichi rinowanikwa mu maronda ari kufema midziyo.
3. Awanda node nodes. Vanozivikanwa panguva kuongorora. Kuwedzera aona pedyo kwakakanganisa nhengo.
4. Nounyoro chiropa, chirwatata panguva palpation. Chave kuwedzera nhengo idzi.

Kana iwe musatanga vakarwisana zvokurwara, anoenderera mberi leishmaniasis. Treatment yekudyidzana kuoma. Murwere chirwere akaramba kuderera:

• Kuparadzwa murwere;
• chirwatata anova kukuru kukura;
• ganda pamusoro pakaoma, rakachenuruka kwazvo;
• kakawanda dzungu;
• kuoneka kuzvimba makumbo;
• kakawanda mwoyo sunga;
• anowedzera dumbu vhoriyamu (mvura rinoungana iri peritoneal mhango);
• pane manyoka;
• havachanyatsogoni potency.

The mukunopera kunoratidzwa ungaderedza tsandanyama inzwi, pakuonekwa muviri wose kuzvimba, hapana kodnymi cover. Somugumisiro, murwere anofa.

Dzimwe nguva chirwere kosi chirwere. Zviratidzo chirwere anenge hapana. kiriniki iri kuchengetwa kana kudyara Leishmania shoma nhengo dzomukati.

Zviratidzo zvirwere ganda

chimiro iri kazhinji vakanyorwa Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Brazil, Siriya, Iran, Peru. The incubation nguva hunogara kubva pamazuva 10 kusvika 1.5 mwedzi.

In kwokutanga danho vakagadzirira ganda kunoitika, izvo maitire nokuda kwezvinhu ikaruma. Panguva iyi, pakupedzisira akaumba mota, nemaziso chakatodzana tubercle. Palpation nzvimbo kunokonzera kunorwadza kusanzwa. Pashure imwe vhiki mbiri pakati mugove tubercle rinowanika akafa zvinyama - necrosis. Iyi nzvimbo ine dema ruvara. Nokukurumidza zvinoitika ive urikanwi. Kubva ronda centre pamire yeyero-tsvuku zvokunwa - pus.

Pedyo chikuru nemaronda vanotanga simuka yechipiri anorovera. Akazvitorera chimiro ronda, ivo pakupedzisira batanidza. akaumba nomumwe urikanwi guru pamusoro ganda pamusoro.

Regional node nodes anogona kuwedzera murwere pamwe nechirwere kuti "leishmaniasis". Cutaneous leishmaniasis kunoratidzwa ronda achiporesa kuti 2-6 mwedzi. Zvisinei, mavanga vanoramba panzvimbo maronda.

Saka, chikuru zviratidzo cutaneous pathologies ndiwo:

• panowanikwa hillocks - leishmania;
• kuparadzwa ganda iri nzvimbo tubercle;
• mashoko;
• muchikuvadza kuporeswa uye vanga inotungamirwa.

Symptomatology mucocutaneous chimiro

Izvi Chirwere leishmaniasis mu kuonekwa haana kumbosiyana pazvirwere ganda. Musiyano chete ndiye kuparadzira zvokurwara pedyo mucous membranes.

It anodana chimiro iyi chisvetasimba inowanikwa World Itsva. Skin uye mucous Kamudzira zvokurwara pakutanga fananei mhuka nokuruma. Zvadaro, varwere vari kushandiswa mucous. Dzimwe nguva chirwere deforms kumeso.

With chirwere ichi zvinotevera nyaya dziri kuwedzera pamusoro zviratidzo cutaneous leishmaniasis:

• runny mhino;
• nasal kuzara ;
• chinetso pakuparadza;
• nosebleeds;
• erosions uye maronda pamuromo (miromo, matadza, rurimi);
• nemaronda ari nasal mhango.

Doctors kusiyanisa mhando mbiri yematambudziko chimiro ichi. Kana vasiyana chirwere yechipiri utachiona, murwere anogona kutanga nemabayo. Izvi kuroorana kufema zvichida zvinouraya.

kuongorora chirwere zvirwere

Munyika idzodzo apo chirwere kwakapararira, varwere ndikwane zvekuchipatara zviratidzo uye migumisiro Analyses zvinofungirwa kuvapo leishmaniasis.

Other varwere zvinodiwa zvachose chirwere kuitisa kudzidza zvinyama nemaikorosikopu kuziva tupukanana kana kuongorora ropa kuti azive antibodies. Aizivikanwa vanachiremba ganda bvunzo, yainzi bvunzo "ganda dema". Kudzidza kwakadaro haisi akakwana, saka kunenge harimboshandiswi kuti chirwere zvirwere.

Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera uremu, muviri, kuwedzera zvomukati, ganda lesion. zvirwere sezvimwe zviratidzo leishmaniasis. It sefivha, marariya, Chagas 'disease, toxoplasmosis, tibhii, njovhera, histoplasmosis. Naizvozvo, munhu zvachose chirwere zvinogoneka chete kusava nezvimwe zvokurwara.

Kana uchifungidzira chirwere kubva cutaneous leishmaniasis chinotanga kwazvo wemabhuku epidemiological nhoroondo. Zvakaratidza kuti chokwadi pamusoro mutsigiro kumurwere munharaunda anozivikanwa chirwere panomuka.

Anoedza kuzosimbisa chirwere rinoitwa sezvinotevera:

• achivhara zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva hillocks uye maronda;
• Ongororo yeropa (Romanovsky-Giemsa);
• mwongo ponji;
• chiropa biopsy, node nodes, chirwatata;
• zvoutachiona yokuenzanisira;
• serological miedzo (Elisa, RSK).

kurapwa

Sezvambotaurwa, mishonga sashanda pakurapa chirwere. Ivo basa chete imwe nyaya - kana munhu noutachiona kuti leishmaniasis anobatana. Nokuti zvakasiyana siyana chirwere vachiwirirana nzira dzavanoshandisa kubata nourwere. Kana murwere chirwere cutaneous leishmaniasis, kurapwa kunobva kushandisa mishonga yemo. Visceral chimiro kunoda dzakatevedzana majekiseni.

Chirwere munyoro, vavashandire ari anenge asina kudiwa. chirwere kwakadaro pashure imwe nguva inopfuura tisingatungamirirwi. In ichi nemigumisiro, haana kusiya.

Kana murwere ane pasi azvipire kutapata, hazvo izvozvo basa yokurapwa. Sezvo chirwere kunoitika zviri zvakaoma. Kushaya zvakafanira zvokurapa matanho hwakazara mutsekwende murwere, uye dzimwe nguva zvinouraya.

Kurwara kuitika kwazvo chimiro, kunosanganisira kuvhiya. Munguva oparesheni, murwere hwaputswa chirwatata.

Treatment zvirwere ganda

kurwa nzira kuvimba chimiro uye pavaipfuura chekubuda zvokurwara akadai leishmaniasis. Kurapwa kungasanganisira zvinotevera nzira:

• zvinodhaka kurapa;
• kuvhiya chidobi;
• physiotherapy;
• mishonga.

Kuvhiya nzira inoshandiswa, kana pane chimwe lesion duku iri paganda pamusoro. urikanwi ichi excised surgically.

For kuchirapa zvinangwa, inogona kushandiswa zvinotevera wenyama kurapa unyanzvi:

• kubvisa zvokurwara Laser;
• cryosurgery - nzvimbo zvinoparadzwa kukundwa chando;
• kugwinha kurapwa - electrocoagulation.

Okunyanyisa dzokurapa pamwe mishonga antibacterial uye Anti-anogumbura chiito.

Drug kurapwa inobva zvinotevera zvinodhaka:

1. "Metronidazole". Marapirwo iri yemanyorero anenge 10 mazuva. The mushonga chinobviswa katatu pazuva perinatally. A chete dose - 250 MG.
2. Pentavalent namavara akanaka zvinodhaka. Kazhinji ndiwo zvinodhaka, "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim". Ivo vanogadzwa nomudzimu ineffectiveness zvinodhaka "Metronidazole", kushandiswa mazuva 2-3. zvinodhaka aya achiita munharaunda uye intramuscularly. The varumbidzwa dose - 400-600 MG zvinodhaka pazuva.
3. "Pentamidine." chokushandisa Ndiwo mushonga resarudzo. It rinoshandisirwa kaviri pavhiki 2-4 MG / makirogiramu.
4. Local akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, disinfectant mafuta. Ivo tsvedzesa vawirwa nenjodzi. Vabudirire mu zvokurwara kwakadaro "Monomitsinovaya", "Gramitsidinovaya", "Rivanolovaya" (1%), "Akrihinovaya" (1%) mafuta.
5. "Furatsillina". Recommended lotions izvi mhinduro.

Drug kurapwa rinowanzoshandiswa kuitwa chaizvo mapoka. Pakati pavo zvachose kuvakurudzira kutora kuregawo inogara kwemavhiki anenge 2-3. Dosages akapiwa kumusoro - the Avharenji. Panguva kurapwa mitemo vanosarudzwa kuti mumwe murwere nomumwe.

At nzendo chirwere antiprotozoal yomuchipatara yokutanga ( "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim") vakapinda zvakananga kupinda lesion. jekiseni kwakadaro advantageously kuitwa anenge 3-5 mazuva.

Mabatirwo visceral chimiro

In chimiro ichi zvokurwara kudiwa mishonga mapoka 3:

1. Achishandisa pentavalent namavara akanaka. Kazhinji mushonga zvinosanganisira "Solyusurmin", "Pentostam", "Neostibazan", "Glyukantim". Zvinodhaka zviri raitongwa intramuscularly kana nomutsinga. The chipimo chemushonga mishonga izvi zvinoenderana nezera. Kunonyanyisa kosi ine 20 majekiseni.
2. Inonhuwirira diamidino. Mishonga iyi "Pentamidine", "Stilbamidin". nzira dzakadaro vanotumirwa panguva yekunwa mishonga sashanda kurapwa pentavalent namavara akanaka. Murwere achada kupfuura 3 kosi. Pakati izvo pane kumbozorora mazuva 10.
3. "Amphotericin B". About mishonga iyi, kana zvose zvinodhaka ataurwa pamusoro apa regai kupa aida kuchirapa mugumisiro. Duration yokurapa kungava kwemavhiki anenge 8.

Marapirwo zvingasanganisira:

• Antibacterial zvinodhaka: "methacycline", "Rifampicin";
• antifungal vamiririri, "Ketoconazole";
• mishonga inorwisa utachiona, "furazolidone".

ethnoscience

Anogona kuva vanobudirira unyanzvi kushandiswa N'anga kubvisa zvirwere. Just kuyeuka kuti nzira dzakadaro havagoni kutsiva kurapa chairayirwa chiremba apo chirwere "cutaneous leishmaniasis". Mabatirwo chevarwere mishonga vanofanira kuita sezvo dzimwe nzira kurwisa chirwere.

Kana cutaneous chimiro chirwere inokurudzirwa:

1. Kushandiswa tonics. Zvinobatsira kuita tincture pamusoro Aralia, Chinese magnolia muzambiringa, ginseng, Eleutherococcus, lewisia. Ivo zvakakwana kusimbisa okuchengetedza yose muviri, kupa kunopindirana kuvandudzika. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chero mishonga kaviri pazuva samadonhwe 30.
2. Fresh facial. Zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti varwere kuti vanonwa kubva makarotsi, mbatatisi, makabheji.
3. Decoctions, infusions yaigadzirwa oats. Mishonga teas the currant mashizha, rosehip michero, honeysuckle.
4. Anorumanya pamusoro anorovera. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa chete kana mamota akanga aratidzwa kwete. For anorumanya kushandisa pfungwa yokushanda broths tansy maruva, the willow omuti.
5. Oleoresin mupaini huni - spruce, misipuresi, nemipaini. Muchimiro pellets zvinofanira kupfeka zvakakanganisa nzvimbo uye hwokuchengetedza bhandeji.

Kushandisa Nzira idzi, iva nechokwadi kuti bvunza chiremba wako. Vamwe zvokushandisa zvinosanganisira contraindications uye pachinzvimbo kuporesa anogona kuunza nemigumisiro.

Kudzivirira chirwere

Dzinokosha matanho kudzivirira chirwere ndiko kubvisa manyuko chirwere - nemakonzo uye mosikito - muzvinhu zvavo kubereka.

Mbeu nzvimbo inogarwa nemakonzo, yakabereka mukati imwe nharaunda ine 15 km kubva mumusha umo dziviriro. mufambo Izvi rinoenderana kure Umhutu rwendo.

Kudzivirira kupararira chamaperembudzi, unofanira kudzivisa maberekero mhuka pekugara. Pets vanofanira nguva dzose kuongororwa kuti chirwere.

Systemic kudzivirira matanho anosanganisira:

1. Runako yokugara nzvimbo. Zvakakodzera kurambidza maberekero emaguta umhutu uye makonzo.
2. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kubvisa marara.
3. Usataura nemafashamo mudzimba.
4. Panguva Chaiyo kugadzira ducts zvose.
5. Kugara yaifanira chokudzivirira disinfestation uye dzinogarwa mudzimba.

Dzivirira musha kubva Umhutu kubvumira gobvu mosquito mambure. Uyezve, Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nomushonga wezvipembenene. nzira nyore kwakadaro kuchaita kudzivirira leishmaniasis chirwere.

Kudzivirira nokushanyira nzvimbo kuti kune ngozi, anobva chaiyo masoja mishonga. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti musi kuitika mushonga haina yakatanga pamusoro chirwere.

mhedziso

Kazhinji mashoko fungidziro ndiyo chirwere zvakanaka. Kana isu kutaura cutaneous leishmaniasis, zviri kashoma zvinouraya. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji akasiya kuseri Kushatisa mavanga. Pasina zvakakodzera Mabatirwo visceral muchimiro inenge nguva dzinouraya nokuda kwazvo zvokudya kana nhego kukundikana. Izvi zvingadziviswa, asi chete nenguva pakutanga hondo pamwe risingafadzi zvokurwara pasi pokudzora chiremba anokwanisa.