Mapurasitiki uye chikumbiro chavo. mapurasitiki porosity

-siyana mapurasitiki mikana yakakwana kuti zvisikwa vamwe hurongwa uye zvinoriumba. Haasi masanga zvinhu izvi zvinoshandiswa siyana minda kubva engineering redhiyo injiniya kuti mushonga uye kurima. Nenyere zvinoumba kuti michina, insulating zvinhu, housings kuti midziyo yemagetsi uye zvemumba - rebei mazita chii chinogona akasikwa kubva epurasitiki.

Huru mhando

Mapurasitiki uye kushandiswa kwawo kwakavakirwa chii Polymers zvinokonzera - dzinongoitika kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Vari pasi kudziyisa, kufurirwa, uye ipapo achiita Kuumbwa nyaya kunosiyana kunzwisisa. The chikuru ndechokuti kana manipulations izvi kuti vachengete chimiro Finished chigadzirwa. mapurasitiki vose thermoplastic, kuti ndiye reversible, uye thermosetting (kusingarapiki).

Reversible kuva mapurasitiki nokupesvedzera kwohumwe kudziyisa uye kumanikidzwa, pamwe akachinja zvikuru murwiyo regai kuitika. The compression uye atova munhu chigadzirwa akasimba kunobvira nguva dzose kupfavisa uye kuzvipa kuumbwa. Dzinozivikanwa zvokuzvivaraidza epurasitiki kwakadaro (thermoplastic) zvakadai polyethylene uye polystyrene. Akavamba husingakwanisi ngura, uye dielectric zvivako. On hwaro kugadzirwa zvikwepa ayo, mafirimu, mapepa, rinoshandiswa nevakawanda sechinhu insulating zvinhu.

Of styrene kuti polystyrene

Somugumisiro polymerization nokuda styrene akanga akagadzirira polystyrene. Pazviri munguva yemberi kusika siyana pamusana kuraswa kana zvenzara. mapurasitiki kwakadaro dzinoshandiswa nevakawanda nekuda pagadzirwe guru zvikamu uye zvigadzirwa, zvakadai sefiriji kana zvinhu kuti zvimbudzi. Pakati thermosetting mapurasitiki anowanzoshandiswa pressporoshki, laminates, faibha Akazadzisa mapurasitiki, izvo zvinogona mberi kupatsanurwa kuti vawane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Mapurasitiki - nyore chaizvo kushandisa uye, maererano paunogona kusika yakawanda hazvo. Zvichienderana chafariz ehupfumi ndedzinotevera marudzi mapurasitiki :

1. Kudzvanya. Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kufarirwa yokuita zvinhu kubva thermosetting zvinhu. Kuumbwa rinoitwa munguva chaiyo anoumba pasi kumusoro tembiricha kuvafurira.
2. Jekiseni Kuumbwa. Nzira Izvi zvinoita kuti pave zvivezwa maumbirwo siyana. For Matangi inokosha iyi vakazara epurasitiki wakaumbwa. muitiro pacharwo kunoratidzwa yakakwirira zvibereko uye kunyatsoshanda.
3. Extrusion. Kuburikidza kugadzira vakadaro vanowana mhando dzakawanda epurasitiki zvigadzirwa, zvakadai nyere, nezvitsvuku, namabote, mafirimu ose akasiyana mabasa.
4. Kuvhuvhuta. nzira iyi - mukana wakakwana kusika rakavapo hombe chimiro, izvo uchava musono pakarepo pakazovharwa chakuvhuvhu.
5. Tsika. Iyi nzira zvigadzirwa vakasikwa kubva epurasitiki machira uye mahwendefa chaizvo zvitarisiko.

polymerization Features

Mapurasitiki chingawanikwa polymerization uye polycondensation. Muchiitiko chokutanga kuti monomer mamorekuru kwakabatana chokuumba polymer cheni pasina kusunungurwa mvura uye doro, ari wechipiri - ne-zvigadzirwa vari kuumbwa, kwete vakasungwa polymer. Various nzira uye mhando mapurasitiki polymerization zvinoita kuti vawane nziyo izvo zvakasiyana kutanga ehupfumi. Basa rinokosha izvi zviri reDare tembiricha akarurama uye kupisa pavakanzwa Kuumbwa nziyo polymerize zvakanaka. Munguva polymerization zvakakosha kuteerera residual monomer - pane zviduku kwayo, zvikuru hwakavimbika uye kwenguva yakareba ichishanda achava epurasitiki.

porosity

Kana polymerization modes dzave kutyorwa, zvinogona kutungamirira urema mu apedza zvigadzirwa. Ivo matema kuoneka, kurambana uye kwakawedzera munyika mupfungwa. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana epurasitiki porosity:

1. Gas. Richiwanika nokuti polymerization muoti anobatwa chibharo, uye benzoyl peroxide mamota. Kana gasi pores vari achiumbwa pakukora ari prosthesis kuti kunodiwa kuchinja.
2. Granular porosity kunoitika nokuda zvakawandisa polymer upfu, kwemvura ine monomer pachiso kwemashoko yepamusoro kana kukwana vaiitawo mapurasitiki sezvamunoita.
3. The porosity of compression. Kunoitika nekuti kuderedza Vhoriyamu polymerizing vazhinji pasi mugumisiro kukwana kumanikidzwa kana kushaya Kuumbwa sezvamunoita.

Chii nezvacho?

Unofanira kuziva kuti marudzi mapurasitiki vari porosity, uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso wokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Zvakakosha kuti kuteerera porosity duku pamusoro pechiso prosthesis. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti naivowo yakawanda ari monomer, sezvamakaropafadzwa porosity haisi pasi makorari. Kana, panguva kushanda pamwe mapurasitiki aumba zvemukati residual kunetseka, chigadzirwa kuti kutsemuka. ezvinhu akadaro kuchimuka nokuda polymerization muoti kutyorwa, kana chinhu iri kuresa iri kufashaira mvura.

Chero zvazvingava, zviri kuparara zvemaziso zvivako zviri polymer zvinhu kuguma kunotungamirira kukwegura, asi nokuti kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kuita zvakazara.

Basic mapurasitiki - chii?

Viewed zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu nezvigadziko bvisika ndiro prostheses. Inonyanya kufarirwa mhando dzinokosha mapurasitiki vari chakaita zvokugadzirwa chawo. Misa nokuti zvigadziko, kazhinji mubatanidzwa upfu uye mvura. Pavanenge hwakakanyiwa, Kuumbwa akafanana akasikwa iyo anoomesa nomuzvarirwo kana pasi kudziyisa. Zvichienderana zvinhu inotengwa hot-Kurapwa kana kuzvipira nokuomesa. Inokosha mapurasitiki inopisa polymerization dzinosanganisira:

• Etacryl (AKP-15);
• akrel;
• ftoraks;
• Akron.

Zvinhu rokusika dentures vari kusanduka mapurasitiki, izvo zvinodiwa somunhu nyoro vakakatyamadzwa rokutora Mapedhi kuti zvigadziko. Vanofanira kuva vakachengeteka nokuti muviri, zvakasimba chokuita mujinga prosthesis, kuramba mukana wokushandiswa uye kugara vhoriyamu. Pakati mapurasitiki dzakadaro eladent kucherechedza kuti lining kune zvachose prosthesis, uye iyo akawana kwakavakirwa siloxane Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti ortoksil.

zvokuvakisa

The Mhando chikuru mapurasitiki zvinoshandiswa muminda okuvaka siyana, zvichienderana murwiyo. Zvikuru nevakawanda zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Polymer kongiri. rinoumba ichi nebwe, iyo wakasikwa maererano thermosetting Polymers. The zvakanakisisa panyaya mumuviri zvemaziso zvivako zviri polymer kongiri inokurukurwa pahwaro epoxy Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. Brittleness mashoko ari ndanyarara hangu nokuda fibrous fillers - asbestos, magirazi fibers. Polymer kongiri anoshandiswa kusika zvivako husingakwanisi makemikari.
2. GRP - ano mhando okuvaka mapurasitiki, vari machira negirazi fibers, micheka, linkable polymer. Washington City Offices akasikwa pachishandiswa fibers zvakanangwa kana kudimburwa uye micheka kana nepanhovo.
3. Floor zvinhu. Ivo dzinoturwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana uye zhidkovyazovyh mupumburu unhani nziyo yakavakirwa Polymers. Chivako zvinowanzodavirwa kuiswa linoleum pahwaro PVC, nezvakanaka chafariz uye acoustic kuputira unongotaura. Musono pauriri yemastic inogona akasika inobva zvokudya musanganiswa pamwe oligomers.

Plastic aro chokuguma

Kune 5 mhando mapurasitiki, vane izita yavo:

1. Polyethylene terephthalate (Pete ane tsamba chokuguma kana PET). Hwokuratidza kunyatsoshanda uye paupamhi chikumbiro: kushandiswa nekuchengeta siyana zvinodhaka, mafuta okuzora.
2. High arambe achirema polyethylene (HDPE kana vanogona kuramba Pe HD). The acho kunoratidzwa kunyatsoshanda, zororo, kuramba tembiricha kuchinja. Richishandiswa nokuti zvaAtemisi kuraswa tableware, midziyo nokuti chekuchengeta zvekudya mabhegi, matoyi.
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC kana mavara sezvo V). Kubva ichi zvenyama hwindo Profiles, fenicha zvikamu, Film nokuda rwoga ceilings, zvikwepa, flooring uye zvakawanda. Nekuti zviri bisphenol A, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl phthalates hadzina kushandiswa pakugadzira zvigadzirwa (midziyo, cookware uye zvakafanana. P.) Nokuti kuchengeta chikafu.
4. Polyethylene (LDPE kana rokuisa chiratidzo PEBD). Izvi rweruzhinji zvinhu zvaishandiswa pakugadzira mabhegi, marara mabhegi, linoleum uye maCD.
5. Polypropylene (PP ane earufabheti Kunyora). simba Dzakasiyana, kupisa nemishonga, yakakodzera pagadzirwe mumidziyo zvokudya, zvokudya kavha, matoyi, syringes.

Mhando Popular kuti mapurasitiki - polystyrene uye polycarbonate. Vari zvinowanzoshandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.

Minda chikumbiro

-siyana mapurasitiki zvinoshandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Panyaya iyi, zvinodiwa kwavari pamusoro chete - vakasununguka kushanda uye vakachengeteka. Ngatikurukurei mhando thermoplastics vavo dzose.

Thermosetting mapurasitiki (tafura)

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

In aripo nyaya isu akatarira mhando mapurasitiki uye chikumbiro chavo. Kana kushandisa zvinhu izvi runoonekwa zvinhu zvakawanda, kubvira mumuviri zvemaziso zvivako uye maitiro kupedza basa. Pasinei wayo mutengo epurasitiki ane zvakakwana azvipire vakachengeteka, izvo chaizvo Unowedzera kukura kwebasa chikumbiro chacho.