Margarita Aliger nyanduri: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Margarita Aliger, ane Biography zvechokwadi mubereko kubva mafeni basa rake - yakakurumbira nyanduri Soviet, paakavapa ari Stalin Prize dzeboka rechipiri kuti nhetembo "Zoe" munhu Feat wokusatya musikana Soviet Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

udiki

A womunyika muguta Odessa, Margarita Aliger, Biography zvatakaona, akaberekwa musi waOctober 7, 1915 mumhuri yechiJudha kuduku vakuru. Amai aiva vemba, baba vake - anokwanisa comprehensively erudite murume, kuti zvokudya mhuri yake, vachiedza kuita angambosvika: kupa zvidzidzo, akashanda zvakasiyana pakombiyuta, rakashandurwa. Rita akanga mwana wake chete uye zvikuru aida. Paakanga 9 makore baba vake vakashaya.

Metropolitan upenyu

Kubva achiri muduku, musikana aiva chaizvo kwazvo kuverenga, achisarudza mabasa Pushkin uye Nekrasov, uye akaita wokutanga kuedza kunyora mitsetse nhetembo. tarenda rake chaiko, akatanga kuratidza mumakore muchikoro nokuti mazororo zvose uye zviitiko zvikuru. Pashure chikoro makore manomwe akaramba zvidzidzo vake nemakemikari zvekushandisa pachikoro, akashanda zvakafanana panguva fekitari uye vakagadzirira kubatanidza upenyu hwavo kemisitiri. Pashure pemakore maviri, Margarita akaziva kuti nechepakati kwaari upenyu huri nhetembo uye mabhuku. Pazera 16 iye akasiya chikoro uye akatamira kuMoscow, uko iye akaita kunyorwa debut wake. Kukundikana bvunzo kukoreji, akabvisa pakona, akaenda kubasa, kutanga somunhu raibhurari OGIZ Institute, uye gare gare pepanhau womufekitari. Muna 1933, akatanga kubudiswa mu "Ogonyok" magazini, ari kugara muteereri wake mabhuku vachiravana; mabhuku okutanga vakanga nhetembo "Rain" uye "upenyu Everyday".

Margarita Aliger: okugadzira zvinhu

Muna 1934, Margaret akava mudzidzi ari Institute of Literature ainzi pashure Bamba Gorky, apo kurovedza kwakaitika kusvikira 1937. Active Bhuku nhetembo uye voruzhinji kuonekwa akatanga muna 1935: munyika akaona akaunganidzwa akadai "Gore Birth", "Matombo uye uswa", "Railway". Kubva 1934 kusvika 1939, Margaret aifamba chaizvo, akashanyira Leningrad, yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus uye Ukraine. Kushanya kwakadaro chakakonzera kuti pakazvarwa nhetembo idzva dzakabudiswa nevaparidzi siyana nokuzvidira. Nokuti basa rokushandura, zviyo panguva uye yakapiwa kwemakore mazhinji, mwoyo mukuru vaaishanda navo Lugovskoy V. uye P. Antokolsky. Shanduro chaiko Margarita akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti muverengi Russian tinyatsoziva mabasa vanyori kubva kunyika dzakasiyana uye nekusangana mavambo uye munhu akazvimiririra neimwe.

award rokutanga

Margarita Aliger ndomumwe vadetembi mana (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), akanyora ndima tsamba umhare vanhu Spain munguva yehondo munyika iyoyo, yaiva chikonzero pfungwa Stalin vake tsitsi nyanduri inoshanda. Kufanana vakawanda vakararama panguva yake 30s Aliger Margarita losifovna akararama musimba yaivapo ngano pamusoro Soviet Union sezvo muvambi kuvandudzwa kwenyika, kwenzanga of Soviet Union sendarama nokururamisira uye zvakanakisisa, pamusoro Stalin - ave akachenjera uye zvikuru mutungamiri. Mudetembi akabatana Koshanda, uye muna 1938 Margaret aiva nhengo Writers 'Union uye nhengo woruwa bhodhi pakati Krasnaya Presnya. Muna 1939, mudetembi akanga paakavapa yokutanga hurumende mubayiro wacho - the Order of Badge Kukudzwa.

upenyu hwemhuri Margarity Aliger

Muna 1937 Margarita Aliger, ane Biography hwakada chokuita nhetembo uye mabhuku, akasika mhuri ine wechiduku munyori Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kurarama pamwe chete semhuri rombo vakagumburwa pamusoro zvinhu upenyu: upenyu hazvirevi wakakwanisa kunyange mbiri dzidzo. Mushure chinorwadza uye mazhinji chirwere rimwe gore mwana wekare akafa vaviri, murume zvakazvipira mberi uye akaurayiwa mumazuva hondo yokutanga. Pakuyeuka wake, ane rufu Margarita ari zvakaoma chaizvo achipfuura, akatsaurira kuti nhetembo "Ane bara mumoyo mangu, ndinorarama munyika" uye "Music." Constantine akakwanisa kunyora nhetembo ari mukadzi wake vaviri nziyo uye piyano zvidimbu; inopenya uye melodic. Kubva muchato uyu mumaoko marguerite akaramba mwanasikana Tatiana, uye zvadaro kubatanidza upenyu hwake pamwe nhetembo. Akafa nekenza ropa muna 1974. Baba vomusikana wechipiri Masha akanga Alexander Fadeev, panguva akaroorwa Angelina Stepanova - mutambi of Moscow Art Theater, uye vakazviuraya muna 1956. The mwanasikana muduku kwezvapupu - musikana akanaka chaizvo, imwe mhuri pamwe nyanduri German Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, akatamira naye Germany. upenyu hwemhuri haana kushanda, Maria akagara London, akanga achiparidza mumabhuku kunyora uye nyaya, shanduro kubva Chirungu, uyo aiziva zvakakwana. Pakarepo, zvose akazviuraya muna 1991.

Margarita Aliger: Poems yehondo

Kubva 1938 kusvika 1940 Margaritoy Aliger mabhuku matatu nhetembo dzakabudiswa, akaronga zvirongwa zvitsva, asi akachinja hondo, zvakananga uye pakarepo Kupinda umo marguerite ndakamunzwa nesimba, zuva basa yehondo ezvinhu, zviri nevana vaviri uye anorarama - kufanana upenyu hwemamiriyoni akawanda vakadzi Soviet, vanaamai masoja ', chirikadzi uye nherera. Kubva hondo Aliger Margarita losifovna aishanda rakakombwa Leningrad muchiuto dzomupepanhau nokuda pepanhau "Rukodzi Stalin kuti" riri basa vapepeti vari kuramba kuenda dzakasiyana dzenyika mberi. Muunganidzwa nhetembo dzake ( "In kuyeuka vakashinga", "Poems uye Poems", "Lyrics") Aliger vakazvitsaurira kuna avo, vamire achitungamirira uye akaisa miniti ose kufa kudzivirira nyika yavo; zviri chete nokuonga vakashinga mwoyo izvi, iye uye mamiriyoni vemunyika Soviet angararama, basa uye kutenda mune ramangwana. Muna 1942 akanyora kuti nhetembo "Zoe," iro rinotaura pamusoro Feat Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Kusika ichi mabasa akakurumbira pakati Margarita vachishingaira kutora zvinhu, ndakasangana nevanhu vaiziva Zoe: amai, vadzidzisi, shamwari, partisans ari sezvakarayirwa musikana kuverenga mumabhuku echikoro yake, akacherechedza mabhuku, mabasa zvakazoita kuti aifanira kunyora pamusoro heroism vakadzi Soviet. Chaizvo nokuti zita chigadzirwa uyu Margarity Aliger nomukurumbira uye akava chiratidzo nyika anoparadzirwa. Nokuti detembo "Zoe" Margarita Aliger chirevo chasainwa Stalin musi March 21 , 1943 akanga paakavapa ari Stalin Prize dzeboka rechipiri. 2 Kwapera vhiki, musi April 3 mumapepanhau yakabudisa tsamba kubva marguerite, umo mudetembi vakandikumbira kupa shoma kugamuchirwa uwandu 50 000 rubles nokuti zvinodiwa Red Army uye kuvandudza ayo zvombo nezvaanogona. Zvisinei, rupo chiito ichi haina kutaurwa pose pose. Kubudirira nhetembo "Zoe" akafuridzirwa Margarita kuumba zvinoshamisa basa pamwe chete nomusoro. Saka mutambo-Drama "The zvakaedza chokwadi" akasikwa, yakanga kwakabudirira zvikuru pakati theatre nevaimuteerera. Pashure Stalin afa, Margaret akanzi ne vatsoropodzi nyanduri "mediocre".

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake mudetembi

Muna 1955, nyanduri Margarita Aliger muchirongwa nokuumba "mabhuku Moscow" - vanonzi nyungudika almanac, aiva nhengo Union of Writers pamusoro RSFSR uye USSR.

Mumakore 60-70, mudetembi akaramba mabhuku basa rake, mabasa ake nguva dzose kubudiswa, Margaret akashanyira nyika dzakawanda uye vakanyora ichitanga nhetembo akadai "Notes Japanese", "misangano miviri", "zvinosuruvarisa Spain", "Kubva Notebook French" "Italy ndiyo mweya wangu", "Poems kure," "Dzokera kuna Chile." Muna fung gore 70 akauya mavhoriyamu okutanga maviri, izvo rakabudiswa nhetembo uye nhetembo Margarity Aliger, muna 1984 - a mavhoriyumu matatu muunganidzwa mabasa.

Margarita Aliger, Biography ari kufarira zvechokwadi vemazuva ano, uyo anoda kubata muchiuto kare, akafa August 1, 1992 pedyo Villa wake mutsaona: vakawira mugomba rakadzika. Nyanduri akavigwa kumakuva muna Peredelkino pedo vanasikana vavo.