Mativi uropi vavo mashandiro: mamiriro, zvinhu uye rondedzero

Brain - tenzi regulator of mashandiro upi muviri mupenyu, mumwe chinhu epfungwa. Kusvikira ikozvino, zvokurapa masayendisiti kudzidza zvinhu uropi uye kunozarura-itsva zvose zvinobvira incredible nayo. Uyu chaizvo kunzwisisa nhengo runobatanidza muviri yedu pamwe kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. mativi uropi vavo mashandiro zvibate zvipenyu zvose zvirimo. External receptors kubata anonongedzera uye azivise pamusoro kuuya kuitika (chiedza, ruzha, tactile uye nevamwe vakawanda) upi kuuropi. Mhinduro anouya pakarepo. Sei kwedu musoro "processor", vachanzwisisa zvakawanda.

tsananguro General uropi

mativi uropi vavo mashandiro vari kutungamirira zvakazara dzedu pezvakaitwa upenyu. Uropi hwomunhu inoumbwa mabhiriyoni 25 Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Izvi hazvidaviriki nhamba masero achiumba pfumbu nyaya. Brain chinofukidza anoshongwa akawanda:

• munyoro;
• makasimba;
• arachnoid (pano circulates doro).

Doro - a cerebrospinal mvura iri muuropi basa ndisingafungiri absorb mudziviriri mhosva chero ranwa simba.

Vose varume nevakadzi vakava uropi anawo nzira, kunyange zvayo uremu yakasiyana. Most ichangobva akagadzirisa nharo kuti uremu uropi wakakurira ingaita kukura mupfungwa uye mano njere. The mhedziso iri nyore - hazvisi. uropi uremu anenge 2% of zvachose kurema munhu. Varume, uremu mariri paavhareji 1 370 g, uye vakadzi - 1240, mashandiro anoita uropi hwomunhu nharaunda dzakabudirira mureza vane zvokurarama nazvo kuvimba navo. Okufunga kuvimba uwandu akasikwa muuropi kubatana. Sero rimwe nerimwe uropi - Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, izvo zvinowanisa uye transmits pulses.

The in mukati muuropi inonzi ventricles. The madhipatimendi siyana kuenda cranial tsinga yezvinoita.

Mashandiro anoita uropi (Table)

dhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe muuropi anopiwa basa rinoitwa. The tafura pazasi inoratidza izvi. Uropi yakaita kombiyuta, zvakajeka anoita mabasa ayo, varayirwa kubva kunze kwenyika.

Mashandiro anoita uropi, netafura kunoratidza schematic uye zvakajeka.

Below isu funga zvikamu kuuropi zvizere.

mamiriro

Mumufananidzo unoratidza sei uropi. Rinonyatsooneka chikamu inogarwa iri Hemisférios Cerebrais, pasinei ichi, nhengo dzose uropi vavo mashandiro basa rinokosha mumuviri. Pane madhipatimendi huru shanu:

• magumo (of zvachose kurema 80%);
• shure (zambuko uye cerebellum);
• zvenguva;
• oblong;
• avhareji.

Panguva iyoyowo uropi rakakamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu: uropi hunde, cerebellum, vaviri Hemisférios Cerebrais.

endbrain

Hazvibviri zvishoma kutsanangura sechivako wouropi. Kuti tinzwisise zvikamu uropi vavo mashandiro, zvinokosha kudzidza maumbirwo yavo kunyatsotevera.

Telencephalon rinoenderera frontal kusvika occipital pfupa. Pano isu funga maviri Hemisférios Cerebrais: kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama. Kune vamwe, dhipatimendi ichi ine vakawanda sulci uye gyri. Development uye mamiriro uropi chaizvo akasungwa pamwe chete. Nyanzvi pachena nezvemarudzi matatu goko:

• yekare (s olfactory tubercle, Anterior Perforated fuma lunate podmozolistoy podmozolistoy gyrus uye lateral);
• wekare (pamwe dentate gyrus - fascia uye gippokambom);
• mutsva (ndiwo mamwe cortex).

Hemispheric yakakamurwa longitudinal paburi waro kudzika wakaisirwa uye corpus callosum, izvo kubatanidza hemisphere. Hazvibetseri corpus callosum iri mudungwe ne tsinga fibers uye yakabatana neocortex. The nemamiriro hemispheres nani kunzwisisa uye chakafanana multi-yakati hurongwa. Kune akasiyana frontal, epanyama, parietal uye occipital akafukidza, subcortex uye cortex. Hemisférios Cerebrais akaita vazhinji mabasa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuruboshwe hemisphere akarayira rworudyi chikamu muviri, uye vakutarisire kurudyi - akasiya.

goko

The pose paiva uropi - ndiye nemakwati, ine Ukobvu 3 neMM, anofukidza hemisphere. The mamiriro ine wehunyambiri masero etsinga vane muitiro. Muna cortex dzinewo efferent uye afferent tsinga fibers, uye neuroglia. mativi uropi vavo mashandiro vari munyaya tafura, uye kuti ndiye goko? An Ester mamiriro ane chinjikira layering. The mamiriro ane nhanhatu akaturikidzana:

• rokunze pyramidal;
• rokunze granular;
• yomukati particulate;
• samolecular;
• zvemukati pyramidal;
• pamwe fusiform masero.

Mumwe ane zvakasiyana upamhi, arambe achirema, chimiro Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Vertical tsapo tsinga fibers vasiyana omuti munhu tote striations. Nharaunda cortex iri vanenge 2200 mativi masendimita, nhamba Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu pano rinosvika mabhiriyoni gumi.

mativi uropi uye avo mabasa: kuhukura

Kuhukura Rinotarisira wandei dzakananga mashandiro anoita muviri. Mumwe akafukidza ndiye anokonzera vayo parameters. Funga mabasa akasungirirwa hotera More mashoko:

• rwepanyama akafukidza - anodzora kunhuhwidza uye nokunzwa;
• parietal - ndiye zvakabikwa uye nokubata;
• occipital - zvakaratidzwa;
• frontal - kunzwisisa mafungiro, kufamba uye matauriro.

Mumwe dzouropi ari kuonana nevamwe Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, pane kutaura (wachena nyaya) zviuru gumi. Tsinga fibers - a fuma chena. Mumwe kuuropi rinobatanidza. White nyaya zvinosanganisira mhando nhatu fibers:

• associational link imwe hemisphere cortical siyana munzvimbo;
• commissural hemisphere ibatanidzwe;
• Fungidziro kukurukura rezasi idzodzo ndivo analyzers nzira.

Kufunga marongerwo uye kushanda kwouropi, zvakakodzera kusimbisa basa vachena uye chena nyaya. Hemispheric vari mukati basal ganglia (kuchena nyaya), dzinonyanya kushanda kuti nekufambisa mashoko. Between cerebral goko uye basal nuclei iri chena hwakasimba. Pane ina dzakasiyana-siyana:

• pakati grooves ari convolutions;
• kuruvazhe nzvimbo hemispheres;
• vanobatanidzwa zvemukati Kamudzira;
• riri corpus callosum.

Zvayaiva iri chena fuma inoumbwa tsinga fibers uye rinobatanidza convolutions ari omuti apasi mapoka. Subcortical nuclei vanoumba subcortical uropi.

Telencephalon - anotungamirira ose anokosha muviri, uyewo kuita njere.

diencephalon

mativi uropi uye mabasa avo (tafura akapa pamusoro) zvinosanganisira diencephalon. Kana tichakataririra muudzame, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti inoitwa ventral uye dorsal nhengo. Pakazosvika ventral hypothalamus ndowenyika dorsal - thalamus, metathalamus uye epithalamus.

Thalamus ndiye murevereri, iro anotungamira mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira agamuchirwa hemisphere. chinowanzoonekwa vachinzi "ziso hillocks." Zvinobatsira muviri nokukurumidza kuti ajairane kuchinja kwokunze zvakatipoteredza. Thalamus zvakabatana kuti cerebellum vachishandisa chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita hurongwa.

The hypothalamus anotungamira autonomic mabasa. Simba iri kuburikidza tsinga, uye, chokwadi, kuti kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Anoita kushanda kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, anodzora muviri. The pituitary shwanu iri zvakananga anaro. It inodzora tembiricha yomuviri, zvemwoyo uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa. Uyewo, iyo hypothalamus anotungamirira maitiro edu zvokudya nokunwa, chengetedza takamuka uye hope.

shure

The hindbrain zvinosanganisira vorgelagerten zambuko uye cerebellum, riri shure. By kudzidza marongerwo uye kushanda kwouropi, tikanyatsoongorora sechivako zambuko: iri dorsal pose cerebellum chakafukidzwa, ventral vakapa fibrous marongerwo. The fibers tinotungamirirwa ichi wedhipatimendi muchinjikwa. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe zambuko vanoenda pakati cerebellar gumbo. Pamusoro pemvura zambuko chakafanana thickened chena chinotenderera yaiva pamusoro medulla oblongata. Midzi tsinga iri bulbar-kubva panzira muforo.

Sechivako rwemberi ekisero: pamberi chinogona kuonekwa kuti nhengo kumberi akaparadzanisa (huru ventral) uye posterior (dorsal diki) mugove. Pakati pavo, muganhu ndiye trapezoid muviri, nemvumi fibers vane transverse seva auditory nzira. Conduction basa zvinobva zvachose seri wouropi.

The cerebellum (shoma pfungwa)

Table "uropi, chidziro, basa" rinoratidza kuti cerebellum ndiye anokonzera Kufambisa uye muviri kufamba. Dhipatimendi iri riri seri zambuko. Cerebellum inowanzotaurwa nezvayo se "pfungwa diki". It inoremekedzwa ari posterior cranial fossa, nedhaimani serin'i cover. cerebellum anoyera kubvira 130 kusvika 160, pamusoro ndiye Hemisférios Cerebrais, izvo vanoparadzaniswa ne transverse slots. Rezasi Chikamu cerebellum ndiyo yakabatana medulla oblongata.

Pane zvakasiyana hemispheres mbiri, rezasi, rokumusoro nomumativi honye. Muganhu pakati pavo anonzi chinjikira pakakoromoka zvakadzama. A muzvizhinji kuti slits twi pamusoro cerebellum matete gyrus (rollers) vanoda therebetween. Pakati grooves vari kwapera mapoka kwoita zvidimbu, dzinomirira inorwara ari cerebellum (kumashure, Klotchkov-nodular, mberi).

Cerebellum rine musoro uye chena nyaya. Gray akatorwa pana arikunze, anoumba rimwe goko pamwe samolecular Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye peya-zvakaumbwa, uye granular rukoko. Pasi goko pane chena fuma kuti chinopinda ari gyrus. Munguva chena yacho pane blotches vachena (paro). Munguva noukama hwakadaro zvakafanana muti. Vaya vanoziva sechivako hwomunhu, madhipatimendi ayo basa, mhinduro nyore, kuti cerebellum - Kufambisa kudzora muviri wedu kufamba.

midbrain

The midbrain iri mune Anterior chikamu zambuko uye uende papillary miviri, uyewo optic turakiti. Kune nemuumbi kuunganidza nuclei, vanonzi colliculus. Marongerwo uye kushanda uropi (Table) inoratidza kuti dhipatimendi iri anokonzera nechivando chiratidzo, orienting dzepanguva, achipa dzidziso hunenge kuti kutarisana uye auditory kuitika, uye kutsigira mataurire tsandanyama dzemuviri.

Medulla: Rutsanga mugove

Medulla - wechisikigo kuwedzera musana. Ndokusaka mamiriro ine zvakawanda. Kunyanya zviri pachena kana tikaongorora chena nyaya zvakadzama. Kumirira chacho pfupi uye refu tsinga fibers. Muchimiro anoratidzwa pano nuclei pfumbu nyaya. mativi uropi uye mabasa avo (tafura pamusoro apa) kunoratidza kuti medulla oblongata Rinotarisira nepakati yedu, kufambisa, inodzora muviri, anotungamirira kufema uye kufamba kweropa. Uyewo anokonzera hunenge zvinokosha zvakadai muviri wedu, akafanana sneezing uye vangakosora, kurutsa.

Uropi hunde rakakamurwa pakanyorwa uye midbrain. The hunde anonzi svikiro, refu, zambuko uye midbrain. The chivako chacho - achiburukira uye vachikwira makwara unobva dhiramu pamwe musana uye pfungwa. Muchikamu ichi vari kuongororwa kuti mwoyo zvazvingava, kufema, zvakajeka kutaura.