Meadows: tsananguro, unhu. Zvinomera uye nevhu nemafashamo Mafuro

River mumipata, pagore dzinozara panguva mafashamo, muri makazara yepamusoro miriwo, izvo anoenda uswa. Meadow nguva dzose kwainzi chinhu chinokosha muupenyu yokumaruwa. Brigade uswa mowers zvinopa zvipfuwo zvose mumusha. Zvibereko vaiona kunyanya Mafuro uye uswa clippings pamusoro pavo - zvikuru zvinovaka muviri kuti mhuka.

pfungwa

Meadow, riri pedyo napedyo kusvika floodplain rwizi uye mvura yaro zvikazara nerimwe gore, akadana floodplain. Kana tikaenzanisa pamwe nedzimwe Mafuro, zvichaita kutarisa murombo pasi dzavaigara. Pane kashoma inokura vazhinji yemiti. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvachose mafashamo haisi zvinomera zvose.

Asi rakanaka mafuro uswa uye uswa kubva kumusoro, sezvo zvibereko. Rinewo kutsanangura. Mumwe nguva, apo mvura anoenda kure, floodplain Mafuro kuchizvivanza alluvial deposits, anonzi silt. It zvinogara nevhu, uye kuwedzera mwando akanaka kuti yakawanda uye nokukurumidza chirimwa kukura.

Zvichienderana apo floodplain wemarudzi ivhu dzingasiyana-siyana sezvamunoita. Asi kusafanana nedzimwe mhando mafuro, zvose ivhu rakaorera, inotsikwa zvakanaka ventilated. The rwizi mipata anogona dzinosiyana nemafashamo nemashoko.

Ya mafashamo

Zvichienderana nguva ipi mvura zvinobuda mabhanga, Mafuro akakamurwa:

• On kratkopoymennye, izvozvo nemafashamo kusvika 15 mazuva. Vari pedyo nzizi kana madziva maduku pamatunhu mabhanga.
• Srednepoymennye akafukidza nemvura kwenguva 15 kusvika 25 mazuva. mafuro ava yakajairika iri floodplains makuru zvitunha mvura.
• Dolgopoymennye Mafuro zvingava pasi nemvura mazuva 25 kana kupfuura. mhando kwakadaro zvinowanza uye dziri pedyo nenzizi huru.

Kubva panguva mafashamo kunoenderana yemakwenzi remubatanidzwa wakazadza floodplain kumafuro. Pane miti kuti zviri nyore kutakura refu teura. Izvi zvinosanganisira mubhedha uswa, Marsh chinzvimbo, mana munhuwo, trostnikovidnogo Canary uye nevamwe. Kutaura zvazviri, zvakasikwa kune marudzi yemakwenzi kuti angakudzivisai submergence kwemazuva 40-50 mazhinji kudaro.

By sredneustoychivomu kukura uswa, muzadze floodplain wemarudzi, vanosanganisira rutsanga uye wemarudzi fescue, zvinokambaira uye vakaberekwa apila, wemarudzi uswa uye nevamwe.

Pakati yakaderera nokutsiga mafashamo kwemiti vakawana ryegrass unodyarwa chemombe, tsvuku apila uye wemichero uswa.

Kupikiswa chando kumafuro miti

Zvose zvinomera floodplain Mafuro zvinogona rakakamurwa mhando hardiness:

• Very husingakwanisi nechando - brome, Siberian mhuka rye, hofori hwakakungwa uswa, Mubhedha uswa, Beckmann vanhuwo, fescue, apila uye chemombe tsvuku.
• Herbs husingakwanisi inotonhora, - ochadhi Timoti, tsvuku fescue, Lotus corniculatus uye nevamwe.
• Srednezimostoykie miti - fescue, vakaberekwa chemombe, tsvuku apila, wemichero uswa.
• Malozimostoykie uswa - mafuro uye mnogoukosny ryegrass.

Mukuru makwenzi, uye saka uwandu uye unhu uswa Mafuro yakadyarwa akaomarara mhando zvinomera. Asi kunyange pasi chaizvo tembiricha izvi kana mukuru rukoko echando kunogona kuva nengozi uye kunogona kukanganisa yauinayo.

Riverine chikamu floodplain

By nzvimbo mhando akakamurwa mvura-mafuro murwizi mubhedha, uye pakati chikamu nechepakati floodplain.

Riverine chikamu riri pedyo napedyo kurwizi mubhedha. Kazhinji anopindura chiduku kanyika nyika ine jecha emadhaka. Best mu riverine floodplains kukura bota. Uyewo, chidimbu ichi chinogona kukamurwa 3 mhando:

1. High pamwero - kumafuro, riri kana musango kana zvemapuranga zvinonyadzisa huswa (poreznik, cowparsnip) kana inowanzorimwa mapazi apo musanganiswa kunoitika kubva wemarudzi rekushongedzesa, makwenzi uye inowanzorimwa vamiririri (bulrush, Tonkonogov, tiptsa nevamwe).
2. Floodplain kumafuro avhareji. Apa pane rekushongedzesa, bhinzi, bota inokosha broadleaf.
3. yakaderera Meadows. Vari kuzivikanwa dampness, iyo yakaita vakawanda pyreyu, bentgrass chena, Kentucky bluegrass, Beckmann, Canary uye nevamwe.

Riverine nomumatondo yakanyanyobatsira akakodzera kukura rhizomatous rekushongedzesa uye amburera ine zvakanaka dzakabudirira midzi.

Mafuro nechepakati floodplain

Ndicho kupfuura kunharaunda zvikazara Mafuro, uye riri kunze murwizi nzvimbo. Heano rakajairika jecha-ivhu deposits vaine maonero kukuru wemiriwo. Sezvo munzvimbo dzinenge ruzere, ivo vanowanzoodzwa kusava mwando, iyo inotungamira kuti panzvimbo yakaderera kukura uswa.

Pano vazhinji zvikure ryhlokustovye rekushongedzesa: Timoti, ryegrass varefu, wemarudzi fescue, wemichero uswa, wemarudzi foxtail, zvakajairika hwakakungwa uye nevamwe. Vamwe vavo, akadai foxtail, ipai 2 zvirimwa por mwaka, izvo zvinoita kuti kuunganidza 20 kusvika 50 centners inokonzerwa pa hectare. Perennial plants zvose izvi zviri akura panzvimbo imwe kwemakore anosvika 10-15, achipa yakakwirira zvadzinofura goho gore negore.

Nepakati uchingodzikira pachiyero floodplain

Meadows, riri pakati chikamu floodplain, vanonzi zvakanakisisa panyaya goho uye unhu uswa. Kakawanda unogona kusangana naTimoti uswa, kumafuro uye tsvuku fescue, Kentucky bluegrass uye foxtail. Legume mhuri, unogona kuwana tsvuku chemombe, matsvuku apila, vetch, chinzvimbo, Lotus corniculatus. Wemakwenzi - buttercup, Geranium wemarudzi, cornflower, bedstraw, Daisy, yarrow nezvimwe. Akadaro kusiyana kwemarudzi nokuda kuti zvikuru yakakwirira zviri silt muvhu, iyo rinopedza mushure kurega mvura.

Nokuti kuderedza chechetere mafashamo (nearterrace mapazi) anozivikanwa dzegirini, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti waterlogging uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange paumbwe peat anezvimiti.

Pano ivhu haana aeration zvakadai mune dzimwe mhando mafashamo pachena Mafuro, saka tinogona kusangana mumatenhere aya the willow, alder, rukato nezvinokambaira rukato. Zvakanaka-vaiita "vanonzwa" mu izvi munzvimbo nechipiriso - deveteve bluegrass, wemarudzi foxtail, pickerel turfy, zvinokambaira bentgrass.

Kana mamiriro zvemhoteredzo kubvumidza, ivo floodplains ose chinjiri anogona kuwanikwa vazhinji hygrophytes - petsanga, nerutsanga, nomudonzvo, donje uswa.

moorland

Waterlogged Mafuro yemanyorero riri muzvinhu zvikuru nemafashamo apo mvura zvingava 50 kusvika 95 mazuva. Ivo dzinoratidzwa glei peaty ivhu, umo mvura pamwero inogona kusvika kusvika 2 M uye zvakawanda. Mushure mafashamo, nzvimbo iyi inogara zvikuru moisturized kwenguva refu. Kakawanda unogona kusangana kwemarudzi aya zvinomera:

• Zviyo: rutsanga Canary, wemarudzi foxtail, pickerel turfy, sag mana uye kumafuro bunting.
• Rekushongedzesa: anovava zvakarungwa, Chickweed bota, porucheynik, wakakanganwa-ini-Marsh, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla zvakananga uye ulmaria meadowsweet.
• Pakati mhando petsanga: mhunga, gava, tsuro, chenjera uye mangwanani.

Nekuda izvi waterlogged Mafuro kashoma kushandiswa zvigare, uswa paaikura miriwo vari yakakodzera uye yakakwirira muviri ukoshi.

Care floodplain kumafuro

Chero hunhu floodplain paMaare nokuda nzvimbo kana nguva nemafashamo vanofanira kuvandudza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya zvinomera pakati uye yokumusoro nzvimbo floodplain. Nyanzvi ruzivo vanoziva kuti 30% kubva Mafuro kugara apila uye uswa. Kuti tiwedzere kukura kwavo, vanopedza ambopinda pane vaviri pamakwara, umo panguva imwe tora marara uye kuenzaniswa anorovera.

Kuita basa iri inokurudzirwa pakarepo mushure mvura yakanga yaserera. Kuri kuti pashure mafashamo pane ichiwedzerwa kukura rekushongedzesa havafaniri ambopinda, uye zviri nani kufamba basa iri mushure haymaking.

Cheka uswa kokutanga zvakakodzera pamberi maruva, sokunge kuti kuita kudaro apo kuri kuenda, ipapo pakupedzisira Meadow kuderedza kuwanda kwemarudzi ayo.

Kana kushandiswa dvuhukosnuyu michina, pakutanga chekawo zvakafanira kusiya madzinde 4-5 masendimita kureba, apo rechipiri -. 6-7 masendimita Izvi achabvumira miti kuchengetedza kufadza zvinovaka muviri kuti uchingounganidza panzvimbo dzapasi chikamu hunde kuti nyore uchatamisa nechando.

Fotereza floodplain Mafuro

Zvinofanira kuitwa fetiraiza muvhu kuvandudza uye negoho floodplain paMaare. Izvi zvichaita kwete chete chiwedzere kukura uswa, asi kukanganisa kwayo muviri ehupfumi. Fetiraiza kuchabatsira kugadzirisa ubereke, kubva gore negore kuchaita chete kukura, uye kuti zvirimwa zvakawanda nemishonga kwakaomarara dzinongoitika zvinhu.

Maererano nenyanzvi, dzose kushanda phosphate uye potashi fetiraiza ari 2-3 makore okutanga kunowedzera zvibereko matani 0.5 paminiti hectare. Mushure rechishanu gore nhamba avhareji 2.6 t / Ha. It rinozivikanwa yakakura pulses increment iyo kuvandudza ivhu senitrogen Kuda kutamba, iyo inowedzera kukura ezviyo uye rekushongedzesa.