Metropolitan - Metropolitan nayo ... Russian Chechi

Metropolitan - wakagadzwa refu chinzvimbo mukereke yechiKristu. Pamutemo kutaurwa rokutanga rokuti akanyorwa magwaro I Ecumenical Council, yakaitirwa paNicaea muna 325. Zvakanzi zvekare akarayira nzvimbo yake vakuru vakuru.

Kereke akanyatsorongwa

In hweRoma, guta guru repurovhinzi rinonzi Metropolitan. Bhishopi, ane dhipatimendi, kuti ndiwo yaaigara ari archdiocese rinonzi Metropolitan.

Metropolitan - ndiyo inonyanya wenyaya Bishop. A bhishopu (kutungamirira, nadsmatrivayuschy) zvinozoita ane yepamusoro dhigirii upristi rechitatu pashure mudhikoni uye mukuru (aka Priest, aka Fr). Naizvozvo, Bishop unowanzonzi bhishopu. "Arch" - chimedu vabva mutauro wechiGiriki uye kunoratidza yakakwirira Ecclesiastical chinzvimbo. Mabhishopu ose dioceses runodzorwa uye vanoteerera Metropolitan. Kana diocese rakanga guru, mabhishopi kana mabhishopi, dzichengete nayo, makadanirwa Archbishops. The Russian Church Orthodox ichi nomukurumbira rokuremekedza kuva wakarurama shure Metropolitan.

zvekunze misiyano

Izvi yepamusorosoro Ecclesiastical pamisara tarisa zvakasiyana ngowani - Hood. Mabhishopu vanopfeka vatema, archbishops - Black aine muchinjikwa chakagadzirwa nezvakasiyana anokosha uye namabwe, uye mabhishopi vanopfeka Hoods chena aine muchinjikwa chete. Vakasiyana, uye nejasi. Saka, mabhishopi uye archbishops vari yepepuru kana matsvuku, Metropolitan - zvitema, Patriarch akapfeka jasi zvakasvibirira. In Akapiwa ose remabhishopu rakatanga nguvo dema. Metropolitan - ichi honorary rokuremekedza. Basa kwakadaro rokuremekedza iri mhando mubayiro, insignia, achipa mabasa ake. The Russian Orthodox Church Sanov archbishops uye mabhishopi anoremekedzwa mabhishopi oga dhigirii pamberi chechi. Ivo vanopiwa uye hurefu.

Chimwe chezvinhu yekare

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Metropolitan - ndiye mukuru musoro mukereke yechiKristu. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi dzeChechi vanodavira kuti mabhishopi vaiva vaapostora, vamwe zvinosanganisira kwaita chepasi ichi II remakore, apo paiva kudiwa centralization chechechi. Uye mugore 325 uye 341 pamusoro neDare maBhishopu of San akanga achangobva kugadzwa zvachose. Masimba kunge vakanyorwa, izvo yekudyidzana yakawedzera vhoriyamu. Zvose zviri pamutemo uye mitemo, hazvifaniri dzinopfuura kukonzera chero gakava. Cathedral of Toledo, yakaitirwa 589, kunyange zvakawanda rakatsaurirwa mutemo yemo - zvino aigona kuranga omurume mabhishopi. Kazhinji, dzidziso dzechiKristu rakaumbwa pamusoro Councils IV - VIII emakore. Zvinotevera makore haana kuuya chero kuchinja.

wokutanga

Rus akabhabhatidzwa pakupera X remakore, apo Prince Vladimir Mukuru. Kazhinji, inoti kuti mugore 988, asi vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika call 991. Uyewo, hapana yakarurama mashoko pazuva rokutanga Metropolitan pamusoro Kiev. Asi kubva XVI remakore zvinofungirwa kuti aiva Michael. Aivawo zita muSiriya, nekuti akanga ane dzinza kana muGiriki, kana muSiria.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Metropolitan Michael nemamongi, uyo akasvika naye, ndarama-domed Michael uye Kyiv Mezhegorsky dzemamongi dzakavakwa. Championship pakurwisa Metropolitan Leonty, vamwe mabhuku vanoti yaiva yake Metropolitan yokutanga musi wacho Board - makore 992-1008. Ipapo Theophylact, John I, Feopemt, Kirill I vavaGiriki vakauya. Musi bhodhi neimwe akapikisana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vose vaiva vatorwa.

Russian rokutanga

Uye chete nokubvuma chinzvimbo ichi muna 1051 uye vakatonga chechi kusvikira 1054, Metropolitan Hilarion (Rusin) aiva compatriot. Akafa munenge 1088. Kereke yaakakufambisa panguva Yaroslava Mudrogo. Akudzwa somusande - muChechi yeOrthodox ndiyo tsvene episcopal chinzvimbo. Ndiye muvambi rinonzi "Shoko Mutemo uye Nyasha," akanyora muna 1030-1050, ukuwo. Uyezve, akanyora, "Prayer", "KUREURURA Faith".

Metropolitan Hilarion akanyorawo kurumbidzwa Yaroslav vachenjeri. Very zviduku chokuita noupenyu Hilarion, asi mu "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years" rinoratidza kuti pakuvaka Kiev-Pechersk Lavra akatanga muna 1051, kureva, paitonga Hilarion. Muna Novgorod II Chronicle rinoti muna 1054 ari Metropolitan wenyika Kiev akava yaEfuremu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pakarepo pashure porufu rwake muna 1054 na Yaroslav Mudrogo Illarion akanga abviswa.

The mutsvene uye chishamiso mushandi

Zvinokosha chaizvo mufananidzo munhau yeRussian Church Orthodox aiva Metropolitan seizvi Alexy. Ndiye aiva musande aive maviri rakakurumbira Moscow uye All Russia, Yemadzitateguru evaIsraeri - Alexis I (Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky, Patriarch kubvira muna 1945 kusvika 1970), uye seizvi Alexy II (Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, Patriarch kubvira muna 1990 kusvika 2008).

Vachibva kumhuri boyar, mwanakomana Fodora Byakonta, akatanga mhuri dzinoverengeka vanokudzwa akadai Pleshcheev uye Ignatiev. All Russia wezvishamiso uye mutsvene Moscow (somusande makore 50 pashure pokufa kwake), Metropolitan seizvi Alexy achiri mupenyu kubudirira zvikuru kubudirira sezvo yokutungamirira anokunyengedzera Wenyika. Naye vaionekwa muna Duchy pamusoro Lithuania uye Horde, naye akanga kuonana, uye mumwe mhando - Alexis Hanshi Taydulu akaporeswa kubva chirwere ziso. Kubva 1354 akagadzwa kuti nzvimbo bhishopi weConstantinople, Metropolitan pakati Kyiv uye All Rus Elevferiy Fodorovich Byakont (munyika) yaiva mumunda ichi kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1378. Yaakasimbisa dzemamongi dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Chudov wemamongi muna Kremlin. The Kremlin pacharo kana akatanga kuvaka ari ibwe. Kunze wemamongi, iye akavamba Spaso-Andronikasi, Simonov, Vvedensky Episcopal uye Serpukhov dzemamongi. Akanyora mabasa akawanda ezvitendero. Zvisaririra tsvene wezvishamiso muna 1947 zvaitambidzwa Bloch Epiphany Cathedral muMoscow, apo vanovandira nanhasi.

Metropolitan-vomunyika

Kubva nguva dzekubhabhatidzwa Russia uye XIV remakore, nyika yaiva imwe Metropolitan, musoro iyo anogadzwa Constantinople. Zvechokwadi, kazhinji akatuma mabhishopi havana Russian. Machinda kuona pamusoro this post vomunyika, nekuti kare muna 1589 wakatangwa muna muRussia patriarchate, mabhishopi akamira musoro wekereke akanyatsorongwa, uye zvikuru vairarama pavo. Musoro Kiev chechi yokutanga Russian aiva Clement (Smolyatich, paitonga 1147-1156). Zvadaro muhofisi vaivawo vaGiriki, uye vokuBulgaria. Asi kubva pakutonga Theodosius (1461-1464), umo vakatanga nenguva chechi zvizere autocephaly National panguva musoro wayo dzaiwanzova Russian mabhishopi, uyo kubva panguva iyoyo pakuzivikanwa se "Moscow uye All Russia."

A akakurumbira mutungamiri chechi uye munyori uyo akasiya chinokosha mabhuku nhaka, Theodosius (Byvaltsev) Inozivikanwa nokuti yokutanga Moscow Metropolitan akagadza muchinda Russian uye kwete Patriarch weConstantinople. Ndiyo kereke soro chinzvimbo wokuRussia Orthodox Church - Metropolitan of Moscow, pamberi akabvumirwa patriarchate kubva ushe Theodosius achiri akapfeka Philip I uye Gerontius, Zosima naSimoni. Zvino dzoro zvakanzi paakavapa Barlaam uye Daniel, Joseph uye Macarius, Athanasius uye Philip II, Kirill, Antony uye Dhionisio. Moscow Metropolitan Jobho akanga atova uye vokutanga Patriarch.