Mhando dzakanakisisa dzepari muBelrusrus: kudzokorora, agrotechnics, kugovera

Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yenyika haigoni kunzi yakakosha yekurima madzimai minda - mapeari. Vabatsiri vari kushanda pakuvandudza michero iripo uye kuisa zvitsva. Mhando ye mapeji muBelrusrus, se, zvechokwadi, kwose kwose, yakasiyana maererano nekutsvaga, chibereko chemichero nezvimwe zvinhu. Kuisa Zona kunokubvumira kuti upiwe zvakanakisisa kukohwa mune imwe nzvimbo.

Peari

Kutaura kwepeari kunogona kuwanika mumabhuku ekare eRussia, echitanhatu chezana remakore rechigumi. Nhasi mhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvemiti yemiti iyi yemichero inokurudzirwa munyika yose. Chimwe nechimwe chine maitiro ayo, ayo anokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika, mamiriro okunze, ivhu, mvura. Rudo rweparari ndeyechokwadi chinonyatsozivikanwa, asi vakabereka vakakwanisa kuburitsa marudzi akange akaiswa zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora.

Mamwe marudzi emaperesi muBelrusrus (kubvunzurudzwa kwevarimi nevarimi vemasimu vanosimbisa izvi), nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, dzinobereka kukohwa kwakakwana. Zvibereko zvinonaka uye zvinonaka zvine nguva yekukura uye kufara vadzidzisi veminda kubva muvhiki yekupedzisira yaJuly kusvikira pakupera kwaNovember.

Pears muBelarus

Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, zvakanakisisa zvakasiyana zvemaperesi zveBelarus zvave zvichikohwa nevabatsiri vezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvezesayenzi. Pakati pavo ndeye All-Russian Research Institute yeHorticulture (Michurinsk), yeBelarusian Research Institute yeHorticulture, iyo TSHA. Parizvino, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabudirira kupedza miedzo uye dzakakurudzirwa kukura mumamiriro ekunze enyika yacho inowanikwa kuvaridzi vezvokudya.

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:

1. Kubva Muduku:

• Lipensky.
• Lada.
• Mhou yaAugust.
• Skorospelka kubva kuMichurinsk.

2. Vana vekupedzisira:

• Chizhovskaya.
• Rogneda.
• Dukhmyanaya.
• Mamiriro okunze.

3. Kupera:

• Efimova akachenjera.
• Kuyeuka Zhegalov.
• Caramel.

4. Zuva:

• Belarusian nguva.
• Etude of Kiev.
• Kirghiz winter.
• November.

Miti iyi inofananidzwa zvakanakisisa kune mamiriro emamiriro enyika, zvishoma nezvishoma zvirwere kune zvirwere zvekare - Bessemyanka kana Tonkovetka. Kuzivikanwa kweparari kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyange zvazvo kushaya ruzivo pamusoro pezvinobudirira zvinobudirira zvekubereka kunobata. Havasi vese vemizambiringa vanoziva nezvezvinhu zvitsva, haasi nguva dzose mukana wokutenga zvinhu. Izvo zvipfeko zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana, zvinokwanisika kusarudza dzakasiyana-siyana zvakakodzera nzvimbo yacho. Kuzvipira, kurwisa zvirwere uye kukodzera kuenderana kune mamiriro ekunze kunotibvumira kuti tisangotaura kwete nezvemunda wekunamatira, asiwo nezvekugadzirwa kwemashizha emabhizimisi kumaodzanyemba kweBelarus.

Kurongwa

Masayendisiti anosarudza mapeari pazvikonzero zvakawanda. Basic:

1. Shandisa:

• Kushongedza - kwakanakisisa kwemaharaki emapaki neminda, michero haidyi, asi maitiro anoita mukukwirira kwemavara;
• Zvibereko, zvakare, zvinogona kuva:

• Teknolojia - inoshandiswa mumakambani ezvokudya kuitira kushandiswa;
• Dessert kana canteen - idya yakachena;
• Zvose - zvakakodzera kuti zvose zvigadziriswe uye zvinoshandiswa mumutauro mutsva.

2. Nheyo dzekusimudza:

• Zhizha kana kutanga-kukohwa kuguma kwaJuly - kutanga kwaAugust;
• Autumn kana muvhareji - kukohwa munaSeptember-October;
• Zuva kana nguva-zvibereko zvinosvika pakukura kunogona kubviswa mukati mekwenda.

3. Fetal size:

• Makuru-fruited - 200-500 gramu kana kupfuura;
• Avhareji - 80-200 gramu;
• Small-fruited - 30-80 gm;

4. Chikamu chekuoma kwechando:

• Usina kupikisa, usapisa kunyange pamusana wekupisa -30-35 ⁰ C;
• Haisi nguva yechando;

5. Kuswa kwechibereko:

• Sweet;
• Wakanaka uye wakasviba;
• Tart-inorwa (izvi zvinofadza zvinowanikwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvepa tannin mu peel).

6. Mhando yekugadzirisa:

• Kuzvimiririra - kunogadzirisa zvibereko zvakasimba;
• Kwete kuzvidzora-inoda mupollinator wemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.

Agrotechnics

Ita mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana muBelrusrus dzinoda kutarisirwa kwakafanana nemiti yakakura kune dzimwe mamiriro okunze. Agrotechnics inosanganisira mapeji akawanda:

1. Kuenda. Iyo ivhu rakanakisisa ndiro loamy uye ivhu rakajeka nemvura yakadzika pasi. Kusvuta doro. Iyi nzvimbo inotonhora uye isina simba. Nyanzvi dzinobvumira kugadzika kwekunaya, asi kurudzira kupera-kupera kwaSeptember.

2. Kuwedzera fertilizing. Mumugodhi wekudyara, kusvika kune 10 kg yemuyo wakaora unoshandiswa (unogona manyowa), 50 gramu ye superphosphate uye 30 gramu ye potassium munyu. Makore mana ekutanga pasi pomuti inounza nitrogen fertilizer uye kamwechete nenguva inowedzera potassium pamusoro kupfeka. Kubvira mugore rechishanu, zvose fertilizer zvakabatanidzwa muhombe dzakagadzirwa pamwe nechepamusoro pekorona.

3. Kunwisa. Mbeu dzechidiki dzinonwa mvura kamwechete pavhiki, zvakakwana imwe bhaketi. Munzvimbo inotonhora yakaoma, zvinowanzoitika uye nguva zhinji yekudiridza zvinowedzera.

4. Korona kutema. Iyo inoitwa kunze kwegore nekupura, bvisa matavi akafanana uye ari kukura, achifupisa kwenguva refu. Zvikamu zvezvikamu zvinobatwa nebindu crock kana kupwanyika marara.

Mukuwedzera, basa rinosungirwa rinoitwa kuti ridzivirire zvirwere, kucheneswa kwehutsanana, tillage, nekudziya (kana zvichidikanwa).

Zoned varies

Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kweperesi muBelrusrus inokura pamhuri dzakawanda dzepamba uye mune zvekutengesa minda. Nyaya dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzakanyorwa muchati chekugadza.

Zuva

Mhando dzezhizha dzezhizha muBelrusrus, dzakazviratidza zvakanaka mumunda wenyika, ndeyikuti:

1. Duchesse ichando . Kufanana nezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvepurairi muBelrusrus, zvibereko zvizhinji muAugust. Chiremera chechibereko chinenge kusvika ma gramu makumi mana, iyo inonaka inotapira, nyoro, yakachengetwa zvakashata, inopfuura mavhiki maviri. Pulp yakanaka-yakakonzerwa, yakasviba, peel matte yellow yellow. Fruiting inotora makore 7-8, iyo inobvumira chisvosvu zvakanaka, inopesana nekoko.

2. Elegant Efimova . Inodzokorora zhizha-nguva yekupedzisira yemaperesi muBelarus. Mugumisiro wekuyambuka kweClupp naTokovetki. Zvibereko zvegore rechisere, zvinopa kugadzikana kwezvibereko mukutanga kwaSeptember. Zvibereko zvinorema kusvika magiramu 120, greenish-yellow. Yakawanda peyari yakafukidzwa nehupamhi tsvuku tsvuku. Pulp inotapira-inotapira, zvishoma, yakasviba-yakasviba, yakachena. Chengetera kwemavhiki maviri. Miti inonyatsomira kurwisana, inopesana neganda.

Autumn

Kubvamo zvakasiyana siyana mapeari muBelrusrus (mifananidzo yemichero inogona kuonekwa pasi) inobereka kukohwa kubva pakutanga kweSeptember kusvika kuNovember. Vanopfuurirwa zviri nani mukuenzanisa nezhizha. Kuunganidza kunotorwa nokukurumidza (kwete mazuva anopfuura 6-7), kusvikira kurasikirwa kwechimiro chinogoneka uye kunonaka. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana:

1. Chizhovskaya. Kubudirira kwemakore 3-4, kunozivikanwa nezvibereko zvakakura. Kurema kwezvibereko kunosvika ku 140 gramu. Ganda raMatt rinotapira, rakatsvuka, pane bhudzi duku. Tora ye peari yakasviba-inotapira, nyama yakatsvuka kana yakachena, midzi juiciness. Yakaunganidzwa pakupera kwaAgasti, yakachengetwa kusvika kumwedzi mitatu. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinorega kuvhiringidza zvisina kunaka mumamiriro ekunze, kusanaya kwechando.

2. Ndizvo Maria chete. Kubereka zvibereko kunotanga pagore rechitatu, zvibereko zvinogara zvakasimba. Makuru, akayera kusvika magiramu 190 emichero nemafuta akaoma. Ganda racho rakatonhora nekanyoro katsvuku. Kurwisana nezvipembenene uye zvirwere, kwete kutya kwechando. Kukohwa muvhuvhu, zvibereko zvinogona kuramba zviripo kusvika munaNovember.

Zuva

Nguva yechando mapearimi muBelrusrus inowanzozivikanwa nevarimi vemamiti. Chimwe chikamu chezvibereko zvemarudzi akadaro ndiko kuchengetedza kwazvo (unogona kuchengeta kusvikira gore). Zvibereko zvinoedza kuunganidza zvakapedzisira zvigoneka, asi panguva imwechete kudzivisa kudirwa kwavo. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana, akawanda akashandurwa kune mamiriro enyika:

1. Kirghiz winter. Anopa chigarire chakasimwa zvibereko zvemakore 6-7. Chengetedza mapepa anotanga muvhiki yekutanga yeOctober, achiri gorosi, ane bhenje bhenje. Kurema kunosvika magiramu 250. Kuzadza muviri kwakakwana munaDisemba, ganda rinova rakatsvuka, uye bhuru rinopenya. Zvibereko zvine unhu hwakanaka, zvinonhuwira zvinofadza, maspiringa akachena, ane jira. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakachengeteka zvinorega kuvhuvhuta nekusanaya kwemvura, zvinopesana neganda.

2. Belarusian nguva. Zvibereko zvegore rechishanu. Mafuta akawanda, kusvika kune makirogirini 90 kubva pamuti, anopa gore rechigumi. Zvibereko zvinorema zviyero zvema gramu, zvinotapira nechisimba chinozorodza. Iyo mahwende yakasviba, yakachena, ine mafuta mashoma. Inokodzera kushandiswa kubva munaOctober kusvika February. Ingapedzisa kusvikira muna May (mumakamuri okutonhora). Ganda iri rakasviba, rakaipa, maruva-machena, dzimwe nguva rakaputirwa nejaspiberi tsvina. Kushungurudzika kwemhepo yakasiyana-siyana, kusingagadziriswa nenyuchi, kunozivikanwa mukati uye kumaodzanyemba kwenyika.

Mitsva yakasiyana

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakapararira muBelarus zvishoma nezvishoma zvinorasikirwa nekudzivisa zvirwere. Sare Slutsk, Oleaginous, Belarusian munguva yemakore nemafuta uye yakasvibira echando massively sczed scab. Masayendisiti haafariri kungobudisa zvitsva zvitsva, asiwo kugadzirisa nyika dzave ikozvino kuwanikwa kune mamiriro ekunze. Kuyeuka kwaJakovlev, Chizhovskaya, Severyanka ndeyemhando dzakatangwa.

Muna 2005, itsva "pear-dwellers" yeBelarus yakawedzerwa:

1. Lagoon - hybrid ye 81-13 / 64. Anopa nguva yekukohwa kwegore rechina. Zvibereko zvinorema kusvika magiramu 150 zvinomera kumavira kwaAugust, marara acho ane jira, anotapira uye ane muto, akaoma, ane unhu hwakanaka hwekunhuhwira. Peel yegorosi ine mavara machena. Akaunganidzwa pakupera kwaAugust, akachengetwa kusvika masvondo matatu.

2. Kunakidza ndekuchera 5/20. Miti yemichero kwemakore 5-6, kukohwa kwakanyatsogadzikana, nemakore achikura. Zvibereko zvinorema kusvika magiramu 120, peel rough, shiny, iyo yakafukidzwa muhafu yepiri yaSeptember, ruvara-ruvara, shure kwekuibva (mushure memasvondo matatu) - goridhe yellow. Nyama ine nyoro, inotapira uye inovava, inonhuhwirira.

Vintage

IBelarusian Research Institute yezvibereko Kukura kunopa maapuro uye mapear marudzi muBelrusrus anonyatsozadzisa zvidikanwi zvevarimi nevashandi vezvokudya. Munguva yebasa (kubvira muna 1925), nyanzvi dzadzidza kupfuura masampu 1000 emhando dzakasiyana.

Kusarudzwa uye kukurudzirwa kumigwagwa yekugadza kunobereka kukohwa kwakanaka. Rakanga raive muna 2006-2007 uye muna 2009-2010, apo chibereko chakanaka chakasvika 61 000 tani.

Shandisa

Pears inowanzoshandiswa yakachena. Zvibereko zvine zvakawanda mavitamini nemaminera. Vanachiremba vanokurudzira sechinhu chikafu chekudya uye nehuwandu hwezvakori uye shuga. Kubva kune michero yekubika michero, jams, jams, kukohwa michero yakaomeswa. Kushandiswa kukuru kwepari kunowanikwa mukubika. Uye izvi hazvisi chete dessert ndiro - chibereko chinonyatsobatanidzwa nemiti yemhuka.

Wood ine unhu hwakasiyana-siyana - haisi zvachose huri pasi pekuchinja. Architects vanoshandisa vatongi vakaitwa peariti. Zvinhu zvakanaka zvemukati uye midziyo, yakagadzirwa nevhu rakasvibirira mapepa, rinotarisa mari, sekunge kubva kune ebony.