Chii chiri kushandura mbeu? Kutarisa michero yakarimwa: mienzaniso

Pasi pano pane nhamba huru yemiti yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe acho anoshandiswa nemunhu mune zvokudya. Vamwe vanoshumira sezvishongedzo zvezvivakwa uye nzvimbo dzomuguta. Muchikamu chino, ngatitaurire pamusoro pekuti zvinomera zvakatsva ndezvipi. Zita nezita iwe unogona kufungidzira kuti ava ndivo vamiririri vemiti yakashandiswa pakugadzira micheka.

Zvinhu Zvikuru

Kutaura zvazviri, kusvibira mbeu mumasikirwo kune zvakawanda - zvinopfuura 600 marudzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, tsvuku dzakasviba uye dzakaoma zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvipfeko. Uye hakusi iyo mhando dzakawanda dzakadaro panyika - dzinenge makumi maviri.

Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipembenene zvose zvinoshandiswa ndezvekuvapo kwezvirimwa uye zvinogadzira zvinoshandisa fiber uye mafuta. Iko kune mapoka matatu anotevera maitiro ayo kushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvakaparadzaniswa (urongwa hwezvirimwa uye maitiro avo anopiwa pasi apa):

• Lubovoloknistye. Mune vamiririri vemhuka iyo fiber inowanikwa mukati megwenzi uye inomiririra masero akabatanidzwa akaunganidzwa nematombo. Iri boka rinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, mbeu dzakadai seflakisi, kenaf, jute.
• Zvakanaka kufema tsika. Muchiitiko ichi, fiber iyi yakareba (20-50 mm) mbeu yesero. Iri boka rinosanganisira kamba yakakurumbira.
• Leafy-fiber. Mumiti yakadaro, masero marefu anowanikwa mumashizha (New Zealand pikisi, bhanza remastile, sisal).

Kuvapo kwemasero e-fibrous ndiyo imwe chete inoshandiswa iyo michero inoshandiswa inogona kusanganiswa muboka guru. Mune zvimwe zvose zvinoparadzaniswa zvachose kune mumwe nemumwe vamiririri vemafuta, vari vezvikwata zvakasiyana, zvisikwa uye subspecies.

Vamiriri vemhuri yeflakisi

Uyezve, tichakurukura kuti zvii zvimwe zvezvinyatsozivikanwa zvakasvibira zvinomera zvakasiyana. Uye tanga ne flax. Iro genus Linum inosanganisira vanomiririra vanopfuura 200. Zvisinei, mhando imwe chete inorimwa mumutauro - ruzivo rwese, runosanganisira mashanu subspecies. MuRussia vanokura muEurasian dolgun. Inopa fiber yakareba uye yakakosha zvikuru. Mamwe marudzi e dolguntsy anokurudzirwa pano munyika yedu semafuta emafuta.

Nzira yekugadzira micheka yerineni?

Saka, zvose zvinoshandura mbeu dzakarimwa, mienzaniso yeiyo ichapiwa pasi apa, inoshandiswa pakuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepurasitiki. Izvo zvinoenderana nefikisi. Kuti uwane matanho, mashizha akaiswa mukati memvura kwenguva yakareba - kusati kwatanga kupera. Misi yakasara yakareba yakavharwa uye inobvumirwa kubudisa micheka. Nguvo dzeLinen dzakanyanya kufadza kumubata kupfuura kamba yezuva ranhasi, inogara yakasimba. Zvisinei, zvakanyanya kuoma kuita chigadziko chakaitwa nemicheka yakadaro, nokuti iri nyore kwazvo kubvarura. Kusvika panguva ino, Ireland ndeyo mugadziri mukuru wekusvina firk uye micheka kubva mairi.

Cotton: zvikamu zvehupenyu

Flax haisi iyo chete yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kubudisa micheka pamucheka. Kukurudzirwa munyika yedu, kusanganisira dzimwe mimwe mitambo inotenderera. Yakawanda ndeyekotoni. Uyezve, nhasi iyo ndiyo inonyanya kushandura tsika munyika yedu uye pasi rose. Kuzivikanwa kwakadaro kunotsanangurwa nekunaka kwekuwana fiber, zvibereko zvayo zvakakura uye zvibereko zvakakura zvemuti pachako pachako. Iyi tsika inoreva mhuri yeMalvian. Miti yakakura inogona kusvika kune yakakwirira kupfuura masendimita 180. Mashizha emichero yekotoni yakasvibira inobudirira kumucheto wepamusoro we stem ndokubva pairi pachigadziko chekunze. Pavari, uye ikure maruva, ayo anowedzera zvibereko zve "bhokisi". Ikokupedzisira inogadziriswa uye inoputika pamashure apo ichibhururuka. Muchiitiko ichi, ikotoni inowoneka - mafivha akareba akafukidza mbeu yemuti.

Kukohwa kwezvirimwa izvi zvinogona kuitwa zvose nemaoko uye magetsi. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, mashizha acho anobviswa kubva kumitiro nekubatsirwa kwemakemikari.

Hemp

Kunewo mamwe maitiro anozivikanwa anochera mbeu. Hemp is one of them. Iyi tsika inoreva mhuri ye heterozygous dioecious. Miti yevarume neyevakadzi inopesana muurongwa hwezvibereko zvekubereka nemaruva. Mukuwedzera, yechipiri ine nguva yakareba yezvirimwa.

Kufanana nekotoni firk, hemp inokura pane fiber uye mafuta. Yokutanga inowanikwa kubva kumatemu, yechipiri kubva kumbeu. Mafuta anoshandiswa pakugadzira micheka yakagadzirirwa kushambidza nguo dzakashanda, kusunga tambo, nezvimwewo. Hemp uye mafuta zvinogadzirwa nemafuta .

Kusvika iye zvino, zvakanyanya kufanana ndezvemhando mbiri dzekutsvaga dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Kuita michina nemafuta, hemp inoshandiswa. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasimwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia kuitira kuti dziwane zvinodhaka kubva pamashizha.

Kuunganidza hemp pamiti yakasvibirira inotanga nekukura kukuru kwemiti yemurume. Madzimai izvi zvinotanga zvishoma gare gare. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvinogadziriswa zvakarongedzwa nehurefu uye hutema uye zvinotumirwa kunowedzera, kazhinji mune zvakagadziriswa zvakagadzirwa zvigadziriswa. Nguva yenguva iyi inoenderana zvakakwana nekupisa kwemvura. Muchikamu chinotonhora chinotora inenge sevhiki, muchitonho - mumatumba - kusvika kumavhiki maviri kana matatu.

Kufanana nefrikisi, fiber ye cannabis mushure mekunyorovesa mishonga inoparadzaniswa nyore nyore. Asi iwe haugoni kumira matanho mumvura. Kuora kunobatsira zvikuru kuderedza kunaka kwezvinhu zvakaguma.

Kenaf

Iko kune zvishoma zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvakasimwa mbeu dzakarimwa. Mienzaniso yemhando dzakadaro ndiff uye jute. Iyo fiber yekutanga inoshandiswa kunyanya pakugadzira zvikwereti uye tambo. Munguva yakapfuura, michina yemiti iyi, pamwe nemiti yakagadzirwa kubva kwavari, yakatengeswa kuRussia kunyanya kubva kuIndia. Panguva ino, tsika iyi inokura zvakanyanya, kusanganisira mumapurazi eUzbek. Kukosha kwejira rekfini rinowanzoita kuti zvigone kushambidza mabhegi ayo akakodzera kuchengetedza uye kutakura shuga. Zvechokwadi, nekuda kwechinangwa iwe unogona kushandisa hemp. Zvisinei, kusagadzikana munyaya iyi kunonyanya kukoshesa kwekuti microscopic particles yakasiyana nemafuta emakadaro. Bvisai kubva kune shuga pashure pacho hazvibviri. Saizvozvowo phenomenon in kenaf bags hazvionekwi. Iyo fiber inowanikwa kubva mumiti iyi haina kungogadziriswa uye yakasimba, asiwo yakawanda. Kusukura kubva kumakwenzi echifako hakusi kungoti mabhegi. Utambo, hwakakoswa kubva kumagetsi emutambo uyu, hunoshandiswawo pakugadzira tambo, tambo, twines uye tambo. Munyika dzinoverengeka inoberekawo maspp.

Inoreva kenaf, kufanana nekotoni, kumhuri yeMalvian. Kureba kwemuti mukuru kunogona kusvika kusvika mamiriyoni mashanu, uye midzi yawo inowira pasi nemamiriyoni maviri. Kucheneswa kwe kenaf kunotanga mushure meke rimwe kana maviri mabhodhoro nembeu inoputika. Kukohwa kunoitwa nemichina yekukohwa. Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvinosara zvakasara kuti zviome kwemazuva mashomanana mumunda. Ipapo vanounganidzwa uye vanobatanidzwa muzvisote. Kupfuurira kuomeswa kunowanikwa mune kukanganiswa kunokosha. Panzvimbo inotevera mashura anotunurwa. Mbeu dzinonatswa uye dzakarongwa, uye zvisote zvinotumirwa kuzvinhu zvekunatsa.

Jute

Ichi ndicho chimwe chirimwa, iyo fiber iyo inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira zvikwereti zvakagadzirirwa shuga, upfu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Maererano nemaitiro ekushanda, jira rejute kunyange rinopfuura kenaf. Dzimwe nguva inobereka kunyange velvet uye micheka yemicheka. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, jute anoenda pakugadzira tambo, twini uye tambo. Kakawanda kacho fiber iyi inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa zvivakwa zvakakodzwa. Mafuta anokosha anowanikwa kubva kumbeu yemaitiro aya. Inoshandiswawo semishonga inotarisirwa kuporeswa kwezvirwere zvemoyo.

Jute inokura zvikurukuru munzvimbo inotyisa yeAsia, kureva kuti, mune dzakadaro seIndia, Bangladesh, Nepal uye Taiwan. Iko kune minda yemaitiro aya zvakare muAfrica neAmerica. Mhando mbiri dzakasiyana-siyana dzejute - dzakareba uye dzakawanda-dzakawanda-dzakashambadzirwa.

Kubva kwechirimwa kunoitika apo mbeu yekutanga inonzi capsule inowanikwa pairi. Kukohwa kwechigadzirwa ichi pane fiber kunoitwa mushure mokupinda muchikamu ichi kupfuura hafu yemiti. Primary processing of stems inowanikwa nenzira yakafanana nenzira ye kenaf. Idzi idzi chaizvoizvo dzinofanirwa kuongorora rubovoloknistye. Uye kunyange nhasi ivo vasiri sevasina kufanana sezvakaitika kare, kusima kwavo, hongu, kunoratidzika kupfuura zvinoshanda.

Chinese nettle

Zvitsva zvinonaka zvinonakidzawo. Mazita emhando dzakasiyana idzi ndeyeChinese nettle uye ramie. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chinoshandiswa nehutumburu chinowanikwa kubva pamuti uyu ndechekuti ivo vanoita kuti varege kuora. Munguva yakapfuura, vaiwanzoshandiswa kuita mhando yakasimba. Nhasi, Ramy fibres inowanzowanikwa nemakumbo ane simba ane upenyu hurefu hwehupenyu. Sula kunze kwemambure uye mbatya. Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, mafi eRami anowanzosanganiswa nekotoni uye kana nemvere dzemakwai. Panguva imwe chete, yakasimba chaizvo, yakagadzikana, yakaoma-zvinhu zvinhu zvinowanikwa.

Iyo yakakura yevakuru vanhu vechiChinese nettle inokwanisa kusvika mamita maviri. Kusiyana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokura pano muRussia, iyo yakagadzirwa haina kupisa zvachose. Miti yacho inonyanyisa uye inogona kubereka zvirimwa zviviri pagore. Panguva ino, tsika iyi inokurudzirwa munyika dzakadai seBrazil, Thailand, India, Philippines, South Korea.

Kupura mbeu: urongwa hwezvirimwa

Saka, kushandura ndevamwe vamiririri vemhuka, seflakisi, jute, kamba, kenaf, nettle. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvipenyu zvinozivikanwa zviripo? Mukuwedzera kune pamusoro apa kunotsanangurwa muboka iri kunosanganisira pineapple, kendyr, manila nevamwe vazhinji.

Kupenya miti, iyo yakarongwa pamusoro apa, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha michina yekugadzira micheka. Zvokudya zvekotoni uye zerineni panguva ino zvinorumbidzwa zvikuru semhepo yakasununguka. Pasina tambo, zvigaro uye masaga, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika yepasi rose hazvigoni kutarisira.