Mhinduro chikumbiro murwere, "Tsanangura sei uye kupi chikuru weti aumbwa"

Kazhinji murume anonwa anenge 2,5 litres mvura pazuva. To ichi inofanira kuwedzerwa bhuku Rine mamiririta 400, izvo anovapo kubva kuora kwemafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi nemapurotini. Huru miviri iyo kutakura mvura excretion kubva mumuviri, itsvo. A chiduku chikamu rinowanika nyore, ganda uye mutsvina yadzo. Vakawanda vakanzwa mashoko akadai nesekondari weti. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti chii. Kakawanda varwere vanouya chiremba nechikumbiro. "Tsanangura kuti uye apo chikuru weti aumbwa," - Ivo vanobvunza. Nyaya rakazvipira nyaya iyi zvizere.

Vhuṱanzi

Muna itsvo nephrons vakachengeta maviri danho mvura inotungamirwa. ipapo iye zvifambiswe kuti ari excretory hurongwa etsvo. Ngatiedzei kutsanangura paumbwe anowanika mvura iri neitsvo. Saka isu kupindura mubvunzo nevakawanda varwere bvunza zvinotevera fomu: ". Tsanangura chikuru weti aumbwa sei uye kupi" Sei maitikiro? Primary weti achiumbwa corpuscles nephrons. Chechipiri danho kuitika tubules ari nephron. Primary weti aumba kubva glomeruli capsules rirambe richibvira masvingo uye yomukati rukoko vane midziyo filtration. Rirambe richibvira ropa glomeruli kunoitika pasi zvakawanda kumanikidzwa pane dzimwe nhengo. Zvinonzi vakasikwa musiyano dhayamita akatakura uye pakutapirwa midziyo ropa, iro pakutanga kaviri. BP chinowedzera filtration ayo kuburikidza rirambe richibvira madziro glomerulus kupinda Kamudzira. Saka, chikuru weti inoumbwa musiyano kufurirwa. Mumazuva itsvo pachayo iri vakayambuka ropa riri neVadzidzi yomukati mudziyo masvingo. nharaunda yavo glomeruli rinosvika 1.5-2 mamita. Kuteerera chikumbiro varwere, "Tsanangura sei uye kupi chikuru weti aumbwa," vanofanira kutungamirira uye dzimwe nhamba. Saka, zuva yakabereka anenge 180 litres kuti fluid iro waendeswa kubva mumuviri. Saka imwe fő nayo iri yakasvinwa 10 litres inoyerera ropa.

mamiriro

Kupindura kuti chikumbiro, "Tsanangura chikuru weti aumbwa sei uye kupi," zvinofanira akati, uye ayo akafanana, sezvo nzvimbo inotungamirwa Urume ine yakananga inobatsira pamaitiro ayo mamiriro. In wa1 chokutambudzika inotungamirwa rine zvinenge zvinoumba zvose ropa. Anosiyiwa marefu samolecular uremu mapurotini uye corpuscles. Uyewo, kuti weti huri chikuru metabolic zvinhu zvakadai urea, uric asidhi uye nevamwe. Next, izvozvo anobuda mu glomeruli kubva tubules pamusoro nephrons, apo reabsorption rinoitwa muropa amino acids, mavhitaminzi, shuga, mvura uye munyu. Izvi zvinonzi reabsorption. Kana ropa vazhinji nomumwe zvinhu, vamwe mugove haisi vakanwa shure.

ehupfumi

Chikuru zvechadenga chikuru weti dzinosanganisira:

1. The pasi osmotic kumanikidzwa, kunoitika chokuita Kamudzira zvakanyatsoenzana.
2. Paumbwe hombe vhoriyamu pazuva. Zvinogona kwakafanana makumi marita. Akapiwa kuti ropa rose ichipfuura itsvo anenge mazana katatu, masikati muviri anokwanisa dzinobvisa kusvika chiuru litres ropa. Saka, chinoitwa anenge 180 litres kuti weti rokutanga chokutambudzika.

Kubva weti achiumbwa rokutanga chokutambudzika, ropa riri vakanwa kupinda zvinokosha kuti nhengo.

Glomerular filtration zvazvingava (GFR)

GFR inodzorwa pachishandiswa Neural uye humoral zvigadziriswe. Glomerular filtration zvazvingava zvinokonzerwa zvinotevera:

- glomerular arteriolar matauriro, kuita pamusoro nhamba uye pamwero kupfuura ropa filtration kufurirwa;

- matauriro mesangial masero izvo connective zvinyama iri pakati nephron glomerular capillaries uye mupise pamusoro;

- simba visceral epithelial masero vavo inoshanda.

Vamwe humoral Migumisiro, izvo zvinosanganisira prostaglandidy, epinephrine, norepinephrine, atriopeptidy, adenosine, uye vamwe, vanokwanisa kuwedzera kana kutapudza glomerular filtration unodiwa. Basa rinokosha kwake kugara achiseka kuti cortical ropa riyerere autoregulation.

yechipiri weti inotungamirwa uye ayo sezvamunoita

Mumazana zuva unobereka 1.5 litres kuti mvura mvura. Nokuti kwayo inotungamirwa kunoda 150-180 litres chepuraimari. Kuburikidza nokuisa kubuda nenzira muwisira dundira. Kubva pokurondedzera uyu yabudiswa kusvikira kunze. The tubules vari raisangoita vanenge 99% mvura huri chikuru weti, uye rine muviri. By yechipiri Urume sezvamunoita kwakasiyana yekudyidzana kubva yakaumbwa muna 1st chokutambudzika. Hazvina ane shuga, munyu akawanda uye amino acids. Zvisinei, pane zvakawanda pamwero sulfate Kuwanda urea, uric acid, phosphates nezvimwe zvinoriumba.

itsvo basa

In zvinoitirwawo rokushaya mumuviri munyu, hazvina yabudiswa muna weti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti itsvo aite mashandiro normalization pakati pachiyero zvakafanira zvinhu zviri mumuviri womunhu. Kureva kubatsira kubvisa zvisingakoshi sokunonoka vasisiri zvinoriumba. The tubules of nephron, kunze reabsorption mvura uye ari mairi zvinhu dzinoyerera kunogona kuitika munguva weti zvinoriumba, dzisiri kukwanisa kupfuura itsvo Sefa munzira kubva capillaries kupinda glomerular Kamudzira. Kwakadaro zvinhu zviri zvinodhaka (zvikurukuru nemishonga), pendi nevamwe. Weti riri kuumbwa itsvo, ureters anopinda kubva renal makapu vanopfuura chiuno. Nokuda mutinhimira sunga tsandanyama ari chokufambisa Mipata, iyo mvura inoyerera kupinda dundira. Zvisinei, pane weti iri akambononoka kwenguva yakati isati yazara.