Monetary maitiro

Mazuva yokutevedzera dzakabudirira musika upfumi mari chikwereti hurongwa anopindura chinzvimbo chinokosha mune zvoupfumi mashandiro. Zviri inoshanda gadziriro kwezvoupfumi kuparadzirwa, izvo anoita mari nerubatsiro, kudzora Rwako zvemari, rinoungana uye redistributes mari Rwako, kuitisa misha pakati ezvoupfumi masangano, zvikwereti kuvanhu uye vamwe sectors hwenyika.

Pane pfungwa mbiri mari yezvinhu: wokutanga ari kutaridza zvikwereti ukama, nzira uye mhando mari (dzichipfekeka chimiro); wechipiri - chine masangano zvemari, izvo zvinoodza kuunganidza mari mari kwenguva iripo uye ipapo vanokweretesa (zvechechi fomu).

Muchiitiko chokutanga tiri kutaura pamusoro kwakadaro ukama sezvo rwezvemabhengi, zvokutengeserana, hurumende, mutengi, dzakawanda chikwereti.

Nyaya yechipiri ipfupi kune zvinotevera parameters. Modern Monetary System - kunzwisisa mashandiro kuti ane dzakasiyana siyana, izvo rinoungana uye anoparadzira mari yesangano. Chikuru zvemamiriro ezvinhu ndiwo: Central Bank, ezvinhu hurumende uye quasi-nemabhangi; ari rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura, izvo zvinosanganisira zvokutengeserana mabhanga, mari, unyanzvi hwakasiyana mabhanga hwekutengeserana; zvikwereti chikwereti, mari, unyanzvi hwakasiyana chikwereti uye zvemari vasiri kubhengi masangano: mudyandigere mari, makambani inishuwarenzi uye mari dzidziso, mari makambani,-siyana nemari uye chikwereti navo, nheyo norupo.

Ichi-pamwero matatu zano runozivisa vakawanda dzakabudirira (US, Japan, nyika kuWestern Europe). Nyika akazvimirira yakasiyana mwero kukura nomumwe zviumbu wegadziriro. The kupfuura dziridza akarirasa uye zvikwereti gadziriro muUnited States, maererano chii chiri pamusoro payo nezvatinovavarira dzakabudirira apo dzichiumbwa yavo chikwereti enyika.

Hurumende anoita mari wemuTesitamende huru nenzira mbiri: zvakananga administrative kupindira (nokugura muchinyatsongwarira mutengo nokugoverwa nhumbi, etc.) uye zvisina kunanga administrative kupindira (mufambiro usapinde negwaro).

Saka zvinova pachena kuti mari chikwereti mamiriro ehurumende akagadzirirwa zvinodiwa upfumi ari kuparadzirwa iripo mari nokupararira kupinda zvemberi uye zvinovimbisa sectors. Mune dzimwe masangano nguva nenguva simuka mari kwenguva vakasununguka (yemuraudzo mari), apo vamwe - yokuwedzera mari zvinodiwa. kupokana Izvi kukunda inotsidza mumwoyo akarirasa chikwereti ezvinhu munyika.

Monetary uye zvikwereti gadziriro yacho Russian Federation rine tiers nhatu: Central Bank; rwezvemabhengi system (mahombekombe ane kwepaKrisimasi); kushandiswa chikwereti uye zvemari masangano. mamiriro Izvi zvinoratidza pachena zvinodiwa National upfumi, zviri pedyo muenzaniso zvikwereti mugadziriro dzakabudirira uye vanotanga kuchinja kuti pezvakaitwa itsva zvoupfumi chokwadi.

Izvi chikwereti hurongwa achine zvimwe zvinetso anenge zvese (kuwedzera mabhanga duku, makambani inishuwarenzi, mari mari uye vezvokutengeserana mabhanga kuramba dzidzira mu pfupi-rokuti zvikwereti kushandiswa, chinoguma kukwana redirection mari kuti pave maindasitiri nezvimwe sectors hwenyika. Saka nhasi yave zvakakwana chikwereti chokuita RF hurongwa inoda kumwe kuvandudzika. vakarongeka kushanda mari-cred tnoj gadziriro chakagadzirirwa yakatsiga mamiriro reNational upfumi.

ReRussia rwezvemabhengi maitiro ane yomuropa maviri, anomirirwa Central Bank of Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) uye zvokutengeserana mabhanga.