Monomer starch riri kubatana?

Chemistry chinosiyanisa zvitatu marudzi makabhohaidhiretsi. starch ichi, cellulose uye shuga. Starch ndiye mumiririri chikuru boka dzinongoitika makabhohaidhiretsi. kwetunhu Its kunoitika muna miti zvose, ndicho chikuru tsime simba nokuda dzemuviri. Chii chinonzi monomer kuti starch? More pamusoro pazasi.

Minda chikumbiro

Kubvira chaizvo kare, starch iri zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokurapa. In okurapa rinoshandiswa sezvo unhani mumiririri kuti maronda maronda uye mucosal anogumbura pezvakaitwa nhengo dzakadai ura uye mudumbu. Analytical kemesitiri uye mishonga anoshandisa starch sechinhu chikuru chokukomborerwa nokuda ayodhini. Pharmaceutical Technology anoshandisa starch somunhu filler, kubatanidzwa mumiririri. Asi chii chokuita chinhu monomer pamusoro starch, zvinofadza vakawanda. Ngationgororei munyaya ino.

Chete nyika yedu Research Centre starch indasitiri chinomirirwa All-Russian Research Institute of Vanonyanya kudya. Riri munzvimbo Moscow mudunhu, uye ayo chikuru basa iri kukura michina mitsva nokuda kugadzirwa starch kubva bota uye mbatatisi, dzakachinjwa starch, shuga manyuchi, fructose manyuchi, uye utano zvokudya pasina mapuroteni. Kuwedzera pakutsvakurudza mabasa, VNIIK kunge afunge michina iro rinoshandiswa starch indasitiri. Saka, VNIIK mabasa kukanganisa guru munda nesayenzi, kubva pakutsvakurudza maindasitiri kukura.

Pasi Ngatitarirei kuti ari monomer kuti starch.

mamiriro

Kana tikafunga starch tichitarisa zvesayenzi, rinomiririra guru mari nyore shuga, izvo vakaungana cheni. ngetani izvi zvinogona kuva Linear kana mapazi. Mumwe akadaro chikuru Morekuru cheni - shuga, kureva venhumbi kuridza basa chikuru simba panobva mumuviri.

Chero cheni kwakadaro refu zvinosanganisira shuga, ane flex pfuma kuti squirm uye kakawanda mheto. Zvinoguma paumbwe nemaziso granules, izvo kufanana tsanga hwakatsetseka. Sezvineiwo, furawa, substantially anomirira musanganiswa starch uye muchiridzira yakasiyana zvinhu. Kureva, mumwe monomer kuti starch ndiyo shuga.

Kana iwe utore starch panze uye zviedze chibhakera uye kuzora pakati minwe yako, ipapo iwe uchanzwa pachangu creaking. kurira akadaro yakawanikwa panguva starch nezvimedu vachidzipukuta imwe: vane vanachandagwinyira yakarongeka, uye vakadaro zvazvinoita kutsemuka kunoitika.

In chirimwa Utachiona starch chakaumbwa akatevedzana kubatana vanoverengeka shuga mamorekuru zvakakwana. Asati ichi chinoitika kubatana kwetunhu shuga kubva carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura. Handiti, ndiko monomer pamusoro starch Morekuru.

The ehupfumi kuti starch

In miti yakawanda starch Nde bhatiri simba reserves. Zvanzi ehupfumi zvayo anogona kutsanangura kuti yezviri kuchengetera starch kunoitika midzi, tubers uye mbeu. On murwiyo zvezviyo yegorosi kana zviyo - kupfuura hafu starch.

Ngatikurukurei makemikari anoumba uye nemamiriro starch. Starch, pamwe glycogen uye cellulose, ndiyo imwe inokosha vamiririri boka polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - vari zvinhu zviri carbohydrate Polymers, iyo ine vakawanda monosaccharide dzakabatana. nhamba yavo inogona anosiyana kubva makumi wandei yakawanda zviuru. Ndiko, mukuru-samolecular remubatanidzwa (BMC), uye starch ane shuga monomer.

The vakawanda fomura

Macromolecular yeimwe of vakawanda payakavakirwa anogona kunyorwa se:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ O _{5) N,} uko N muchiitiko ichi kunogona kusvika mazana nezviuru.

Externally starch anozivikanwa vose - pafuma chena ruvara, chine diki chezviyo saizi. Starch iri insoluble mumvura inotonhora asi soluble mumvura inopisa. It ane kuzvimba pfuma. The zvichiguma mhinduro dziri viscous kusachinja-chinja pashure kutonhora Kutamiswa mune vakawanda gelatinous inonzi namatidza.

The Zvinoumba starch , pane zvikamu zviduku zviviri: amylose uye amylopectin. zvikamu zviduku maviri aya kuumbwa α-D-shuga. Vakasiyana pakati pachavo kwete nemamiriro cheni pacharo, asiwo kuwanda shuga residues. Izvi monosaccharide residues vari vakabatana mabhiriji okisijeni. Panguva paumbwe ngetani kunoitika glycosidic hydroxyl kudyidzana mumwe Morekuru uye mumwe Morekuru chiradza hydroxyl. Kana wafunga kuti starch ane ayodhini mhinduro unomuka chinoratidza yebhuruu staining. Kureva kuita Qualitative zvakasikwa. Staining haazombotaurwi kana mhinduro iri pakutsamwisana uye kunoitika apo muchitonhorera nayo.

Zvino zviri pachena kuti remubatanidzwa chinhu monomer kuti starch.

Amylose - mumwe polysaccharide with Linear ngetani kwemakemikari, izvozvo inovakwa anoverengeka zviuru hexoses (shuga residues), izvo interconnected α-glycoside chisungo hunhu. X-ray kuongorora kunoratidza kuti morekuru amylose ane helical urongwa. Mumwe kwezana zononoka chaizvo 6 inokwana zviyero zvinobva monosaccharides. Paavhareji, mumwe akamonyoroka ane anenge 50 muchichinjana.

Mukati spiralevoy mamiriro akadaro ane gwara dhayamita vanenge 0.5 nanometers. Inside chiteshi inogona riri mamwe mamorekuru kuti vari dzakakodzera pakukura. zvakagadzirwa ichi chinomiririra zvivako anokosha rinonzi usanganidzo yeimwe. Remubatanidzwa wenyika amylose uye ayodhini, ane zvitema ruvara, rinongova rimwe zvivako izvi. Chii chinonzi monomer pamusoro starch, takawana kare.

Amylose uye amylopectin

Amylose uye amylopectin vane zvakangofanana makemikari anoumba, musiyano wavo mukuru pakati pavo - the spatial marongerwo. Amylose Morekuru kuvakwa threadlike, i.e. Linear, asi amylopectin morekuru ine mapazi marongerwo.

Pakati branching pfungwa iri vanenge 20-25 hexoses. Total amylopectin macromolecule ringave riine anenge 6000 kana kupfuura zviumbu zvinobva monosaccharides.

Kazhinji, starch rinoumbwa 10-20% kubva vakasungwa mvura. Kana nokukurumidza neshungu, zvichava hydrolytic manyowa pamusoro macromolecules necheni maduku mamorekuru aumba somugumisiro.

Starch Nde tsime makabhohaidhiretsi ari munhu zvokudya, ndokusaka rune ukoshi mukurusa zvezvokudya: chingwa, mbatatisi, bota. Akawanda, starch inoshandiswa indasitiri Somuenzaniso, rinoshandiswa aripo sizing kuti micheka (ari sizing muitiro) gluing pepa makadhibhokisi gadzira dextrin guruu. Mumunda Analytical kemisitiri starch rinoshandiswa sezvo nechiidzo panguva iodometric titration nzira.

Takazoziva chii nefuma iri monomer kuti starch.