Muchinjikwa monohybrid

Monohybrid kuyambuka - chaiyambuka ichi, nokuti icho maitire akasiyana vabereki siyana mumwe peya of iripo nzira zvakasiyana nyaya kubva mumwe. Sign akataura chero chiri ane muviri, chero zvivako zvayo kana unhu, naro kunobvira kusiyanisa vanhu. In miti, pfuma iri Somuenzaniso, pezvakaita Corolla (asymmetric kana symmetric), ayo ruvara (chena kana pepuru) uye t. D. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisirwawo kuibvisa mwero (kunonoka ichiibvira kana ichiibvira), uye kurwisa kana susceptibility nezvimwe zvirwere .

ehupfumi All pamwechete, sezvo wokunze uye kupera zvimwe marongerwo kana kushanda masero, nhengo, munyama, anonzi phenotype. Pfungwa iyi ingashandiswa vo pamusoro mumwe anowanika dzimwe zvinhu.

Kuratidza zvivako uye hunhu rinoitwa kutongwa zviripo enhaka zvinhu - mune mamwe mazwi, magene. Boka majini ndiwo genotype.

Monohybrid muchinjikwa Mendelian hunomiririrwa kuyambuka pizi. Muchiitiko ichi pane vakadaro zvakanaka zvakakwana chinozikamwa nzira ehupfumi, zvakadai chena uye maruva nezvishava, girini yellow coloring kuibva bhinzi, rakawunyana mbeu uye anotsvedzerera pamusoro, uye vamwe.

Kuburikidza monohybrid muchinjikwa, Mendel, I muna yeAustria nyanzvi X X., Found kuti rudzi yokutanga (F1) chemasanganiswa miti yose yakanga maruva magenta Hue, chena ruvara asingadi richiratidzwa. Wokutanga kwakatangwa Mutemo Mendel kwakaita kuti Vafanane Pazvose wokutanga-chizvarwa yokutevedzera. Uyezve, masayendisiti akawana kuti chizvarwa chokutanga ivhu vose vaiva homogeneous uye vose vanomwe aidzidza unhu hwavo.

Nokudaro muchinjikwa monohybrid anoratidza wokutanga chizvarwa nevanhu kuvapo dzimwe kutaurwa mubereki mumwe chete, asi ehupfumi vemamwe mubereki sokuti kunyangarika. The predominance zvivako Mendel akadana kwaizoita uye nezviratidzo pachavo - zvakazara. Unhu haamo musayendisiti anonzi recessive.

Kuburikidza muchinjikwa monohybrid, Mendel pasi nokuzvidzora pollination wokutanga chizvarwa VaNefirimu vari akura. Akaumba mavari mbeu akakusha musayendisiti zvakare. Somugumisiro, akagamuchira zvinotevera, chizvarwa wechipiri (F2) VaNefirimu. The vakawana mienzaniso yataurwa cleavage ne nzira zviri muna anofungidzirwa nhamba 3: 1. Nemamwe mashoko,-makota matatu vanhu vezera yechipiri yakanga hukuru zvivako, uye chimwe muzvina - recessive. Somugumisiro kuedza izvi, Mendel vakagumisa kuti recessive katsika yakanga woutsinye ari ivhu, asi harisati rapera, kuratidza pacharo muchizvarwa yechipiri. muunganidzwa ichi wakanzi "Mutemo kukamurwa" (mutemo wechipiri Mendel).

Uyezve monohybrid musayendisiti muchinjikwa inoitwa kuziva sezvo nhaka richaitika rechitatu, chechina, uye tevera zvizvarwa. Akakura mapatani vachishandisa kuzvidzora pollination. Somugumisiro kuedza kwayo Vakawana kuti miti, zvinhu zviri (maruva chena, somuenzaniso) recessive mune nekutambira zvizvarwa yevana rinoitwa kutamba shure chete chete izvi (recessive) ehupfumi.

Zvishoma zvakasiyana aiita wechipiri chizvarwa anosima, Zvivako iyo dzave ainzi Mendel nesimba (varidzi Somuenzaniso, pepuru maruva). Pakati mimwe izvi, masayendisiti kuongorora vana kwakaratidza mapoka maviri ane Mhedziso kusiyana kwechitarisiko nomumwe chaicho chinhu.

Vanhu, kusiyaniswa maitiro maviri, shandisa miviri-chemasanganiswa Crossover. Problem kuziva genotypes uye phenotypes huri nyore, apo mitemo yavo chisarudzo Mendel kuti anoshanda.