Mudetembi Yakov Polonsky: pfupi Biography, unyanzvi, nhetembo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Kwete kazhinji akarangarira nyanduri JP Polonsky (1819-1898) akasika mabasa mazhinji kwete chete nhetembo asi prose. Zvisinei, achiri kunyanya uchidanana mabasa ake ave dzorudo. Mudetembi mweni kumativi kwazvo, asi haana hanya njodzi Motherland. iye kupfuura zvinoyemurwa wake "Bell".

kumusha diki

The quietest pamusoro Ryazan, mune wepurovhinzi taundi duku, usiku 6 kusvika 7 December 1819 akaberekwa mwana, izvo vhiki mbiri gare gare vakatumidza murubhabhatidzo Jakobho. tete ake akanga ari bhora pa gavhuna, asi pashure kudzidza kuti hanzvadzi yavo iri zvakanaka wakatomborwira pakuzvarwa, akasiya bhora kuunza dzinokukwazisai. Rhode Polonsky akanga akwegura, uyo akabva kuPoland kupinda basa Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky aiva nguvo maoko pamusoro azure kumashure dzakanga anofananidzirwa nyeredzi nenyanga matanhatu, Ngowani pamwe pikoko neminhenga uye mwedzi wechidiki. Baba nyanduri dzidzo yakanaka kukwanisa, asi vakadzidza kuverenga nokunyora, uye akanga akanaka manyorero. Aiva mukuru akanaka, uye imwe mhuri yakakura kunodiwa nokuti yakakurisa mari. Yakov aiva mwana mukuru, uye ari kuwedzera akava nevana vatanhatu. Mumakore kuberekwa mai vake vakafa, Natalia Yakovlevna. Mwana yakatambura zvakakomba rufu kwake, uye zvaiita kwaari kuti mai vake akavigwa mupenyu. Somwana, Yakov Polonsky kazhinji kuona hope dzinotyisa. Akava nokutya. Fungidziro anotanga kushanda, kuzviratidza enhetembo mifananidzo. The mukuru mukoma akanga achivaudza rengano afunga muduku uye akatanga pachivande kunyora nhetembo.

pashure chikoro

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan sekondari muna 1838. Panguva ino, baba vangu rwakavhunika chose uye rufu mudzimai wake waaida, akanga ashumira kwemakore matatu kuCaucasus, akadzokera kumusha kwake. Kana vana, haana kupindira. Asi Jakobho akanga chiitiko raakanga vaiona rinokosha muupenyu hwake. Muna 1837 vakashanyira Ryazan Tsesarevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, achiperekedzwa VA Zhukovsky. Young Jacob Polonsky akapa yemberi mambo mumwe zvaakasika. Musangano uyu zvakabatana zvose pfungwa nejaya mabhuku mabasa. Kubva 1838 kusvika 1844 makore Yakov Polonsky zveBhaibheri panguva Moscow University. Aiva murombo chaizvo, nokuti mhuri rakaparara chose, uye unogona chete nesimba ravo pachavo. Rent dzimba ari muzvitangwena vaifanira mhenyu tutoring uye private zvidzidzo. Paiva mazuva apo kwemasikati uye akanga asiri kuti. Yaifanira chokuita tea mupumburu. Panguva iyi, iye rakada kuziva A. Grigoriev uye A. Fet, ndokuisa ratings tarenda Nyanduri wechidiki. Akafuridzirwa, akabudisa mu "Notes of Yababa" muna 1840, ari nhetembo "Sacred dzakatarwa mabhero yakarira." Denderedzwa shamwari muMoscow yakanga yawedzera. Mumba ari wedzinza Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky vanosangana pamwe Professor T. Granovsky, muzivi P. Chaadaev. Uyewo 1942, iye hwose shamwari Ivan Turgenev, izvo achatsigira tsamba.

MuThe "wegamma"

Muna 1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev vachishingaira nekunhonga chipeto mari nokuda Bhuku bhuku rokutanga nyanduri muduku. Lyrics Lermontov akasiya chiratidzo pairi. Asi Belinsky yose rinopa yakanaka ongororo. The mutsoropodzi akati mundima "wakachena nhetembo maatomu akafanana". Nikolai Gogol rewrites pachavo mumwe nhetembo. VA Zhukovsky nechipiriso vechiduku vadetembi wachi ichiratidza kuti anokoshesa tarenda ake. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin akamupa inokosha chipo - mumwe Portfolio kunofanira shasha mukoma wake.

Odessa

Ndapedza uye kutamira kumaodzanyemba uye Biography oupenyu Yakova Polonskogo akazara navo nevanhu Pushkin kuti denderedzwa. Harmony uye zvakajeka unhu kuunganidzwa wechipiri nyanduri, "Poems 1845". Asi Belinsky haana kuzviwana chinhu akabudirira chigadzirwa.

eCaucasus

Chido kuwana pfungwa itsva kutungamirira Yakov Petrovich muna Tiflis muna 1846. It anoshumira kuhofisi gavhuna MS Vorontsov uye panguva imwecheteyo kushanda mupepanhau "Herald of Transcaucasian" mubatsiri mupepeti. Mairi, iye uye kudhindwa. Pazuva zvekumwe zvinhu zviri Caucasus, ari kuedza kushanda mune zvetsika Genre pakati ballads uye nhetembo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, rinoshandisa ishoma raznostopnye hukuru. Muna 1849 mudetembi kusunungurwa dzakaunganidzwa "Sandazar". Asi muna 1851 akasvika Russia sezvo kudzidza pamusoro kurwara baba vake.

Petersburg

Saka Yakova Polonskogo Biography inotiudza adzokera kuRussia, paakange noushamwari nevaverengi nevanyori. Asi zvinhu zvakanaka asina. Muna 1857, akamanikidzwa kuva repeater. Vanokwanisa ichi, iye anoenda mhuri SA Smirnova-Rosset, ine aiminama uye zvakaoma kuSwitzerland. Asi makore 38 - ichi hachisisiri zera kana unogona kushivirira vachida kuti vashandirwi. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare anoenda pambiru uye kushanyira Geneva, Rome, Paris.

nyanduri vada

In guru French paiva "musangano zvinouraya" sezvo rainzi nyanduri, nomudzimai wake ramangwana. musikana uyu, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, aiva muduku, parudo uye kuroorana aifanira kumirira rinenge gore. Muna 1858, varoorana uye akaenda St. Petersburg. musikana wake ari munyaya yemberi murume yomukati kwamachinda. Haiwa, muchato akanga pfupi. Makore maviri rwakatora mufaro wavo. Pakutanga, zvakanga chakakuvadzwa donhwe Yakov pamwe droshky. Iye vakakuvara zvikuru gumbo rake, iyo akamupa zororo kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu, uye aifanira kushandisa madondoro. Ndokufira mwanakomana mwedzi mitanhatu, uye Papera mwedzi yakati, uye mukadzi wake. Heino pfupi Biography Yakova Polonskogo kwakabatana muchato wake wokutanga. mudetembi Wistful nokusasa kubva pakadzika "The Gaviota" mweya nhetembo, "The upengo kurwadziwa," "rudo rwako Kana chete ...".

wanano yechipiri

Mabhuku royalties zvaisaita, Yakov Petrovich, uye anotanga kushanda komiti vanorumwe kusenza. 6 Makore pashure pokuwa muchato wake wokutanga, anowira murudo Zhozefinu Ryulman. nganonyorwa iyi inoguma mumuchato, izvo vaizoberekwa maviri vanakomana uye mwanasikana. musha wake akasika anodzidza-mumhanzi Salon, iyo iri yeChishanu ari Chipendai Petersburg intelligentsia: vadetembi, vanyori, vanyori, Painters, vatsoropodzi. Pane upenyu Vachiita tsika guru. In ichi kupfupi Biography pamusoro Yakova Polonskogo mu mharidzo yedu zvino kusvika kumagumo. In kupemberera rechi50 musi unoenderana mabhuku basa Polonsky zvakanzi paakavapa kuti sirivha chishongo uye Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov akatsaurira detembo.

Kumabasa kumashoko Polonsky

Romantic, kuedza kuita socio-dzezvematongerwo enyika, asi mupfungwa dzedu inobatanidzwa dzorudo. Yakov Polonsky, ane nhetembo dzinodiwa Vanyori vakawanda Russian, nokuti vazhinji uzivewo, pakutanga kwezvose, mumashoko, "moto wangu ari bvungapfunga chiedza". Heino mazita nziyo mashoko ake, kure-kure kukwana:

• munyori gododd Napravnik:

Birdie: "Rinofembedza wakachena mhepo munda";

Waltz "Ray Netariro";

Munyengetero: "Baba vedu! Mwanakomana paminyengetero ipai nzeve ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Kuonana: "Nezuro takasangana ...";

Music: "Uye kushambira uye kukura ruzha zvinoshamisa izvi ...";

Dissonance: "Kuda zvichaitirwa ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "The mabhero matsvene rinonzwika kwazvo ...";

Loss: "Kana munhu fungidziro yokunatsa ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Panze, mumumvuri kudzima".

Zviya, Tchaikovsky Polonsky akanyora libretto pamusoro dhanzi "The Slippers". Kuwedzera kwakadaro vashoma nziyo dzakanyorwa munyaya ino, unogona kureva basa Bunin kuti mutsetse kubva detembo naJ Polonsky kuisa musoro mumwe nyaya yake, kureva "Mune imwe mugwagwa nomuzikamwi."

Polonsky akafa pazera remakore 78, akavigwa pedyo Ryazan. Zvino reburied mu ari Ryazan Kremlin. nhetembo All Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich akawana akagadzirira mhinduro mumarudzi ake uye inotevera marudzi Symbolists, kunyanya mu Blok. Munguva Soviet haina wakabudiswa chero (!) Of basa yakatsaurirwa kuna hwake uye basa. Zvino Ryazan Regional vanachiremba kugadzirisa izvi kuburikidza nekuita monographs, nyaya, uye mabhuku, izvo kudzokera kwatiri zvisina kururama kukanganwa nyanduri, akasiya nhaka huru hwokudhirowa.