Mudhudhudhu injini: mudziyo, kuti uchishandisa pfungwa, michina nokurondedzerwa

Vatyairi ruzivo dzimwe nguva vanofunga kuti chinonyanya kukosha quality, izvo midhudhudhu injini - ndiyo uwandu horsepower, uye vanodavira kuti nzvimbo vachaenda zvakanaka, asi kuva kukwanisa mauto anodarika zana. Zvisinei, kunze nhamba iyi, pane unhu zhinji kuti sei unhu basa injini.

Mhando mudhudhudhu injini

Pane vaviri-mbonje mana-mbonje michini, nheyo iri siyanei.

kumisa yakasiyana nenhamba sepombi sezvo midhudhudhu.

Kuwedzera chizvarwa carbureted injini, unogona vanowanzoona jekiseni dzakabatana. Uye kana wekutanga mhando motorcyclists inoshandiswa kugadzirisa pachako, chinotsva-jekiseni injini ine yakananga jekiseni gadziriro kugadzirisa maoko avo atova matambudziko. It yagara kugadzira Diesel bikes uye kunyange electric motor. Nyaya ichakurukurwa zvechadenga injini mhando mudhudhudhu carburetor.

Sezvo injini Paanoramba

The sepombi of injini chafariz simba yokupisa huni iri dzikwanise zvokuimba basa. Kubvongodzwa nokuda gasi kufurirwa pisitoni rotates munhu crankshaft Via imwe crank mashandiro. mashandiro ichi rine crankshaft, unobva tsvimbo, pisitoni nezvindori, pisitoni nembambo, humburumbira.

The kusiyana Murongerwo kukonzera zvakasiyana basa zviviri uye mana nesitiroko injini.

Kurohwa mana injini

Motors kwakadaro vane basa kutenderera mana sitiroko pisitoni uye vaviri nokumukirana ari crankshaft. Driving gwenya mudziyo kunoratidza pisitoni womukati injini yayo Workflow.

1. Kana Inlet pisitoni kunotangira kubva pamusoro akafa pfungwa, yakayamwa musanganiswa kuburikidza hayo vharuvhu.

2. Panguva compression pisitoni hunokwira kubva pasi akafa nepakati, tsonyera musanganiswa.

3. Mukushanda munguva musanganiswa, kamwe yokubatidza ne zvemagetsi dzomoto kutsva uye magasi kufamba pasi pisitoni.

4. Kana achisunungura pisitoni, anosimudza, kukuvadza chiutsi magasi ane kuburikidza rakavhurika chiutsi vharuvhu. Vakati zvakare inosvika pamusoro akafa pakati, kuti chiutsi vharuvhu riri yakavharwa, uye zvose inodzokororwa zvakare.

Chetyrehtaktnikov zvakwakanakira ndiwo:

• kuvimbika;

• kunyatsoshanda;

• zvishoma kunokuvadza pedza;

• shoma ruzha;

• mafuta kwete kare sezvaiita pamwe peturu.

Magadzirirwo iri mhando kunogona kuratidza zvinotevera motokari redunhu.

maviri-Kurohwa injini

Bhuku rino mhando mudhudhudhu injini, kazhinji zvishoma, uye basa kutenderera zvinoda mumwe chimurenga. Uyezve, hapana kudya uye pedza mavharuvhu. basa iri reproduces ari pisitoni pacharo, iro inovhura uye kuvhara migero uye hwindo uri cylindrical girazi. Carter yaishandiswawo gasi exchange.

Zvakanakira injini ichi ndiwo:

• pamwe chete Vhoriyamu humburumbira ine kukwanisa kuti runopfuura chetyrehtaktnik 1.5-1.8 nguva;

• Harina camshaft uye vharuvhu;

• mukugadzira isingadhuri.

Sepombi uye Workflow mairi

The Workflow mumwe uye imwe motokari rikaitika humburumbira.

The pisitoni inodedera pedyo cylindrical girazi kana kupinza ruoko. Kana mhepo kutonhora ari kushanda, mashoko cylindrical mbabvu vane hembe, apo kutonhora mvura - dzomunyika mhango.

The crankshaft med munhu unobva shamhu anogamuchira pisitoni sangano, achiishandura kuva rotation, uye ipapo nepamahofisi torque hutachiwana. Uyewo kubva pakutanga kushanda gasi kuparadzirwa mashandiro, pombi, jenareta nokudzikama miseve. The crankshaft ane kana kupfuura ibvi zvichienderana neuwandu sepombi.

In mana mbonje injini, humburumbira yazara nani ane musanganiswa Inlet rinotanga pisitoni asati zvasvika pamusoro akafa muzinda uye inoguma pashure kupfuura pasi akafa centre.

Yokunatswa inotanga asati asvika pasi akafa nepakati, uye pedza magasi Madzingwa munguva pisitoni kufamba rakananga pamusoro akafa pfungwa. Zvadaro, pedza vharuvhu anovhara kuti magasi tichisiya humburumbira.

On injini kwakadai, zvinotevera mhando nguva :

• OHV;

• OHC;

• DOHC.

Mukupera mhando ine risingamboshandisi nhamba zvinhu, saka kuti crankshaft anogona tenderera nokukurumidza. Naizvozvo, DOHC ari kuramba vachiwanda.

Four-Kurohwa zvikuru kunzwisisa chivakwa kana tichienzanisa maviri-sitiroko, sezvo vaine lubrication maitiro uye gasi kuparadzira mashandiro vasipo zviviri-sitiroko. Kunyange zvakadaro, vava nevakawanda kupararira nokuda mari uye zvishoma inokuvadza kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza.

Motorcycle injini kazhinji ndivo one-, zviviri uye mana humburumbira. Asi pane anokwana zviyero zvitatu, vatanhatu uye gumi sepombi. The sepombi vari-mutsetse pamwe - longitudinal kana transverse, yakatambarara vachipikiswa V-yakaumba L-zvakaumbwa. The vanoshanda Vhoriyamu injini kazhinji hatina zvinopfuura rimwe cubic metres miriyoni hafu midhudhudhu izvi. Engine simba - kubva zana namakumi mashanu zana namakumi masere horsepower.

injini mafuta

Lubrication chinodiwa kuitira kudzivisa chero kunyanyisa kukweshera pakati injini zvikamu. Zvinonzi akaziva pachishandiswa motokari mafuta, kuva nemishonga chivako pakuona kumusoro tembiricha yakaderera viscosity yakaderera prices. Mukuwedzera, hadzisi deposits kuti havasi chisimba kuti mupurasitiki rabha nhengo.

Mafuta vari chicherwa, Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Semi-muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari uye muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari anodhura, asi mhando izvi vanosarudza zvakawanda, nokuti vaitenda kuti ivo zvikuru kuti injini. Nokuti maviri-mbonje uye chetyrehtaktnikov vanoshandisa mhando dzakasiyana kwemafuta. naivowo akasiyana mune mwero boosting.

The "nyoro" uye "pakaoma" sump

Muna mana sitiroko injini inoshandiswa nenzira nhatu mafuta zvitengeswa:

• kukukurwa;

• kusasawo;

• Supply kumanikidzwa.

Ruzhinji kukweshera nomwe dziri lubricated pasi kumanikidzwa kubva mafuta pombi. Asi kunewo avo lubricated namafuta mhute, aumba somugumisiro spraying munhu crank mashandiro, uyewo mitezo iyo mafuta runoyerera achishandisa uye maiiswa. Saka sump kunoshanda gungwa. Inonzi uyu zvazvingava, "nyoro".

Mune dzimwe midhudhudhu, kwegadziriro "pakaoma" crankcase apo chikamu rimwe mafuta pumped kupinda tangi, uye umwe zvokudya pasi kumanikidza kuti kukweshera akakwirira.

In duhtaktnikah lubrication mafuta kunoitika chiri huni mhute. Hazvina chakakanyiwa peturu pachine, kana ari Inlet nenyere ari kusvitsa pedyo dosing pombi. Izvi okupedzisira maonero unonzi "yoga lubrication hurongwa." Hazvina kunyanya akatekeshera mune dzimwe injini. MuRussia, kuti hurongwa anopinda injini imwe mudhudhudhu "IZH Planet 5" uye "tiiliseinä 200 Courier".

kutonhora hurongwa

Kana mafuta ari combusted injini, kupisa rinobudiswa, kubva izvo anenge makumi matatu nezvishanu kubva muzana anoenda anobatsira basa uye navamwe iri akaparadza. Panguva iyoyowo, kana zvichiitika va neudhadha mitezo mudende overheating, izvo zvingaita kuti jamming uye kukuvadza. To izvi hazvina kuitika, kuti kutonhora hurongwa rinoshandiswa inova mhepo uye mvura, zvichienderana norudzi injini.

Air Cooling System

Muchikamu ichi, chirongwa dzaserera parutivi motokari mhepo. Dzimwe nguva kuti zvakanaka mabasa humburumbira musoro zvinoita ribbed. Dzimwe nguva kumanikidzwa kutonhora dzinoshandisa vachishandisa zvokuimba kana yemagetsi. In chetyrehtaktnikov vo kwazvo dzaserera mafuta, nokuti iyo pemvura casing ichiwedzerwa uye kumisa anokosha radiators.

Liquid kutonhora hurongwa

Option zvakafanana kuti kuiswa mune motokari. Heino coolant antifreeze, ndiro yakaderera kuoma nechando (kubvisa mana kuti kubvisa matanhatu Celsius) uye mukuru-Kubika (kubvira zana namakumi maviri zana matatu Celsius). Mukuwedzera, antifreeze uye anticorrosion kubudirira lubricating kushanda. mvura yakachena sezvo vakadaro hazvigoni kushandiswa.

Overheating of kutonhora ino inogona kukonzerwa ane zadzisa kana kusvibiswa pamusoro hukawanika, izvo kubuda kupisa. Uyewo, munhu wacho masangano anogona kuputsa mariri, nokuti izvo Urume inoyerera kubva. Naizvozvo, kuti kutonhora basa rinofanira kugara kuongororwa.

zvitengeswa hurongwa

Sezvo mafuta akashandiswa mudhudhudhu carburetor peturu octane nhamba haasi asingasviki 93.

mudhudhudhu injini vane simba romugove hurongwa, rinosanganisira mafuta tangi, imwe vharafu, mumwe Sefa, mhepo Sefa uye carburetor. Peturu inochengetwa ari tangi, izvo kazhinji kacho akatasva kumusoro injini kuti kabhureta negiravhiti chokubuda. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingava kupiwa ane pombi inokosha kana Vacuum actuator. Ekupedzisira anogona kuwanika maviri-nevanga.

Mafuta mumota ane muvharo chaiwo richizarurwa apo mhepo inopinda. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe midhudhudhu zhinji, mhepo inopfuura nomunyika marasha reservoirs. Uye vamwe vari pasi zvechizarira pakavha.

Nokuda mafuta jongwe iri aidzivisa usabuda sehuni.

Kuburikidza mhepo Sefa iri mhepo anopinda carburetor. The Sefa iri nezvezvikwata matatu.

1. The tsindirana-mafuta mhando mhepo anopinda pakati, tsaukirai kuburikidza 180 madhigirii uye zvinoenda firita. Saka rinocheneswa nekuvhura kuerera apo kwakanyanya nezvimedu agadzirise mumafuta. Saka Sefa inopiwa ne mudhudhudhu injini "Ural" uye "iz". Zvisinei, kumwe kushandisa dzimwe mhando pabepa furo.

2. Paper filters vari chenhando. Vanofanira kutsiviwa panguva ose yokuzvigadzirisa.

3. Furo filters ndivo reusable - vanogona kushambidzwa uye apiwa wezvakakora.

Mitambo midhudhudhu, umo 250 CC injini uye pamusoro nhasi vane hurongwa vanonzi "zvakananga yaunodya" rinowanika apo mhepo yaunodya mberi cowl, nokudaro achizadza humburumbira panguva dzakakwirira aimhanya inowedzerwa.

Carburetor uye mhando yayo

midziyo iyi anogadzira uye chaanovapa mhepo-mafuta nezvakavhenganiswa, izvo, pashure pacho anopinda humburumbira. Modern carburetors vari vatatu mhando:

• vangapiwa;

• enderera dilution;

• kunyoresa.

All mudzimba Motors uye gwenya mudhudhudhu "Ural" vane vangapiwa carburetors. The chete Kusara ndiye "Ural-East", apo carburetor kugara Vacuum.

Vangapiwa kabhureta throttle mhikuriso chokuita chokurukisa. Kuburikidza kugarotamba nayo hunodzorwa mhepo kupinda injini. Tiine yemasiraidhi vharuvhu akabatanidza tsono cône kuti rwuripowo dispenser. Kana anochinja musanganiswa kunowedzerwa kana kwezvinoshandiswa. Akatasva ari pfapfaidzo pfuti mafuta jeti. Uye vose okunze vanoumba dosing hurongwa.

In carburetors Kugara dilution throttle sangano iri inoparadzirwa throttle iri pedyo mbudo yacho carburetor. Mhepo mukamuri pamusoro pesimba pisitoni interacts pamwe carburetor kuvhenganisa yomukati. Saka zvinoitika kuti kufamba vangapiwa inodzorwa underpressure ari kudya turakiti.

Kunyoresa carburetors, izvo vakapakata vazhinji vatorwa chete-humburumbira chetyrehtaktniki akadai Honda injini nokubatanidza maviri marudzi yapfuura. Rine maviri nokusanganisa kumakamuri mumwe vangapiwa kunodzorwa mubato, ukuwo vamwe - achishandisa Vacuum iri kuvhenganisa mukamuri.

kanda

Kutanga ushamwari injini, kudiwa rokuvandudza musanganiswa. Mune dzimwe carburetors kamera kuti ichi ane utopitel ichiyangarara. Kana rikazvisundira tsvimbo, chinotsva pamwero mukamuri inokwira zvikuru kune pamwero pamusoro bvumidzwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, huni anotanga iyerere kupinda yaunodya rukoronga. A chikamu mafuta runoyerera kunze. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakati, kuvakwa carburetors akaronga kuti maviri murege kubuda. mazano akadaro zvinoda kushandiswa kuramba musanganiswa, inova kachidza kana mumwe mafuta ndima. Rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo utopitelya.

Munguva ichangopfuura, vana-sitiroko mudhudhudhu injini vanowanzoda huni jekiseni marongedzero yemagetsi. It rine huni pombi pamwe yemagetsi nemotokari, bhatiri, remagetsi injectors, zvemagetsi GAC, iyo zvakabatana sensors siyana, kuparadzira zhinji.

Panewo motokari kudzora hurongwa, umo kuchinja kuti rive uye kuvesa hurongwa ikashandiswa, iyo inowedzera kunyatsoshanda uye, panguva imwe chete, tinokwanisa yacho chikwata.

Huru simba kutadza nokuda mudhudhudhu injini kugadzira kungadiwa, - zvinoderedza kana kunyange kumira huni wedzerai nokuda blockage. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, shandisa mafuta firita. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuongorora mamiriro dzedenga Sefa uye pombi achigarira maoko.

pedza hurongwa

The chiutsi Hurongwa rine tubular water drainage mugero, nyere uye mafuro. Vaviri-vanga pamusoro saizi uye chimiro zvikamu ezvinhu zviri zvakananga novimba kunyatsoshanda uye simba. Naizvozvo, vakashandisa chiutsi enyika ari mumwe humburumbira nomumwe. Vane resonator chubhu uye varege kamwene.

In chetyrehtaktnikov kusunungurwa kudzora vharafu pamusoro gasi nokuparadzirwa gadziriro, saka kuti resonance mavari hakukoshi. Vachiwanzoti vavanozivana zvose vari airarama chete silencer.

On dzimwe nyaya midhudhudhu vakapakata CATALYTIC converters, izvo kuderedza chepfu choutsi (vari paanoiswa Somuenzaniso, Honda injini nezvimwe vagadziri Japanese). mano yakadaro yakatanga nokuda kuwedzera zvinodiwa kuti chiutsi gasi muna EU, US uye Japan. Kuitira kudzivisa neizvi ejection wemisanganiswa pakati sepombi panguva usimbe uye duku vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft, ari chiutsi mugadziriro dzakawanda mudhudhudhu inopiwa cardinality chaiyo mavharuvhu.