Musa Dzhalil: Biography uye basa zvishoma vana

Musa Dzhalil - nomukurumbira wechiTatar nyanduri. rudzi ose vanodada zvayo kunoshamisa vamiririri. In nhetembo ake Akaunza chizvarwa patriots yomunyika yavo yechokwadi. Maonero anorayiridza ngano mururimi rwavo kunotangira kubva paucheche. mitemo yetsika kuradzikwa pauduku, tinoshandurirwa chitendwa munhu muupenyu hwake. Nhasi zita rake rizivikanwe kure miganhu Tatarstan.

The kutanga okusika nzira

Zita riripo Nyanduri - Musa Mustafovich Jalilov. It inozivikanwa zvishoma, sezvo aizviti Musa Dzhalil. Biography mumwe munhu anotanga kuberekwa. Musa akaberekwa 2 (15) mu February 1906. Life Nyanduri kukuru kwakatanga mune mumwe musha Mustafino kuti iri muna Orenburg mudunhu. The mukomana akazvarwa mwana wechitanhatu mumhuri ine murombo. Mustafa Zalilov (baba) uye Kadirire Zalilova (mai) akaita zvose zvinogoneka uye hazviiti kuti kudzidzisa vana muvanhu, akakodzera kuremekedzwa.

Akadana zvakakomba pauduku - kutaura chinhu. Sezvo mumhuri huru ipi, vose vana vakatanga mangwanani kutora basa chikamu pakutsigira upfumi, iyo Implementation pamusoro pachena Adults zvinodiwa. Seniors kubatsira muduku uye vaiva nebasa kwavari. Junior kudzidza kubva kuvakuru uye tivaremekedze.

Akaratidza mangwanani traction pakudzidza Musa Dzhalil. Brief Biography kudzidziswa kwaakaitwa zvinoenderana mune mitsara shoma. Akaedza kudzidza, kukwanisa zvakajeka uye zvakanaka vataure zvavanofunga. Vabereki vanokuita "Husain" madrasah muna Orenburg. sainzi Divine vakanga yaiteverwa pamwe nokudzidza nyaya enyika. Chinonyanya kufarira mukomana anoranga kuva mabhuku, mufananidzo nokuimba.

Gumi nenhatu kuyaruka anopinda YCL. Pashure kuguma hondo yevagari ropa Musa ari kuva mapoka piyona. Kuti ndirumbidzwe uye dzive nyore kupinda kutsanangura pfungwa Pioneers inonyora nhetembo vana.

Moscow - itsva nguva upenyu

Nokukurumidza akagamuchira nhengo iri Bureau of wechiTatar-Bashkir Chikamu Central Committee pakati Koshanda uye vhocha yakatumwa kuMoscow.

Moscow State University anotora naye pachoto dzavo uye musha muna 1927. Moussa akava mudzidzi ari mabhuku dhipatimendi Ethnological Department. Muna 1931, ivo Moscow State University iri achirapwa nokubatanidzwazve. Saka awana dhipuroma pamusoro mano munyori. Anoramba anyore zvose makore nokudzidziswa nyanduri Musa Dzhalil. Biography ake akanyorwa nomudzidzi nhetembo kuchinja. Ivo vanouya mukurumbira. Shanduro avo Russian, uye verenga kubva panguva kumapati payunivhesiti.

Pakarepo mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo akagadzwa mupepeti magazini zvevana mumutauro wechiTatar. Muna 1932, ari kushanda muguta Serov. Akanyora mabasa akawanda mabhuku Genres. Munyori pave Zhiganov N. dhanzi kunobva nyaya nhetembo "Altin Chech" uye "Ildar." Ndivo ngano vanhu vake vakaisa Musa Dzhalil. Biography uye basa nyanduri vari kupinda kwenguva itsva. Chinotevera Danho basa muMoscow - musoro dhipatimendi mabhuku uye nounyanzvi pepanhau "Communist" mumutauro wechiTatar.

The pre-hondo makore okupedzisira (1939-1941) muupenyu Musa Jalil chokuita Union of Writers of Tatar ASSR. Akagadzwa Executive munyori, mutariri kunyora chikamu wechiTatar dhanzi yemitambo.

Hondo uye upenyu nyanduri

The Great Patriotic Hondo yakavapo muupenyu munyika uye vakashandura zvose zvirongwa. 1941 anova pakachinja Nyanduri. Nemaune anobvunza kumberi Musa Mustafovich Jalil. Bio-murwi nyanduri - ndicho nzira zvaanosarudza. Akaenda muchiuto kuhofisi, achikumbira kuti kumberi. Uye akaramba. nokukurumidza Kutsungirira jaya anopa achida mugumisiro. Iye akapiwa samanisi uye akanzi kupinda Red Army.

Iye akatumwa pasi enyika mwedzi mitanhatu-kudzidzisa vakuru mutaundi duku Menzelinsk. Mushure mekugamuchira musoro mukuru enyika mukuru, anoenda, pakupedzisira, nechemberi. First Leningrad mberi, ipapo Volkhovsky. All varwi pasi kutokonora uye kubhomba. Ushingi vava kuda heroism kunoparira ruremekedzo. It anounganidza mashoko uye akanyora imwe nyaya kuti pepanhau "Ushingi."

Luban kushanda muna 1942 akanga zvinosuruvarisa kwedzimwe kunyora basa Musa. On kumucheto kwomusha nyama Bor iye chinozadzwa vapfurwa mubhokisi, anorasikirwa kuziva uye akabatwa musungwa.

Gamba - nguva dzose gamba

Dambudziko kana kuvhuna munhu kana dzikamisa hunhu hwake. Pasinei noruzivo kunyara rokutapwa Musa Dzhalil, Biography, pfupiso iyo inowanika nevaverengi, akati kusashanduka upenyu nheyo dzake. Munguva dzamarudzi zvichiongororwa, kunetesa basa uye kunonyadzisa kushungurudzwa anoedza kudzivisa muvengi. Kutsvaka shamwari uye kunozarura kwayo "mberi chechipiri" kuti arwe Fascism.

Pakutanga, munyori akasvika kuna kumusasa. Ipapo akadana zita wenhema Musa Gumerov. Kunyengedza vanhu vokuGermany vakabudirira, asi mafeni dzavo - kwete. Akanga vakaziva kunyange yevaNazi kurwadziswa makamuri. Moabit, Spandau Plettsenzee - nzvimbo mujeri Musa. Kwose kwose iye acharamba vanopinda nechisimba munyika yavo.

In Poland, Jalil ari mumusasa pedyo neguta Radom. Pano akaronga pachivande sangano. Zvakaparadzira mapepa ose nhetembo ake pamusoro kukunda, vakatsigira vamwe mupfungwa nomumuviri. The boka sangano muchadya vasungwa kubva mumusasa.

"Pakuuraya" pakati nevaFascist mubasa Nyika Yababa

VaNazi vakaedza kunyengedza varwi nhapwa kudivi ravo. Zvipikirwa akanga vanonyengera, asi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha - kugara mupenyu pane tariro. Saka, zvakanga vakasarudza kutora mukana Musa Dzhalil. Biography anoita zvimwe kune upenyu nyanduri. Akasarudza kuva chikamu chesangano madhipatimendi vatengesi Committee.

VaNazi aitarisira kuti vanhu Volga nharaunda ruchamukira Bolshevism. Tatars uye Bashkirs, Mordovian uye Chuvash vaiva pamusoro urongwa kwavo uye dzinoumba nationalist bato. Vakasarudzwa aiva rakakodzera zita - "Idel-Ural" (Volga-Urals). zita uyu mamiriro kuti aifanira kuitwa pashure kukunda of Legion.

urongwa Nazi akakundikana miviri. Vatarisana navo duku pevhu yokuzviparadzanisa hwakagadzwa Jalil. The yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro Tatars uye Bashkirs wokutanga, akatumira pamberi pedyo Gomel, akatendeuka zvombo zvavo pamusoro vatenzi vavo idzva. Saizvozvowo, dzimwe kuedza zvose yakaguma vaNazi vaishandisa vasungwa vehondo vezvikwata kurwisa mauto eSoviet. VokuGermany akasiya pfungwa.

Yokupedzisira mwedzi upenyu

Concentration Spandau akaratidza dzinouraya kuti upenyu nyanduri. Ndakawana provocateur, uyo akashuma vasungwa pedyo kupukunyuka. Pakati vasungwa yakanga Musa Dzhalil. Biography zvakare chinoita unopinza jana. It vane mutengesi sezvo murongi. Akazvipa pachake nhetembo dzake netumabhuku vakakurudzira varege kuora mwoyo, kubatanidza kundorwa uye vatende mukukunda.

Ndoga mujeri Moabit aiva utiziro rokupedzisira nyanduri. Kurwadziswa uye zvinozipa zvipikirwa, rufu mutsara uye kwakakwidibira pfungwa havana kutyora tsvimbo upenyu. Akatongerwa rufu. Mujeri Plettsenzee August 25, 1944 kutonga anopiwa zviitwe. guillotine chakavakwa muBerlin akatora upenyu munhu mukuru.

Unknown Feat

makore okutanga pashure pehondo zvaiva peji dema kuti mhuri Zalilovyh. Musa yakazivisa mutengesi, akapomerwa mhosva yokupandukira hurumende. Nyanduri Konstantin Simonov airidza basa semunhu aida kubatsira kwechokwadi - kusimudzira zita rakanaka shure. Akauya mhiri bhuku rakanyorwa mumutauro wechiTatar. Ndiye ashandura nhetembo, munyori chakanga Musa Dzhalil. Biography Nyanduri vakachinja pashure bhuku ravo mupepanhau National.

Anopfuura zana nhetembo wechiTatar mudetembi vakatsvikinyidzana notibhuku mbiri duku. saizi yavo (muchanza) vaidiwa nokuti inogumbatira kubva bloodhounds. Vakapiwa mukuru zita renzvimbo kubva Jamila - "Moabit Notebook". Ruchifanoona kuti napedyo wekupedzisira awa, Musa akatuma kukambani cellmate ake. EBelgian Andre Timmermans akakwanisa kuchengetedza rounyanzvi.

Ndabuda kubva pevhu ose antifascist nhetembo Timmermans kubviswa yokumusha kwavo. Ikoko, panguva rekupinda Soviet, akavaisa mumaoko kuti nhumwa. Nenzira iyi yoruwa pamba gwaro iri umhare mufambiro Nyanduri iri Nazi mumisasa.

Lyrics - zvipenyu zvapupu

nhetembo First dzakabudiswa muna 1953. Vakabudiswa muna wechiTatar - chizvarwa munyori - mutauro. Makore maviri gare gare kusunungurwa muunganidzwa inodzokororwa. Zvino muna Russian. Chainge kudzoka kubva kuvakafa. Zita mugari akanaka rakadzorerwa.

Musa Dzhalil akanga paakanga afa muna 1956, akanga paakavapa rokuti "Hero of Soviet Union", gumi namaviri pashure kuurayiwa. 1957 - mutsva sefungu kuziva youkuru nemunyori. Akanga paakavapa ari Lenin Prize pamusana dzakaunganidzwa aisimbisa "Moabit Notebook".

In nhetembo yake, mudetembi sezvo aona yemberi:

Kohl Wanditambudzireiko iwe nhau,
Vachati: "mutengesi nayo! Iye akatengesa nyika yokumusha kwavo "-
Musazvitenda, anodiwa! Shoko iri
Regai kuudza shamwari, kana uchindida.

chivimbo chake chokuti kururamisira kuchavapo uye zita nyanduri guru hakungoerekani kunyura kupinda yokukanganwa, ndizvo achirova:

Heart pamwe wokupedzisira mweya weupenyu
Pedzisa mhiko yake akasimba:
Songs Ndinogara chokushandisa yamadzibaba,
Zvino ndinopa hwangu upenyu kunyika.

Kwesimba zita

Nhasi zita mudetembi raMwari Zvinozivikanwa muna Tatarstan, muRussia yose. Iye anoyeukwa, kuverenga, rumbidzo mu Europe uye Asia, America uye Australia. Moscow uye Kazan, Astrakhan uye Tobolsk, Nizhnevartovsk uye Novgorod Mukuru - izvi uye maguta Russia vazhinji vakaita zita guru mazita mumigwagwa yayo. In Tatarstan, musha vakagamuchira zita vanodada Jalil.

Books uye mafirimu pamusoro nyanduri kubvumira kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa nendima, munyori iri tenzi Mashoko Tatar Musa Dzhalil. Biography zvishoma nokuti vakuru nevana pakusimuka, zvinoratidzwa nemifananidzo vakagarwa chinhu mafirimu. Firimu rine zita iroro sezvo kuunganidzwa wake umhare nhetembo - "Moabit Notebook".