Musical zviratidzo, nemifananidzo nematurusi. Music muchinangwa kwaziso

Kubvira kare kare, kuburikidza unyanzvi vanhu mudzidziso manzwiro avo, pfungwa uye zvakaitika. Vamwe akapendwa ounyanzvi kuti kupenda, kuratidza zvinhu rakafuridzirwa, upenyu hwezuva nezuva, uyewo mungarava pakuyeuka pakati Zvikamu rake Biography. Vamwe zvakavaka siyana zvivako uye pazvivako, achivapa zvimwe rokufananidzira rinoreva. The zvokushamiswa zviya vavo vainzi zvinoshamisa munyika. Kubva pasi pemaoko yechitatu pashure umwe peji kuti nhetembo yemberi, enganonyorwa, epics, apo nguva imwe neimwe nyaya yakanga vakanongazve simba, akakodzera, ari maonero shoko romunyori.

Zvisinei, paiva vaya vakawana achifuridzirwa iri kurira. Ivo akasika chaiwo nematurusi manzwiro pazvichakukundai navo. Vanhu ava vanonzi uye musicians.

Chii mumhanzi?

Mazuva ano, pfungwa "mumhanzi" anopiwa guru mari tsanangudzo. Asi kana ukataura chinangwa, zviri unyanzvi chimiro, chikuru nyaya iri imwe inzwi.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vakawanda mitauro yekare shoko rinoreva "mabasa afungisisa anoti."

musayendisiti Soviet Arnold Sochor, akavapindurawo, vaidavira kuti mumhanzi inonanga inoratidza chokwadi, uyewo kupa dzokupisa hwevanhu kuburikidza zvahunoreva uye chinokosha nenzira yakarongwa urefu, uye pamusoro nguva kurira kutevedzana, chimwe chikuru inova zvenzwi.

Nhoroondo Pfupi Music

Kubvira kare, vanhu aifarira mumhanzi. On muganhu Africa yekare kuburikidza zvakasiyana siyana nziyo dziri chikamu tsika, akaedza kuonana midzimu, vanamwari. MuIjipiti, ndiye mumhanzi kureva nziyo dzechitendero. Paiva mazwi akadai "chido" uye "misetrii" anoenzanisa kuti Genre. Mabasa inozivikanwa kwazvo muIjipiti vaiva "Book of the Dead" uye "Pyramid Texts", richitsanangura "chido" mwari Egyptian Osiris. VaGiriki vekare vaiva vanhu vokutanga munyika uyo mutsika dzavo vakakwanisa kuzadzisa yepamusoro mashoko mimhanzi. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera pano uye kuti vari kokutanga uye akaona kuvapo mhando nenguva yaakaronga kuti apote pakati kwemasvomhu tsika uye ruzha.

Nenziyo vakashanduka uye dzinokura nokufamba kwenguva. Zvakatanga kumira panze nzvimbo dzinoverengeka anokosha.

Maererano dzekare pfungwa, mashoko IX remakore pasi pakanga zvinotevera Genres mimhanzi: Gregorian dau (kureva zvakasiyana siyana muchechi mumhanzi, dzidziso), mmusik rwiyo uye enyika mumhanzi (muenzaniso Genre uyu wakajeka - the rwenyika). In nedanho nekuita pakati vanhu, Genres ava zvishoma aivhengana, pova itsva, kusiyana yapfuura vaya. Saka, muna kuguma XIX remakore kwakange Jazz, iyo yakava tateguru Genres zhinji ano.

Ndezvipi zvokuridza zviratidzo?

Zvinobvira sei kuti vanyore mitinhimira? Musical marimba notation - pane zvinodiwa Graphics, izvo iri pamusoro Norwaykuva. chikuru basa ravo ndiwo pakunzi pakakwirira uye hama ya ruzha. Hazvina chakavanzika Musical notation kushandiswa nheyo mumhanzi. Zvisinei, hazvina kupiwa vose. Dzidza marimba zviratidzo - chaizvo muitiro unoparadza nguva-, zvibereko izvo achagona kuravidza chete kupfuura mwoyo murefu uye anoshingaira.

Kana tinotanga yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvinhu mazuva ano notation, ipapo nyaya ino richava vakariisa zvinyoronyoro, guru kwazvo. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kunyora yoga, zvikuru kwazvo basa pamusoro navarongo zviratidzo. Imwe yakakurumbira vatambi Zvechokwadi, "treble clefkuva". Panguva ivepo zvazova chiratidzo mumhanzi.

Ndechipi zviridzwa uye ndezvipi?

Zvinhu kuti zvinopa kukwanisa kusvina nekuve manzwi vaifanira kusika chigadzirwa, rinozivikanwa zviridzwa. Tools dziripo nhasi, maererano nemano avo, chinangwa, kurira unhu rakakamurwa dzakawanda huru mapoka: keyboards, percussion, mhepo, tambo uye rutsanga.

Kune dzimwe classifications zhinji (somuenzaniso wakajeka Hornbostelya Sachs-maitiro).

Panobva zvokunyama chero chiridzwa kuti unobereka nziyo pasi (kunze siyana magetsi mano), mumwe resonator. Sezvo kunogona tambo, anonzi oscillation redunhu, shongwe mhepo (mu imwe mari), kana chero chinhu kuti ane mukana kuchengetera simba zvaitambidzwa payo muchimiro vibrations.

The resonant kakawanda rokutanga overtone richivira (nemamwe mashoko, chikuru matauriro) ruzha kuti anogadzirwa panguva.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti huchashandiswa anokwanisa panguva kutamba mazwi, zvakaenzana nokuwanda resonators kushandiswa. Magadzirirwo zvingasanganisira yakasiyana nhamba wavo. Wabvisa Audio kunotangira nguva apo mhango jekiseni simba. Kana muimbi Zvakakodzera kumisa ruzha iri rokumanikidzirwa hwaro, zvinokwanisika kushandisa zvakadaro zvakaitika, sezvo damping. Kana vamwe zvishandiso zvinobvira kuchinja resonance maitikiro. Mune dzimwe nhumbi, izvo zvibereko non-nziyo ruzha (akadai - ngoma), mudziyo uyu haasi kushandiswa.

Chii mumhanzi uye ndezvipi?

Mupfungwa yakakura mimhanzi, kana, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi: opus - iri chero kutamba, improvisation, zvavo rwiyo. Nemamwe mashoko, anenge zvose zvinogona kutapukira kuburikidza vibrations mazwi akarayira. Kazhinji, kunoratidzwa imwe kukwana, mari nenzvimbo (kuburikidza marimba zviratidzo, manotsi uye zvichingodaro. D.), Some mhando chido. Uyewo chinokosha akasiyanawo nevamwe, izvo zvinoreva kuti, sezvo mutemo, ndivo manzwiro uye zvakaitika munyori, kuti aida kupa vateereri basa rake.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shoko rokuti "mumhanzi" sezvo pfungwa zvakanaka hwakasimbiswa akazviratidza zvoupenyu Ndimi achiri ichangopfuura (musi chaiwo hazvizivikanwi, asi kumwe mudunhu XVIII-XIX remakore). Kusvikira nguva ino akatsiviwa munzira dzose.

Somuenzaniso, Vilgelm Gumboldt uye Johann mufudzi pachinzvimbo rinoshandiswa shoko "mabasa". Munguva iri chains-garde rokuremekedza kunotsiviwa ne "chiitiko", "mugove", "akazaruka chimiro". Pari zvino pane yakawanda yakasiyana mumhanzi. We anoratidza kuti funga yakakurumbira, zvinofadza uye kujairika vavo.

I. Song (kana rwiyo)

Song - ndeimwe nyore, asi nevakawanda zvidimbu mumhanzi, umo enhetembo acho pamwe iri nyore korasi kuti zviri nyore kuyeuka.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti rwiyo ndiyo imwe nzvimbo dzakawanda yakatanga mupfungwa kuti pane vazhinji-siyana, Genres pari, uye zvichingodaro. D.

II. nezvimwe

Symphony (muchiGiriki - "maererano, runako, maererano") raireva chimedu mumhanzi, iyo anonyanya chinangwa chokupika mumhanzi, izvo zvinogona mhepo, tambo, mukamuri uye zvakasiyana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, usimoni anogona zvaisanganisira vocals kana korasi.

Kakawanda basa iri kuuya pamwe nemamwe Genres, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe yakavhenganiswa chimiro (semuenzaniso, Symphony Suite, Symphony-Poem, Symphony Fantasy uye zvakafanana. D.)

III. Kuvhurira uye Fugue

Kuvhurira (kubva muchiLatin prae - «kuuya» uye ludus - «Game") - iri diki basa iro, kusiyana nevamwe, hakuna yakaoma chimiro.

Kunyanya preludes uye fugues vari nhumbi akadai harpsichord, nhengo, piyano

Pakutanga, zvigadzirwa aya aiendeswa vaiimba vaiva nomukana 'anodziya "pamberi huru chikamu unongotaura. Zvisinei, gare gare vakanga vatova govera vaviri akazvimirira chepakutanga chigadzirwa.

IV. vanobudirira

Iyi mhando Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo, sezvo rokufungwa kwete zvikuru. Touche - (French kuti "kiyi", "kupinda") ndiyo mumhanzi muchinangwa kwaziso. Kokutanga izwi rave kushandisa pakati XVIII remakore muGermany.

Chinangwa chikuru basa iri kukwezva vateereri afunge kuitika, uyewo pakatanga yakakodzera mupfungwa coloring ari chiitiko (kazhinji siyana mitambo). Kazhinji mimhanzi basa kwaziso anotora nendarira bhendi. Zvirokwazvo munhu wose akambonzwa zvitunha, izvo anoitwa panguva yacho mutongo, uye zvichingodaro. N.

In wedu nhasi nyaya, takakurukura ndezvipi zviridzwa, nezviratidzo, anoshanda. Tinovimba zvichava anobatsira uye idzidzise vaverengi.