Napoleonic Code: nhoroondo uye zvinokosha

The Civil Code kushandisa muFrance muna 1804 uye akanzi ari Code Napoleon, ndiyo chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nomutemo zviito zviri munhoroondo yevanhu. Izvi imhaka kwete chete kune zita kunozivikanwa pamambo, iye amene akatora Zvinoshingaira pakasikwa gwaro iri, asi kune zvikuru iye akanga ari zvose European simba mutemo wehurumende.

Pashure zviitiko French Revolution dzose pamutemo uye pamutemo yemibvunzo munyika akatora mumwe panzvimbo kujeka chimiro: pano zvakanyatsobatana echimurenga dzemunharaunda zvitsva akararama ayo zera mitemo yekare youmambo. Panyaya iyi, nokuti vazhinji vemo zvaikosha chaizvo kuti zviri pamutemo hwokuchengetedza dzinokosha pfuma vechimurenga uye kudzivirira kudzokera yekare. Zviri dambudziko iri uye nokupa kugadzirisa aiva Napoleonic Code.

The chinangwa Gwaro rino akakura mune ramangwana pamambo kwenguva refu. Aiziva kuti zvakanga uchibatsirwa zvemitemo vanyorwa inokosha vehurumende kodzero chavagari kweFrance , aigona kudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu ari muvanhu, kupa zvakasimbisa zvayo pakuzadzisa. A komisheni chaiyo rakaumbwa kunyora, vanoshingaira mubasa raakanga akatora First Mumiriri Napoleon Bonaparte. Vanonyanya kupa kwegadziriro ino Code kuva nzvimbo yeRoma mutemo private uye Declaration of Dzevana Man. Muna March 1804 vakuru Civil Code rakazoshandiswa uye vapinda nechisimba.

Code Napoleon muna 1804 inosanganisira zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu. Chikamu chokutanga rakazvipira masangano akadai muchato, pavaichengetwa, kurambana, nevamwe. Mazano anokosha muchikamu chino vari wakaenzana vagari pamberi mutemo uye inviolability pfuma kodzero.

Kuti pfuma nyaya dzaiva chigumbuso pakati tsaru varidzi uye varidzi itsva. Code Napoleon zvachose kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, nezvokutengeswa inadmissibility pakati kumanikidza redistribution munyika uye vamwe pfuma vakabvumirwa zvivako.
Uridzi uye anopfuurira kunzwisisa chechipiri. Pano, inonyatsotaura kuti kurasira pfuma yayo haungavhenekeri kukuvadza vamwe uye, panguva imwe chete, hapana munhu anogona kumanikidzwa kusiya pfuma yavo. Hurumende saka vanofanira kufungidzira basa mugoveri pakati pfuma kusawirirana pakati vagari.

In yaro chetatu Napoleonic Code zvinoshanda contractual ukama kunobva uridzi. Chekutanga, muchikamu chino isu patsanura kwema, ramakagadzwa aunonyanya nhaka kondirakiti waakazvitengesa uye kuzozvidzorerwa. Chechipiri, kuona zvinhu zviri contractual ukama tsamwisa, chinonyanya kukosha zvinogona kunzi yokuzvidira uye dzepamutemo kuenzana vemapato.

The Civil Code pamusoro 1804 kwaiva bumbiro rokutanga mitemo muFrance, zvakafanana nokuti yose nyika. Naizvozvo, zvakanga yakapiwa vose French dzaidzorwa, uye akanga vakazobvumirana nenyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope uye American.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Civil Code, mumwe akakurumbira weRoma zvemitemo basa haringorevi. Zvakafanana vawana mukurumbira uye Criminal Code of Napoleon, vakagamuchirwa muna 1810 uye inopa yepamutemo yokuti ari kutonga kwacho matsotsi.