Aitonga mushure Peter 1? Russia pashure Peter 1

Nhoroondo Russia nezvi- epochs siyana, imwe neimwe iyo avasakadza munyika. Mumwe hunogutsa uye kudenha zvikuru gakava razova ushe Peter I Mukuru, uyo akapedza kudzidza maererano kufirwa Kesari January 25, 1725.

Russia pasina mambo? Aitonga mushure Peter 1

Makore matatu asati afa autocrat aifanira chirevo, rakachinja raivapo kare kuti yokugara kuti paChigaro: ikozvino mugari wenhaka haana kuva mwanakomana wedangwe, uye mwanakomana, uyo baba vake vaiona vakakodzera kutora nzvimbo yakadaro kukudzwa. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva nokuti mwanakomana wamambo, anogona mugari wenhaka pachigaro Tsarevich Aleksey, akapomerwa anorongera baba yake, uye somugumisiro, rufu. Muna 1718 muchinda akafa masvingo wakakombwa.

Zvisinei, asati afa, Peter handina nguva kugadza mambo mutsva, tichisiya nyika, kukura rakamwisa saka kuishandira, pasina mutongi.

Somugumisiro, mashomanana akatevera vave kuchiratidzwa dzakawanda wamambo the, chinangwa rakanga kubata simba. Sezvo pakanga pasina mukuru mugari wenhaka yakatarwa achida pachigaro choushe akaedza kuratidza kuti zvakavakodzera kodzero iyi.

The kubvuta masimba wokutanga, kuitwa Guards mukadzi Peter I - pakuberekwa Marty Skavronskoy, dzakakurumbira aizivikanwa Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova (Catherine I) - vakauya kutanga simba munhoroondo mukadzi Russian.

Aitarisira akagadzwa ramangwana Empress-Russian zvose kushamwaridzana mushakabvu mambo, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, uyo akava of facto mutongi wehurumende.

pashure Peter 1 Russia - chaizvo rinokosha munhoroondo yenyika. Strict hurongwa uye kurangwa, iyo pamwe chakaitika ushe Kesari zvino akarasika ekare simba raro.

Catherine I: ndiani iye?

March Skavronskaya (zvino Empress zita) vaibva mhuri Baltic vanhuwo zvavo. Iye akaberekwa April 5, 1684. Early vakarasikirwa nevabereki vose, iye akakurira mumhuri ine mufundisi yechiPurotesitendi.

Panguva Great Northern War (pakati Sweden uye Russia), muna 1702, muna March, pamwe chete nevamwe vagere nhare neguta reMarienburg yakatorwa nemauto Russian, uye ipapo basa Prince Menshikov. Pane shanduro mbiri sei izvi zvakaitika.

Imwe shanduro inoti muna March akava mwene Count Sheremetyev - weuto wokuRussia. Akaona Prince Alexander Danilovich - kufarira kuti Petra Velikogo - uye kushandisa simba rake, akatora musikana kumba kwake.

Maererano neimwe shanduro, Marta akava pakushandisa varanda Colonel Baur, apo maziso ake uye ndikaisa Menshikov akatora kumba kwake. Uye pano zvakanzi akacherechedza oga Peter I.

Rapprochement pamwe Peter I

Muna 9 Makore Marita aiva mwene namambo. Muna 1704, akazvara mwana wake wokutanga - mwanakomana Peter uye ipapo mwanakomana wechipiri - Paul. Zvisinei, vakomana vaviri vakaurayiwa.

Paumbwe yemberi Empress anotora hanzvadzi Peter I - Natalia A., Martha akadzidzira kuverenga nokunyora. Uye muna 1705, akabhabhatidzwa muna musikana Orthodox anonzi Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. Muna 1708 uye 1709 makore vanoberekwa Catherine mwanasikana Peter I - Anna uye Elizabeth (dzakazova choumambo pasi zita raJehovha Elizabeth).

Pakupedzisira muna 1712 chechi St. John Dalmitskogo kumuchato Peter I - Catherine akava azere nhengo dzemhuri youmambo. 1724 aizivikanwa yakatarwa kugadza Marty Skavronskoy muna kubvuma Cathedral muMoscow. Akagamuchira korona kubva pamaoko mambo.

Ndiani uye kana mitemo muRussia

Pakafa Peter 1 Russia zvakazara kuziva zvinodiwa kuti nyika pasina mutongi ane simba. Sezvo Prince Menshikov yakahwina nyasha namambo, uye gare gare akabatsira Catherine Ndimire musoro wehurumende, mubvunzo wokuti ndiani anotonga pashure Peter 1, mhinduro yakarurama iri - Prince Alexander Danilovich, vanoshingaira mubasa upenyu nyika uye kutora sarudzo inokosha. Zvisinei, ushe ari Empress, pasinei rutsigiro kwakadaro simba, haana kugara kwenguva refu - kusvikira May 1727.

Paaigara pachigaro choushe Catherine I, basa rinokosha mutemo Russia panguva iyoyo airidza Mukuru achizivawo Council, akamisa pamberi pamukwidzwa choumambo Empress. Raisanganisira vakadaro vaikudzwa uye vakakurumbira mune Russian Empire panguva iyoyo vanhu vakaita Prince Alexander Menshikov (musoro womuviri), Dmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, Peter NdiTolstoy.

Pakutanga ushe Catherine I aiitwa mitero uye akaregererwa vasungwa vakawanda kubatana uye mujeri. Kunokonzerwa nokuchinja kwakafanana kwave kutya bongozozo nokuda inosimuka mitengo, izvo kunokonzeresa kwaizounza Kusagutsikana pakati vagari.

Uyezve, zvave akadzima kana dzakachinjwa kuchinja kunze naPetro:

• munhu zvishoma basa rinokosha muupenyu enyika munyika vakatanga kuridza Seneti;

• magavhuna akanga yakatsiviwa zviremera zvemo;

• A basa rinokosha, rinoumbwa vatungamiriri vemauto yave akaronga kuti kuvandudzika mauto.

Zvakagadzirwa Catherine I. Domestic uye vatorwa negwaro

Nokuti uyo anotonga pashure Peter 1 (kureva wake), zvakanga zvakaoma kurova mambo-muvandudzi ari chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda negwaro. Kubva zvakagadzirwa kucherechedza pakusikwa Academy of Sciences uye sangano iri rwendo, rinotungamirirwa yakakurumbira aiongorora Vitus Bering Kamchatka.

In yokumwe gwara zvavo, Catherine ndakabata maonero wake; iye vakatsigira zvinotaura Holstein Duke Karla Fridriha (anouya mwanakomana vomurume) kuna Schleswig. Izvi zvakaita kuti kusvinwa ukama Britain uye Denmark. Zvakaguma nebope pakati accession reRussia kuti Vienna Union (yaisanganisira Spain, Prussia uye Austria) muna 1726.

Russia pashure Peter 1 vakatodzidza vaipiwa kuchinja Kurland. Zvakanga zvikuru kuti Prince Menshikov akaronga kuti panguva musoro duchy, asi vanhu veko mukazvizarurira Kusagutsikana nezvazvo.

Nemhaka vavatorwa wokuti Catherine I uye Alexander Danilovich (ndizvozvo aitonga Russia pashure pokufa Peter 1 Chokwadi), umambo aigona kubvuta Shirvan nharaunda (rine kubudirira zvichemo panyaya iyi kubva Persia uye Turkey). Uyewo, akavonga Prince Raguzinsky, ushamwari naye China dzakatangwa.

Mugumo rokutonga Empress

Catherine I, simba yakaguma muna May 1727, apo Empress akafa yechi44 gore upenyu kubva zvemapapu chirwere. Ivo akamuviga munhare.

Asati afa, Catherine aida kuti mwanasikana wake Empress Elizabeth, zvisinei, kamwe zvakare akateerera Menshikov uye akasarudzwa mudyi wenhaka uye muzukuru wamambo Russia - Peter II Alexeyevich, uyo panguva accession kuti chigaro aiva nemakore 11 okuberekwa.

Regent aiva kunze Prince Alexander Danilovich (chokwadi ichi kamwe zvakare zvinoratidza, aitonga mushure Peter 1 muna Russia). Menshikov nokukurumidza akaroora achangobva mambo nemwanasikana wake Maria, saka mberi vachisimbisa pokudzora courtly uye voruzhinji upenyu.

Zvisinei, simba Prince Alexander Danilovich haana kugara kwenguva refu pashure pokufa Emperor Peter II , chaaipomerwa rangano uye akafa kuutapwa.

pashure Petra Velikogo Russia - iri zvachose mamiriro, apo pakutanga haisi kubuda zvinhu uye kuchinja, uye kutamburira choushe, uye oedza kuratidza ukuru zvimwe zvidzidzo pamusoro pevamwe.