Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich: Biography, mhuri

Zita akakurumbira Soviet uye Russian mudetembi uye mmusik Bulat Okudzhava vanoshamwaridzana, kana kwete zvose, zvino kupfuura. Zvisinei, kwete zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pamusoro inosuruvarisa upenyu vabereki vake. Zvichakadaro Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich pane imwe nguva mumwe varongi ose vokuGeorgia Young Communist League, uye akaita basa rinokosha mune maindasitiri kuvandudzika Urals simba.

dzinza

Sekuru Shalva Okudzhava akadana divi Paul Peremushev ramai. Akatamira Georgia pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakazotanga AP Peremushev kare kwemakore 25 ari vaiendeswa uye pashure basa akagamuchira mugove muna Kutaisi. Pane dzakasiyana siyana pamusoro wayo mavambo. Maererano rakajairika, yakanga kana Russian kana Mordvinian. Vamwe vanotsvakurudza vanowanzomuitira funga iye muJudha kubva cantonments. In Kutaisi P. Peremushev akatanga kushanda sezvo nemusoni uye nokukurumidza murume Georgia kuti Salome Medzmariashvili. Akanga vanasikana vatatu, mukuru vacho - Elizabeth - akava mudzimai mumwe mabharani Stepan Okudzhava. In muchato uyu vakaberekerwa vana vasere.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich akaberekwa muna August 1901. Paaiva nemakore 10 okuberekwa, akanga abvuma kudzidza panguva vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata jimunasiyamu pamusoro Kutaisi. Ndava nemakore makore 16 Shalva vakabatanawo kuipandukira, achitevera muenzaniso vakoma Nicholas uye Michael, vaiita vechikamu Anti-hurumende zviito mumazuva yaFebruary chimurenga.

Party basa

Muna 1918 Shalva Okudjava akabatana RCP (B) uye nokuda bato mubasa Koshanda sangano Georgia. Kubvira panguva iyoyo kusvikira 1921, apo simba yeSoviet hwakagadzwa nyika, akanga yakavanda uye pakugona nesayenzi enyika hondo. Mushure Shalva Okudzhava akagadzwa sachigaro Kutaisi Provincial Komiti Koshanda, uye muna 1921 iye kwaitsigirwa kuva musoro sangano dhipatimendi Central Committee pakati Koshanda of Georgia.

In Moscow

Muna 1921 Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich akasarudzwa nenhume kuna Congress of Comintern uye kekutanga Moscow. Panguva imwe purogiramu kuungana kwakaitwa Vladimir Lenin mushumo chokuita itsva upfumi negwaro. Akaita mwoyo chaizvo wechiduku Communist, zvikaita chido mabasa chokuita kukura upfumi rejaya Soviet State. Kuti izvi zvidaro, Shalva Okudzhava akagara guru uye vakapinda rorusununguko Economics wokutanga State University. Pandaidzidza guru, akasangana navo Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandian, vanouya hama kuti nyanduri yakakurumbira Vahan Teryan. The vechidiki kudanana uye takabva taroorana. Muna May 1924 vaiva mwanakomana - Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava.

In Tbilisi

Nguva pfupi pashure kuberekwa mwanakomana wake Shalva Okudzhava akanga nokukurumidza varangana Tbilisi sezvo sangano Georgian Pati vanoda vashandi vakadzidza. Atova December 1924, akagadzwa mukuru weDhipatimendi kugadzikana uye manyepo pamusoro Tiflis City Party Committee, mumwe Commissioner aiva muchiuto chikoro Georgian murayiro pashure 2 years. Zvadaro, muna 1929, Shalva Stepanovich akatumwa kudzidza muguta guru, apo vakapedza kudzidza Institute of Marxism-Leninism. Tadzokera kumusha kwake aine makore 30, musikana mukomiyunisiti akagadzwa munyori City Party Committee, uye akasarudzwa kuva nhengo Central Committee of Georgia.

Relations pamwe Beria

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nechokunze muupenyu Shalva Okudjava zvakanga kupfuura zvakanaka, chokwadi, pamusoro musoro wake makore vakanga achiunganidza. Kana pakutanga kwake basa, aiva pasi auspices of Sergo Ordzhonikidze, shure Georgia akava commissar Beria, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvinoshamisa. Vakatendeseka uye nenheyo Okudjava akaramba kutaura nehasha pamusoro wayo vashandi itsika. Paivawo nerunyerekupe kuti Lavrenty Pavlovich haana hanya Ashkhen, iyo yainzi wevakadzi yakaisvonaka kwazvo Georgian guru iyoyo. Pakapera Okudzhava Ndakaona kuti zviri nani kusiya Tiflis, uye akaenda nemhuri yake kuMoscow. Ikoko akanga akabayira chinzvimbo muna Nizhny Tagil raakanga nomufaro.

ari Urals

The initiator pakugadzwa Okudzhavy pambiru Munyori Party Committee Uralvagonstroya muna Nizhny Tagil akava Sergo Ordzhonikidze, zvikuru akaonga ake professionalism uye mabhizimisi acumen. Muna February 1934, Ordzhonikidze akava senhume rechi17 Party Congress, uye papera gore aiva idzva mumhanyi - 1st munyori Nizhny Tagil guta komiti iri CPSU (b). Pamusana basa rake nani kushanda ezvinhu kuti kakawanda rakati Ordzhonikidze, kazhinji kuzoongorora kuvaka Uralvagonzavod.

kusunga

February 18, 1937 vashandi of NKVD Tagil matikitivha akatora nechisimba mufurati kwaaigara Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. By chinoshamisa masanga, nhasi muMoscow, akapfurwa shamwari yake uye vaichengetedza pamusoro Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

Okudzhava ave refu kunzwisisa pekusadziviririka hwaakasungwa. Mumazuva iwayo, chero anogona kutumira mumisasa pasina chikonzero, uye Okudzhava aiva chitsitsinho ari achilles '- hama counterrevolutionaries kuti pashure kuziviswa simba Soviet kuGeorgia, akabatana kuruboshwe-bapiro kushorwa. Kunyange zvazvo ivo kamwe vakaenda kubatana, muna 1936 vakanga vakasungwa zvakare uye mhosva pamwe Trotskyism.

Kusungwa Director Uralvagonstroy L. Maryasin chirimwa akapa "uchapupu", maererano aakataura Okudjava akaedza vauraye Sergo Ordzhonikidze pakushanya kwake kuna Nizhny Tagil. Izvi zvenhema muna 1937 kwakanga kwakakura zvakakwana, mubvunzo ruponeso aigona kuva yakareba, kunyanya nokuti yaiva mhuri yakanga akanyorwa pakati pachavo vavengi Lavrenty Beria.

Shalva Okudzhava akazviratidza pamazita vaiva pasi "udzvanyiriri pakati muchikwata yokutanga." At bato jargon nguva mashoko izvi zvaireva kuti musungwa aizopfurwa. Gwaro iri izvi yomusi April 1, 1937, uye pasi pake pakanga siginicha Stalin vake, Molotov uye Kaganovich. The mutongo akaurayiwa musi 4 August 1937.

The dambudziko nehama

Pashure pekusungwa musoro wemhuri wake, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva munyori District Party Committee muna Nizhny Tagil, vanakomana (Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava uye Victor, akaberekwa muna 1934), uyewo amai vakwegura vakatamira Moscow uye vaigara zvaiita furati pamusoro Arbat. Ikoko akadzidza kuti bara ndiyewo babamunini remangwana yakakurumbira mmusik. zvakashata mhuri haina kugumira ipapo, uye muna 1938 amai Okudzhava vake Akasungwa muMoscow, uye akatumirwa Karlag. Akadzokera guru chete muna 1947.

Trotskyism akapomerwa uye hanzvadzi Shalva - Olga Okudzhava. Musikana akanga ari mukadzi yakakurumbira nyanduri Georgian Galaktion Tabidze. Panguva yake kusungwa, akanga arwara, asi izvozvo hazvina kumisa NKVD kuti amutumire muutapwa. Olga vakatsauka imwe mujeri kusvikira iye ari Orel. September 11, 1941 mumwe mukadzi, uyewo vasungwa vanopfuura 150, pasi NKVD akapfura musango Medvedev, inova munhu makiromita mashoma kuchamhembe kweguta.

Pakafa Iosifa Stalina mudzimai Shalva Okudzhava akava zvose zvinoreva kuti vabudirire rokuchinjwa wake. Izvi iye akakwanisa chete mutengo chaizvo nesimba muna 1956. Muchiitiko chino, vakanga nechokwadi vaimboshanda guta reDare Nizhny Tagil uye vaigara muguta, akasimbisa nepakuchena wake.

Zvino munoziva kuti aiva ani uye sei akafa Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. Mudzimai nechokwadi rechiKomonisiti - Ashkhen Nalbandian - akavawo nedambudziko Stalin kuti udzvanyiriri, uye mwanakomana wavo, Bulat kwoupenyu hwake kushushikana marwadzo mupfungwa, kuyeuka unosuruvarisa zvichaitirwa vabereki vavo.