The chidzoke of Palestinian dambudziko. The Palestinian dambudziko panguva ino Danho

The Palestinian dambudziko chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nyaya nokuda dzakawanda. It yakatanga muna 1947 uye akaumba hwaro Middle East kurwisana, kukura uko akacherechedza kusvikira zvino.

Nhoroondo Pfupi Palestine

Kwakatangira Palestinian dambudziko anofanira kutsvaka kare. Zvadaro nzvimbo iyi yaiva pachimiro inovava hondo pakati Mesopotamia, Ijipiti neFenikiya. Mambo David akasikwa yakasimba yevaJudha wayo muzinda muJerusarema. Asi muna II. BC. e. pano vaRoma vakapinda. Vakapamba nyika uye vakamutumidza zita idzva - Palestine. Somugumisiro, vaJudha vakawanda akamanikidzwa tama, uye nokukurumidza akagadzirisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye hwakakanyiwa vaKristu.

Mune VII. Palestine akanga pasi vechiArabhu kukunda. kutonga kwavo munzvimbo iyi yakatora kweanenge 1,000 kwemakore. In yechipiri yezana XIII - pakutanga XVI remakore. Palestine yaiva ruwa Egipita, uyo akatonga panguva yose Mamluk dzinza. Pashure paizvozvo, nharaunda yakava chikamu hweOttoman Empire. By kuguma XIX remakore. dzinounzwa mudunhu icharwirwa muJerusarema, rakanga zvakananga pasi pesimba Istanbul.

Pokugadzwa British wokureva

The chidzoke of Palestinian dambudziko wakabatana British mutemo, unofanira saka funga nhoroondo pokugadzwa British wokureva munzvimbo iyi.

Muna Balfour Declaration wakabudiswa munguva World War First. Maererano nawo UK vane mafungiro akanaka kuti nokuumba musha National vaJudha muPalestine. Zvadaro, kukunda nyika akatuma regioni Zionist vakazvipira.

Muna 1922, Chinzwano chaMarudzi akapa Britain atenderwa pamusoro Palestine. It ndokupinda simba muna 1923.

Munguva kubva 1919 kusvika muna 1923 kuPalestine vaitama zvuru 35 vaJudha, uye kubvira 1924 kusvika 1929 -. 82 zviuru.

Mamiriro kuPalestine panguva British murayiro

Munguva British murayiro, misha yevaJudha uye Arab akatungamirira yakazvimirira mumhuri negwaro. Muna 1920 g. Hagan (mamiriro anokonzera kuzvida Jewish) akanga aumba. Vagari vokuParestina akavaka dzimba uye migwagwa, ivo vakasika dzakabudirira zvoupfumi uye munzanga kwezvivako. Izvi zvakaita kuti pfundepfunde navaArabhu, mugumisiro zvakanga pogroms Anti-Jewish. Panguva ino (1929) kutanga kubuda Palestinian dambudziko. Hurumende yeBritain iri ezvinhu vakatsigira vechiJudha. Zvisinei pogroms zvakatungamirira kudiwa kukurambidza kutama kwavo kuParestina, uyewo kutenga panyika pano. Vakuru kunyange atara Yaunoti White Paper Passfilda. Zvinonzi yekudyidzana shoma yokutama vaJudha Palestinian nyika.

Mamiriro kuPalestine pamberi Hondo Yenyika II

Pashure kuuya nesimba Adolf Hitler muGermany, akatamira kuParestina, mazana ezviuru vaJudha. Panyaya iyi, Royal Commission zvinganaka zviparadzanise British murayiro ndima nyika muzvikamu zviviri. Saka, kuti akasika dzechiJudha uye dzemaArabhu. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti zvikamu zvose aimbova Palestine vanowanzotevedzera chibvumirano vaite pamwe England. Izvi zvakataurwa vaJudha anotsigirwa, asi navaArabhu vaishora. Vakakumbira paumbwe imwe kusaroora, izvo kwakagonesa kuenzana vemadzinza ose.

In 1937-1938. It akabata hondo pakati pevaJudha uye navaArabhu. Pashure pokupedza kwayo (1939), MacDonald White Paper yambokurukurwa ne British nezviremera. Raiva panyaya kuumba mumakore 10 vasina kuroora umo maArab vaJudha achatora mugove hurumende. Zionists kushoropodza MacDonald White Paper. Pazuva zvayo kuenzanisira bhuku wakaitwa vechiJudha, mauto Haganah vakaita vachiurayiwa zvinokosha zvine urongwa zvivako.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II

Pashure kuuya simba, Churchill Haganah Mauto vachishingaira vaiitawo muBritish divi mune ruvengo muSiriya. Kamwe akanyangarika mungozi nechisimba mauto eNazi pamusoro ndima muParestina, Irgun (a clandestine gandanga sangano) akatungamirira kupandukira England. Pashure pehondo, Britain kupinza panopindwa vaJudha muruwa. Panyaya iyi, zvave vabatana pamwe Haganah Irgun. Ivo akasika sangano "kurwisa vechiJudha." Nhengo Masangano aya vakarwisa inokosha zvinhu, akaita yokuedza pamusoro vamiririri yaitonga yaitonga. Muna 1946, mauto rakavhuvhuta ose mabhiriji kuti chokuita Palestine dzakavakidzana inoti.

Creation weHurumende yaIsraeri. The chidzoke of Palestinian dambudziko

Muna 1947, United Nations akateerera zano nokuda partition vokuParestina, sezvo Britain vakati vasingagoni kudzora zvinhu munyika. Rakanga vakaumba komiti kunyika 11. Maererano chisarudzo cheUN General Assembly, pashure May 1, 1948, apo munhu zvipere yokuBritain murayiro, Palestine anofanira partitioned huviri inoti (Jewish uye Arab). Saka Jerusarema rinofanira kunge pasi pesimba rese. This UN ronga rakagamuchirwa vazhinji vhoti.

May 14, 1948 rakaparidzirwa yakazvimirira hwaIsraeri. Chaizvoizvo kuguma British wokureva kuPalestine awa rimwe asati, David Ben-Gurion pachena mashoko ari "Declaration of Independence".

Saka, pasinei nokuti pafungidziro uku hwakapiwa kwokutanga, kuti chidzoke pamusoro Palestinian dambudziko iri chokuita pakusikwa State yaIsraeri.

Hondo 1948-1949,

Zuva rakatevera pashure kuziviswa chisarudzo kwaIsraeri kusika pasi kunharaunda yayo yakarwisa Siria, Iraqi mauto, Lebanon, Ijipiti uye Transjordan. Chinangwa Arab nyika idzi kwaiva kuparadza richangobva kuumbwa hurumende. The Palestinian dambudziko rave akarwarisa nokuda matsva ezvinhu. Muna May 1948, veIsrael Defence Forces (IDF) akasikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hurumende itsva rinotsigira US. With izvi June 1948, Israeri yakatanga pakaunda-inogumbura. Kurwa yakaguma chete muna 1949. Panguva yehondo, Israeli raitungamirirwa West Jerusarema akaratidza kuva zvokutora rutivi Arab ndima.

NeSuez danidziro 1956

Pashure hondo yokutanga, dambudziko inotungamirwa Palestinian statehood uye kuziva rusununguko navaArabhu waIsraeri haana vakanyangarika, asi haana kuipa.
Muna 1956, Egypt nationalized ari neSuez Canal. France neBritain vakatanga kugadzirira oparesheni, chikuru zvinesimba simba rakanga kununura Israeri. Military akavhiyiwa akatanga muna October 1956 muna Sinai Peninsula. Pakazopera November, vaIsraeri aidzora zvinenge zvose mundima yayo (kusanganisira Sharm eri-Sheikh uye Gaza Strip). Izvi zvakonzera Kusagutsikana of USSR uye USA. Pakazotanga 1957, England uye Israeri mauto akabva mudunhu.

Muna 1964, President muIjipita akatanga pakagadzwa "Palestine Liberation Organisation" (PLO). In kwayo gwaro negwaro akati partition vokuParestina muzvikamu imhosva. Uyewo, PLO haana kuziva hwaIsraeri.

The Six Day hondo

June 5, 1967 matatu Arab nyika (Ijipiti, Jordan neSiriya) vauya mauto avo nemiganhu raIsraeri, akadzikatidza inoenda kuGungwa Dzvuku uye neSuez Canal. Muchiuto venyika idzi kuchikosha nani. The iwoyo, Israeri akatanga "Operation Moked" uye akatuma mauto kuIjipiti. Panyaya mazuva (kubvira 5 kusvika 10 June) kutongwa vaIsraeri vose reSinai, Jerusarema, Judhea, Samaria, uye neGorani Heights. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Siriya neIjipiti mhosva Britain neUnited States of munyaya vaimbopota kudivi vaIsraeri. Zvisinei, kubvuma izvi akapikisa.

"Nezuva Kippur War"

VeIsrael-Palestinian dambudziko rava zvinowedzerwa mushure Six Day War. Egypt rave akaedza vavezve kudzora Sinai Peninsula.
Muna 1973 imwe hondo itsva. Wechitanhatu October (Day Rokuyananisira pakarenda yechiJudha) Ijipiti akatumira mauto kupinda reSinai uye uto reSiria akaita rwaigara Gorani Heights. IDF akakwanisa dzinga kwacho uye nokukurumidza kudzinga vechiArabhu dzakabatana kubva mundima idzodzo. A runyararo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa musi 23 October (the United States, neSoviet Union murevereri ari hurukuro vaiva).

Muna 1979, chibvumirano idzva yakasainwa pakati paIsiraeri uye Ijipiti. Aidzorwa yevaJudha zvakaramba Gaza Strip, reSinai riri rikadzokera yapfuura muridzi.

"Rugare kuGarirea"

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha kuchaitwa weIsraeri, PLO aiva muhondo. Pakazosvika 1982, ari PLO rutsigiro zvitsigiro rakavambwa nechokumaodzanyemba Lebanon. On Ndima yayo aigara kutokonora muGarirea. June 3, 1982 gandanga kuedza rakaitirwa veIsrael mumiririri muLondon.

Musi waJune 5, iyo IDF yaiitisa inobudirira oparesheni, umo muArabhia divi vakakundwa. Israeri akakunda hondo, zvisinei, Palestinian nyaya yave zvinoshamisa yakawedzera. Izvi zvakanga nokuda Kushatiswa yevaJudha iri dzakawanda munhandare.

Kutsvaka rugare kugarwa ari kunetsana muna 1991

The Palestinian dambudziko dzakawanda ukama vairidza basa rinokosha. Zvinokanganisawo zvinodiwa munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira UK, France, USSR, USA nevamwe.

Muna 1991, Madrid Conference kwakaitika, zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kuMiddle East kunetsana. varongi Its vaiva United States neSoviet Union. Kuedza kwavo zvakagadziridzwa nechokwadi kuti vechiArabhu nyika (mapato kunetsana) akayanana yevaJudha.

Kunzwisisa musimboti Palestinian dambudziko, United States, neSoviet Union akapa vaIsraeri kusada dzatorwa. Vakaita kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti zviri pamutemo kodzero Palestinian vanhu nokuchengeteka nokuda yevaJudha. The Madrid musangano akanga apinda kuti nguva yokutanga zvose zvinobatanidzwa kuMiddle East kunetsana. Uyezve, pane rakaitwa kubva nzira yemaitiro nokuda Nhaurirano yemberi, "rugare mukutsinhana mundima".

Kwakadzama muOslo

Anotevera kuedza kugadzirisa kunetsana zvave muchivande hurukuro pakati nenhume vaIsraeri PLO, kwakaitika muna August 1993 muOslo. Muyananisi pavo akataura Norwegian gurukota Affairs Foreign. VaIsraeri PLO vakazivisa kuziva mumwe. Mukuwedzera, yokupedzisira vakaedzawo yokubvisa ndima Charter, izvo zvinoda kuparadzwa yevaJudha. Nhaurirano kwakaguma kusaina muna Washington of Declaration of Principles. Gwaro envisaged pakatanga kuzvitonga muna Gaza Strip Kwenguva 5 years.

Kazhinji, asi kwakadzama muOslo haana kuuya zvinokosha nemigumisiro. Haana kuudzwa yakazvimirira Palestinian vapoteri havagoni kudzokera kundima yemadzitateguru avo akanga asina chinorondedzerwa mamiriro Jerusarema.

The Palestinian dambudziko panguva ino Danho

Kubva vaviri kuzviuru wacho, dzakawanda rave akaedza kugadzirisa Palestinian dambudziko. zvitatu-Danho urongwa "Roadmap" yakazokudziridzwa muna 2003. Aifungidzira azere uye yokupedzisira kugarwa kuMiddle East kunetsana ne 2005. Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo vakaronga kusika chinhu chine musoro democratic mamiriro - Palestine. Chirongwa ichi chakanga anotendwa mapato zvose kunetsana uye achiri anoramba chinzvimbo chayo sezvo chete pamutemo kuita kuti rugare kugarwa pamusoro Palestinian dambudziko.

Zvisinei, kusvikira nhasi, nharaunda iyi ndeimwe chinonyanya "bhomba" munyika. The dambudziko kwete chete anoramba unsolved, asiwo yekudyidzana kuwedzerwa nguva nenguva.