Bastille nhasi zvakabatanidzwa chokuita French Revolution. Pashure gore iri Bastille aiva mavambo ane epochal shanduko munyika. Uye kunyange kwete chete muFrance, asi yose Europe. Asi uyo akatora Bastille? Sei zvakanga zvakakosha saka uye chii chiri chiitiko saka kushamise?
prerequisites chimurenga
vaongorori vakawanda kare, kudzidza kana kuti echimurenga zviitiko, nguva dzose kuedza kuziva nemhando mbiri kwezvikonzero: abatsire vamwe mapoka evanhu munyika uye pakarepo ezvinhu, izvo akabvumira aite kutendeuka. Pakupera ari XVIII remakore France aiva umambo mhedziso apo simba ramambo kwaibva zvikuru bureaucratic mamiriro midziyo. Zvisinei, hurongwa yakadaro achiri mberi vaimbova hafu remakore adarika, nokuti nguva zvinoratidzwa nhaka uye kumhuka kuita. Development pfungwa Kujekerwa nguva, kunyanya, pfungwa evanhu chibvumirano uye kumiririrwa mu zvivako dzeparamende, kwakaita kuti kunetsana pakati pamambo vakakwirira, kuti vakakwirira uye bourgeoisie, varombo uye vose vevaGiriki, kumwezve udzvanyiriri. Uyezve, vakawana kuti inonzi Old Hurumende chete pave kudonongodza lagging shure England. Revolutionary zviitiko pakarepo chakapfuura yeparamende dambudziko munyika muna 1787 uye 1789, zvinokonzerwa zvinodiwa Third Estate (kureva kudzika) guru political kodzero (nokuti ivo chakaita kuti 96% of population). The kuedza wamambo wokuparadza Constituent Assembly kushanda zvapamutemo kufamba zvavo.
Ndiani akatora Bastille? Uye nei zvakanga zvakakodzera?
Uremu apesane hondo vanhu July 12 vakatanga, 1789. Mhirizhonga yakaramba iri Paris mazuva maviri anotevera. The Bastille aiva mujeri enyika, inomiririra youmambo hurumende utsinye panguva iyoyo vaya akamboda kutaura zvinopesana nawo. Bastille ndeimwe chikuru zviratidzo pokuchinja - hondo monarchical despotism. Zvisinei, vaya vakatora Bastille, vakanga zvirokwazvo kushamisika chaizvo. Panguva iyi, vasungwa nomwe chete vakanga mujeri. Zvisinei, kukosha ndechokuti wokuwa nhare ichi.
chimurenga zvabuda
Muna August 1789 rakazoshandiswa rechiFrench Declaration of Human Rights uye mugari. Makore maviri gare gare, wokutanga munhoroondo France (uye wechina munhoroondo Europe) kwave chagamuchirwa ne Constitution. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, pokuchinja akaramba kusvikira 1794, apo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze Thermidorian Zvaakazoita, Kwakabvisa Jacobin udzvinyiriri Maksimiliana Robespera, pane dzimwe - kusvikira 1799, apo paiva nevapanduki idzva, izvo zvakaita kuti simba Napoleon Bonaparte. Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete nguva dzose Revolution kutungamirira zvinodiwa zvawanikwa kuti vanhu. Uye kwete nguva dzose muchero vari kufambisa mauto. Saka vaya vakatora Bastille, uye haana kuwana zvaaida. Nechekare makore makumi mana mushure Chiitiko kwave vadzorerwa pachigaro imba youmambo yacho Bourbons. Zvisinei, vanhu France (uye nechekare yose Europe) aiva kubudirira ruzivo mukubata nezviremera kukanganwirwa. Next French Revolution zvakaitika kare muna 1848 uye rapararira mhiri kondinendi. kufamba izvi akapa kutanga ndiye Paris. Bastille akavawo chiratidzo chete. Nhasi izuva kutora mujeri uchikudzwa kuFrance somunhu National yavamwari, uye July 14 rinopembererwa ose gore guru nzira, akafanana mhemberero Independence Day.