Ndiani Norbert Wiener? Ndiani aiva "baba cybernetics"?

Panguva ino, mashoko "Internet" kana "pakombiyuta" hazvishamisi. Zvisinei, kuti chidzoke vakangwara michina izvo pamwe rapidity guru anogona kuwana muenzaniso mukuru akarongeka, kana kuuya neZvapupu chero pfungwa panyika, kufanana sayenzi cybernetics. Uye ani naani anoziva murume, "Norbert Wiener", "cybernetics" - aya mazwi maviri zvinodyidzana. Ndicho vanhu anonzi tsoropodza "baba" sayenzi iyi.

kwakarongwa vitae

Nyanzvi dzakawanda-biographers pamusoro mubvunzo: "Ndiani ari Norbert Wiener", pasina kumbozengurira, akapindura kuti akanga - kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso mwana prodigy. Akaberekwa ari baba yemberi cybernetics muUnited States mutaundi Columbia, kuti rehurumende Missouri, muna 1894. baba vake aiva munhu womunyika Russian Empire (the Grodno nharaunda). Akanga ari akadzidza chaizvo uye zvakanaka kuverenga. Akadzidzisa pana Harvard University mabhuku uye nhoroondo necheSalvic mitauro. Papera chinguva, iye kwaitsigirwa kuti musoro dhipatimendi.

Kubva achiri muduku, baba vomukomana wacho kugadzirira basa musayendisiti. Zvichida, kubva makore matatu, akatoratidza atanga basa rake yesayenzi Norbert Wiener. Short Biography mumabhuku akawanda rinotanga zera rino. Apo mukomana aikwanisa kuverenga, kunyora uye kunyange akabatsira baba vake kushandura mabasa LN NdiTolstoy. Ndava nemakore masere, atova kukwanisa kuverenga mabasa Dante nemabasa Darwin. bhuku rake rokutanga akanyora munguva apo vamwe vezera rake chete kudzidza mucherechedzo pematanda uye zvokukochekera.

Kwete chaizvoizvo kupinda zvidzidzo nenzira dzose kuchikoro (mamwe manyuko vanoti kuti kuteerera naye zvachose), mukomana anoenda repamusoro kukoreji, iyo rinopera chinokudza mberi purogiramu. Pana namasere, akatsigira chinyorwa rake Harvard, uye makore anoverengeka gare gare akava purofesa kumayunivhesiti akawanda.

In autobiography ake, mubvunzo: "Ndiani ari Norbert Wiener" The musayendisiti unoti yemasvomhu. Nechekare pazera duku zviri nani kupa kwemasvomhu sayenzi, kunyange Ndiyewo zvokuyamura zvinhu zviri dzidzo haisi kurerutswa.

basa

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti musayendisiti - nguva dzose yakanyarara purofesa pamwe kumativi magirazi vagere muhofisi uye vanoita zvimwe chirongwa wake. Ndiani Norbert Wiener, uyo aiva iye? Uyu yakasiyana chaizvo kubva "mureza" waJehovha musayendisiti pamwe cabinet. Muupenyu hwangu, pfupi anoona zvakanaka uye zvishoma zveufende musayendisiti akashanda panovakwa, uye mune munitions fekitari, uye mupepanhau. Zvikuru kufanana muhondo, asi akanga adzingwa ikoko nokuda chiratidzo nematambudziko.

Most hwake chose kuti dzidzo sezvo yavo, uye vamwe. Anoshanda panguva iyoyo vari mumayunivhesiti anopfuura gumi mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana. Anodzidzisa masvomhu, pfungwa, sainzi, mabhuku uye sayenzi munzanga. Panguva iyoyowo kuongorora mitauro yavo, vanatenzi kunyange Chinese uye Japanese.

theoretician

ndiani Norbert Wiener: vanhu vaiita kana nyanzvi-theorist? Akatumidza anozviti theoretician vaifarira kufunga uye kusika kwesayenzi dzidziso, achiratidza dzavo mashoko. Pamwe American musayendisiti Claude Shannon, anova ano kombiyuta nesayenzi dzidziso.

Chokwadi munhu wose anoziva rokuti "ikakuruma". Saka murume uyu kamwe uye ini vakwira nayo, kuti nyore kutsanangura digital remitemo. A yakawanda basa masayendisiti vakazvitsaurira kuna kombiyuta sainzi, mukana dzidziso uye remagetsi network.

cybernetics

Asi hapana vanamba pakusikwa kombiyuta anozivikanwa kuti nyika yose kuti murume. Chii chinozivikanwa Norbert Viner, ndicho chokwadi kuti akanga afunga chinhu chakadai cybernetics. Ndiye akatanga kukudziridza sainzi, iyo postulates kubvumira pakusika chakagadzirwa njere. Scientist aimiririra cybernetics semukana rokuchinja unyanzvi yemhuka, kutanga "chirongwa kurovedza" kuti zvigadzirwa.

Wiener pachake sezvaari shoko, nokukwereta kubva zvinyorwa nyanzvi yechiGiriki yekare. Mumazuva iwayo zvaireva "kudzora chikepe", asi Wiener cybernetics kuva "vakachenjera muchina kudzora." Akaenzanisa munhu muchina, ane clockwork mashandiro kuti recycle simba.

Book akadana "Cybernetics" yakabudiswa muna 1948 mu America. Panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti akatendeuka makumi mashanu nemana. Zvisinei, basa, sezvo vakawanda vanoti, zviri pachena kuti vose. Kuverenga bhuku iri uye kunzwisisa zvarinotaura, unofanira kuva ruzivo zvakakwana yakadzika mumunda wemasvomhu, uzivi, engineering neurophysiology.

Man "mukati make"

Chokwadi chero mutambi ndiani kuridza basa masayendisiti ane nechido uye kufarira aigona kukwereta mufananidzo Wiener. A chaiwo Nerd pamwe magirazi uye goatee, kusagadzikana zveufende, ndisipo pfungwa pakubata nevamwe uye anyura zvizere munyika dzavo dzomukati uye zvokufungidzira.

Vakaona akayeuka kuti Wiener kazhinji achinyatsotaurira pfungwa dzake pachake, kunyange akakanganwa kwaaienda uye zvaaida kuita. Kamwe, patinotarisana naye mukoto, mudzidzi vakataura mudzidzisi, uye ipapo akatorwa romuromo paakabvunza: "Munoyeuka kwandaigara kuenda. Kubva yokudyira kana mairi"