Nemhuka dzose Red Book kwenharaunda Vladimir: mufananidzo mazita

The Red Mubhuku Vladimir dunhu - gwaro, yakabuda somugumisiro okunyatsoshanda remasayendisiti. Pachezvayo nzvimbo akapfuma mumasango (vanotora zvishoma kupfuura hafu yose nzvimbo), pamwe zvinofadza munyoro okunze, zvinoreva vazhinji kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Ndokusaka Vladimir nharaunda imhuka yakawanda pamusoro Red Book. Under yakanaka chaizvo zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mufananidzo 6 muzana munyika - nharaunda dzakachengetedzwa zvinhu. Pakati pavo ndiye National Park "Meschera" uye dziva Isihra. Hekuno chikamu kuchengeterwa uye "Klyazma" pakati batana kukosha.

Chii Red Book?

Danho rokutanga kusarudza chii Dzvuku Book, chii chiri chinangwa chacho uye zvinhu. Saka gwaro iri mazita mashoma kana pangozi vamiririri kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Zviri kukanganisa kufunga kuti izvozvo gwaro aripo chete Russian Federation. Muna 1963, International Red Book (basa pariri kwakaitika muna 1948) akasunungurwa.

With dzakananga Panyaya yekwedu pokuwa USSR paiva Red Bhuku USSR, uye ipapo - muna 2001 kare vakaona chiedza yakatarwa inochengetedzwa nemhuka Russia, yainzi Red Book. Zvino, nyaya Federation makatanga kubereka zvavo romunharaunda Red Data Books.

It inobatanidza magwaro akafanana chete - zvavo chivako. All nemiti uye fauna of vakakamurwa muzvikamu kubva anyangarika chose (pamberi pavo chiratidzo 0) kune vanhu vari nedanho kupora (Marko 5). Between tsika idzi undosangana kutyisidzira rinoratidza Kutsakatika (1), nhamba (2) kuti rutapudzo, kashoma (3) uye indeterminate (4).

Total mabhuku ose tsvuku uye magadzirirwo yavo - kopi imwe neimwe iri pamwe rakajeka mufananidzo uye pakunzi dzinogarisana.

The Red Bhuku Vladimir nharaunda

Chii ichifambisa mhuka uye zvirimwa dzakanyorwa muna Red Book of Vladimir nharaunda, nhamba yavo yaiva mhuka 160, zvakafanana zvinomera uye 10 howa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana tichienzanisa 2008 (yokutanga reShanduro Red Book) panguva nhamba mhuka ipfupi chaizvo kaviri, chirimwa kubudikidza 48 zviyero, uye hunokuvadza pamusoro 7.

The Red Bhuku Vladimir nharaunda, mhuka uye zvirimwa izvo nyaya ino pakutanga yakabudiswa muna 2008. Yaimiririra zvino mazita rudzi kuti vauye (Gavhuna Mutemo) mairi. All ichi - mugumisiro basa rakaoma masayendisiti, achibatsirwa iyo pamazita chakaiswa zvichibvira.

Muna 2010, ndandanda yakadzokororwa uye kuderedzwa. Chii chaiva chikonzero? Zvinosuruvarisa chete zvinoderedza dzinogarisana mhando. Kusvikira zvino, mhuka Red Mubhuku Vladimir nharaunda vava kuda kutsakatika - ichi Russian muskrat, uye kondo, uye vamwe vakawanda. Heano kupfuura mashoma mhando kasvisto uye fauna of nerimwe nemakirasi.

muriwo nyika

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvishoma kupfuura hafu nharaunda nedunhu riri kuchizvivanza masango, kunyanya Birch yemiorivhi kana nemipaini masango uye spruce masango. Kunewo yakavhenganiswa. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kune mashoma mikoko vaduku miti kwesuko - Ivo tsitsi kutema muzana remakore rapfuura, uye ikozvino kuedza kudzorera. Ndizvo zvakaita pomuouki miti; vava zvisingawanzoitiki, vari kunyanya pamahombekombe ari Klyazma uye Oka nzizi.

Zvakawanda masango, mwero manyoro uye ushamwari dzinotaurwa pakati bhendi ndiwo mukana mukuru kukura michero uye howa. Uyewo, nzvimbo mupfumi uye chubhu miti, mazhinji akarongwa sezvo pangozi, asi zvikuru akadzivirirwa akanzi "pangozi" Somuenzaniso, polushnik dzinoparadza, mudzimai wacho patapata, Karelian Birch, mvura caltrop.

Polushnik dzinoparadza - chirimwa yakawanikwa mumahombekombe reservoirs siyana, izvozvo anoda jecha uye silty nevhu kana chete jecha. Polushnik anogona kukura kuti kudzika 2 metres, saizvozvi anoda mvura zvikuru yakachena. Abudise uye kusvibisa mvura inotungamirira kunyangarika chirimwa.

Lady zvaJehovha patapata - iruva, kwete chete kurova runako, asiwo kuchirapa. Zvinonzi inowanzoshandiswa kunyaradza. ruva Izvi zvinofadza uye chii chiri "musungo" rasteniem- kudya mukume zvavo. Kurindwa kwete chete muRussia yose asiwo munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope. Ndechipi chikonzero? With mabasa evanhu: kutema masango kudyara vatorwa kuna nzvimbo miti, rinoita kukuvara nevamwe vavo vagari zvakadaro, chii chiri kwomukadzi wacho patapata.

Hanya munhoroondo kudzivirira zvinoyangarara rogulnika. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, akashanda ari Red Book of RSFSR Zvisinei, nemhaka akaenzaniswa raiswa, akadzingwa ikoko. Rogulnik akanga chete kwezvakatipoteredza zviridzwa emunharaunda. Kusanganisira Red Book kwenharaunda Vladimir: mhuka nemiti akanyorwa mariri, vave kunova akanyangarika munzvimbo. Sei rogulnik? michero yayo afanane musoro nzombe. Inokura mu madziva pamwe mira kana zvishoma nezvishoma inoyerera mvura. Kubva anoda silty nevhu.

Miti: Karelian Birch

Karelian Birch - zvachose rakasiyana chinoshamisa Flora. huni Its ane dzinongoitika muenzaniso.

Sezvo makarekare kwave kushandiswa kugadzirwa yamarudzi ose zvemumba (zvishongo caskets). Zvinosuruvarisa yevagari of Karelian Birch iri diki uye, naizvozvo, kuitwa richengetedzwe basa: Logged muti wose kuti watemwa chete pamwe mvumo nezviremera.

zvipembenene

Kuwanda masango uye mvura miviri akagovera yakachengeteka musha akawanda mhando kasvisto. Zvisinei, mhuka Vladimir nharaunda, akanyorwa muna Red Book, vakawanda kwazvo. Pakati pavo ipapo sezvo tumbuyu uye shiri, uye mhuka.

Kana tumbuyu, zvinofanira kutanga akati muvhu zvipembenene Menetries, kupenyerera nomutsvuku - vose vari vava kuda kutsakatika kunonyanya nokuti vanogara mumasango (kupenyerera, nezvishava), apo tupukanana kubudiswa, migodhi, zvigare mombe, kana mune marshes (Menetries), izvo pasi reclamation akawanda.

Unogonawo kuona bumblebees: vanhuwo, yonellyus, chikwindi, michero uye ivhu. Uyewo nyuchi-muvezi. Vamiririri All ava Hymenoptera vari kuderedzwa nokuda Kuipa nzvimbo: nomumatondo uye AZHUTHA kushandiswa zvigare, kupatsanurwa mishonga, masango dzinotambura moto uye kutema.

Arthropoda

Rare mhuka Vladimir nharaunda kubva Red Book - zviri zvakare arthropods. Shirokopaly uye uzkopaly magakanje, dandemutande, silverfish, Szczytno chitubu uye crustaceans - kuti dzimwe nhengo mhando.

Nekenza uye uzkopaly shirokopaly, unofadza pakuti havasi piringisha neeSultan, uye zvishoma nezvishoma chinoita rokutanga wechipiri. misiyano Large mu dzinogarisana zvisingatauri; vanosarudza rine okisijeni mvura, yakachena. Mhosva yavo duku kukura uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti vadzivirirwe kusvibiswa uye kupwa mvura miviri, uyewo dzakananga chirwere - hosha kenza.

Spider-yakanakisisa anoita dzezvakatipoteredza zvishoma zvishoma hanya pane crustaceans kukurukurwa pamusoro. Ndiyo chete mhando arachnids dzakashandisa upenyu mumvura. It anoda mvura havaratidzi inoyerera kana akamira mvura. Zvinoderedza nhamba dzavo, uyewo kusvibiswa zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti mvura iri kuwana madandaude zviduku.

Szczytno chitubu uye crustaceans regai kusiyana pachavo. mhuka idzi ndidzo Red Book of Vladimir nharaunda vachiramba vachirarama pasi mumadziva, uye kudzika ingabva pakuona shoma (puddles, inoerera). Chikonzero rutapudzo - kupwa pane nzvimbo, kuwedzera tembiricha mvura.

hove

Mhuka uye zvirimwa Red Bhuku Vladimir nharaunda, kugara madziva, hakugumiri nezvipukanana uye arthropods - pakati pavo pane hove. Pakati pavo zvakakodzera kutaura starlet uye bullhead. Chokutanga - chaizvo inonyatsoziva rucheno mvura, ndokusaka uye dzakanyorwa Red Book ishiri pangozi, nekuti wakachena chete mvura reservoirs vane zvishoma. Uyewo, pernicious basa reDare zvakasikwa pachishandiswa pakati reservoirs enzizi, apo mvura isina kucheneswa zvakanaka, kuipa saturate pamwe okisijeni, sapamazuva reservoirs izvi kwakaoma kubva hove kuti kuita kuti pave.

Bullhead inowanikwawo chete nekristaro mvura yakachena. Kusiyana sterlets haina tama uye anoramba wayo Dam. Izvi kumusoro hove 12 masendimita zvinotyisa zvikuru nechitarisiko: musoro guru, guru zvakakwana uye maziso matsvuku pahupamhi. Chikero sculpin, asi panongova pemhinzwa, izvo chaizovatadzisa nezvikara. Makara pamufananidzo afanane pasi; hove zvisvundu-yellow, dzimwe nguva greenish tint.

shiri

The Red Bhuku Vladimir nharaunda, mhuka kuti mufananidzo - nyaya ino, uye rinewo shiri. Vamiririri murayiro uyu vari pasi zvizhinji, chete kupa avo vane mamiriro "pangozi".

Little Tern. Shiri iyi rinopedza pamusoro menzizi, Makungwa reservoirs, ayo Kutsakatika imhaka vashoma nzvimbo zvichibvira nesting, mukuwedzera, pane zviitiko apo nzvimbo dzose terns kufashamirwa panguva nemafashamo.

White uye dema nezimudo. Izvi kwemarudzi maviri shiri dziri kukanganiswa, zvikurukuru pamusana poaching uye kuparadzwa matendere. Asi guru shuramurove akanaka - dzinotama, ari kutonhora mwedzi vaende uye kudzokera adzo muchirimo. Vakabva mazai avo uye erudzi. Security matanho akagadzirirwa kuti kuvabatsira nesting, uyewo akakurira poaching.

Kubva shiri dzinodya nyama vanyatsohuongorora munodzivirirwa Red Book negora, nyoka gondo, chinyamudzura, chena-tailed gondo uye Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi. Kuwanda eshiri nyama ipfupi nokuda zvinoverengeka, kunyanya kuridza basa zvimwe zvavasingakwanisi maberekero nzvimbo uye kuparadzwa matendere kubudikidza pazvikara (yakadai makava). Sezvineiwo, pane uye chinoita kwezvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa, nokuti gondo uye rukodzi kudya shiri diki uye mhuka dzinogona kurarama yakasviba dzinodiwa makemikari.

Zizi - mumwe shiri dzinodya nyama, riri pasi kudzivirirwa. A mukana vanoona kunyange XX remakore kwave chinenge razero: zizi pedyo kutsakatika. Izvi zvakanga ainyanya nokuda mabasa evanhu: shiri vakapfurwa, kujekesa zvinhu dzinogarisana (kwemiti) uye akariita zvisingabviri kubata zvokudya. Eagle zizi ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose zizi munyika. Kudya wake siyana chaizvo, zvinogona kufanana nedzimwe shiri dzinodya nyama uye mhuka, uye amphibians. External mamirire chinhu - rudzi "nzeve" pakati minhenga mumusoro.

mhuka

Warm-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka of Red Book of Vladimir nharaunda, pamwe mapikicha uye tsanangudzo chiri ajaira munyaya ino vashoma. Zvikurukuru vaitozonyepa muvanhu kuti seyi dzezvakatipoteredza bison, Eurasian yokuSpain, otter uye muskrat Russian. Ngationgororei chimwe nechimwe mhuka zvakawanda.

Bison zvinoreva parnopalym mhuka. Vatarisana kutsakatika, zviri vaiona kupfuura mhuka dzose muEurope. mhuka idzi chikuru kurarama mumapoka maduku, izvo hatibvumiri zvimwe ungulates. Pari zviyero vari chinozoiswa kuwedzera bison vanogara.

Lynx vulgaris - mumiririri katsi mhuri ine saizi isingadariki imbwa guru. chikara ichi ane chisingakanganwiki chitarisiko, runoratidza kuva yokuSpain - "bhurasho" riri munzeve. Animal mbava ane tsvarakadenga, nokuti chii chiri chinangwa poaching.

River otter Selety pamahombekombe yacho rwakawanda rwizi. Izvi zvinofanira kuva mhuka duku Chidembo mhuri, nekuti mvura iyi regai -oma muchando, uye otter mupenyu uye anodyisa maari. Iye inoshamisa kushambira, inobatsira iri elongated muviri, webbed netsoka dzakapfava uye gobvu rukoko mafuta usingabereki -oma mumvura inotonhora. Mhuka uye zvirimwa Red Bhuku Vladimir nharaunda varipo vakawanda nokuda pakusvibiswa womunhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Otter - hapana anosara. Chokwadi chokuti unogona chete kurarama mvura yakachena, uye reservoirs idzi kuva duku.

Russian Desman - mumiririri mumwe zvimwe mhuka, vanodzivirirwa. mhuka iyi ane varaidza chaizvo chimiro: refu mhino, Negima muviri uye zvinosanganisira simba zviyero muswe-vhiri, vachibvumira kuti nokukurumidza kuita mu burrows that kuti anoronga pamhenderekedzo wakagadzikana nzizi uye reservoirs. Most duku mhuka poaching vanotyisidzira: iri XIX remakore zvakanzi vachiparadzwa iri huru kwazvo. Akawedzera mupiro yayo kuna zvinoderedza vemo uye zvoupfumi basa romunhu; asi abudise mvura kana zvisiri pamutemo kuvakwa pamiganhu yavo.