Nhamba yevanhu veSpain. Ethnology

Kuenda kuSpain, tinowanzofunga pamusoro pezvinhu zvatinotarisa pamusoro pechikepe chatinoenda uye chii chitsva chatinodzidza pamusoro pechesika yenyika. Zvisinei, vashomanana vanofunga kuti kukwezva kwekushanyirwa kuSpain zvakananga kunobva kune vanhu vomunharaunda yeIberian Peninsula. Ngatitenderei mumhedheni kubva kumarudzi evanhu veSpain.

Kusvika iye zvino, vanhu veSpain vane vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi mana. Kwemazana emakore apfuura, kukura kwayo kwave kwakanyanyisa. Kubvira pakati pezana remakore rechi16, apo vagari veSpain vane mamiriyoni manomwe nemashanu, yakapetwa kaviri mumakore mazana matatu. Mushure meizvozvo, pamusoro pezana remakore rakatevera, yakawedzera kaviri. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi20, vanhu vaiva vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi matatu.

Pane dzimwe nguva, kukura kwevagari vevanhu kwakaenda kune zvakaipa, iyo inobatanidza nekuyerera kukuru kwevakabva kune dzimwe nyika mumavambo ekuma1900 nekuda kwekuvhura kweNyika Itsva. Mukuwedzera, panguva ino, kufa kwehuwandu kwaive kuderera nenzira yakafanana nehuwandu hwekuberekwa.

Vagari vomuSpain vane hutsika hwakaderera muEuropean Union - avhareji yevanhu 78 pamakiromita masere. Asi, kune dzimwe nyika, huwandu hwevagari vemo hunoiswa munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga uye maguta, iyo inosanganiswa nehupfumi nehupfumi hwevanhu. Zvinonakidza kuti vakadzikadzi veSpanish vakakura kudarika vanhukadzi.

Mahedheni akasiyana uye kutanga kwevaSpanish

Vagari vomuSpain vakasiyana zvakasiyana, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekudzokidzwazve kwemavhu ayo. Pakutanga, Iberian Peninsula yaigara muIberians (kubva munenge 3 millennium BC). Kutanga ne 7 tbsp. BC Ikoko kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba kwakagadzirwa nevaGiriki, asi zana remakore gare gare vakatsiviwa neCarthaginians. Munguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo yekuchamhembe nechepakati pepeninsula yakakundwa nevaCelt. Hondo Yechipiri yePunic yakaguma nekukunda kweVaRoma, uye vakagadzirisa nzvimbo zhinji. Kutonga kwavo paIberian Peninsula kwakagara makore anopfuura 600. Mushure mokunge, nyika dzeSpain yemazuva ano dzakatanga kuisa maVisigoths pamwe chete nehurumende yavo iri muguta reToledo. Yakange iripo kusvikira kupinda kweNorth Africa neMaor muna 711. Anenge makore mazana mana maArab akabata simba ravo pano. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kwemakore 1500 muSpain vaigara vaJudha (300-500 vanhu zviuru).

Kusiyana kwemadzinza uye dzemadzinza hazvina kukanganisa mhuri dzakawanda dzakasanganiswa. Munyaya iyi, vazhinji vamiririri vechizvarwa chechipiri chevaMuslim vave vanhu vevhangeri rakasanganiswa. Apo Spain yakashandurwa zvakasununguka kuva chiKristu, vaJudha nevaMuslim vakaona kusarurwa. Nokudaro, vaifanira kugamuchira chitendero chitsva kuti varege kudzingwa.

Kutaura nezvekuonekwa kwekunze, pakati peSpain kune kazhinji vanhu vane Afrosemitic neArabic. Izvi zvakashanda sechitarisiko chemazwi ane mapapiro "Africa inotanga muPyrenees". Panguva imwecheteyo, vagari vazhinji vanogara kuchamhembe kwenyika vaigamuchira ganda rakachena, maziso ebhuruu uye bvudzi rakachena kubva kuneCelt neVisigoth. Nharaunda dziri kumaodzanyemba dzinogara dziine maziso machena ane mavara masikati.

Kusvika iye zvino, vanhu veSpain vane 75% veSpanish, vamwe vose - Galician, Basques naCatalans. 95% yevaKaturike, vamwe vose - vapurotesitendi (vaMuslim nevaJudha). Iyi iri tsanangudzo shomanana yemanzwi eSpain.