Nhengo dzeEngocrine. Thyroid gland. Aina dze pathologies. Zvirwere zvepascreas

Utachiona hutano hunobudisa mahomoni anokonzera kukura, kubereka, maviri, uye metabolism. Icho chiri muzvinyorwa, kusanganisira vanhu.

Urongwa hwezvirwere zvehutano hwetachiona.

1. Congenital anomalies (ectopia, hypoplasia, aplasia).
2. Endemic goiter.

Nebasa: hyperthyroid, euthyroid, hypothyroid.

Muchimiro: diffuse, mixed, nodular.

3. Goiter yeporadi.

Nebasa: hyperthyroid, euthyroid, hypothyroid.

Muchimiro: diffuse, mixed, nodular.

4. Goiter diffuse toxic.

Zvichienderana nekuoma kwe thyrotoxicosis: chiedza, chimiro, chinorema.

5. Hypothyroidism.

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuoma: nzara (myxedema), iri mukati, chiedza.

6. Zvirwere zvepamuviri:

- chronic lymphomatous thyroiditis (autoimmune, Hashimoto);

- subacute thyroiditis;

- an acute thyroiditis ;

- fibroid thyroiditis (Riedel);

- hutachiona hutachiona hwehupenyu chaihwo (chirwere, chifukidzo).

7. Kuparara:

- Yakavharwa;

- svinura.

8. Zvirwere zvinopisa.

Pancreas. Histology.

Ichi chikamu chekudya chekudya chinokonzera endocrine uye exocrine mabasa. Ivhapreas inonzi histologically is alveolar-tubular gland complex. Masero tubular (zviwi zveLangerhans) zviri pakati pealveoli. Icho chitunha chekunze kwepachivande chinopinza hormone insulin.

Izvo zvinoshanda mumapancre zvinokonzerwa nemahomoni e-parathyroid uye gland glands, uyewo neadrenal glands.

Nhengo iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemamwe mahomoni anonzi polypeptide anopinda muropa. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemasero ari pancreatic islets.

Icho chinyorwa chekunze chinonyanya kushanda mupancreas chakavanzwa mu duodenum. Iine uturu hwemakemikari hunobatanidzwa mu hydrolysis yezvokudya zvepamusoro zvemazana akawanda. Iyo huru ndeye-amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin uye trypsin.

Kushungurudzika kwebasa mumapancre kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwenheyo yenheyo. Kusiyana nemamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa, kunyanya, kugara achidzoka, anowanzoperekedzwa nekuwedzera sosotdeleniem, uye nguva dzenguva refu dzekuora mwoyo - kudzvinyirirwa kwayo.

Nzira dze dystrophic nature dzinoonekwa mumatambudziko emagetsi. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinosuruvara mumapascasi pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ehemochromatosis.

Kushungurudzika mukupararira kwechirwere chisingaperi kunobatanidza kuchinja kwehutano muhutachiona uye hunopa ropa.

Kunyanya kuputika kwepancre is pancreatitis. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chimiro chisingaperi uye chinoshamisa chechirwere.

Zvipembenene mupancreas zvinogona kukonzerwa nekupararira kwezvirwere zvinogadzirisa zvirwere.

Nodular periarteritis inokonzera kushungurudzwa mumidziyo yechiri. Chirwere chemakiriniki chakafanana nechokushaya chirwere chisingaperi kana chinotyisa.

Tuberculosis yemuviri haisi nyore. Ichi chirwere chepancreas chinogona kukura semugumisiro wekupindira kwe mycobacteria neine lymphogenous, kubata (kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dziri pedyo) kana nzira inotyisa.

Kukundikana kwechivipiti kunogona kuwanikwa uye kunowanikwa mune zvakasikwa. Muchiitiko chekutanga, chirwere chepancreas hachina chakanaka uye chinowedzera maererano ne morphological zvinowanikwa mumatatu maitiro. Zvinosanganisira edematous-infiltrative (nechipiri syphilis), gummy uye chaiyo ye sclerotic pancreatitis.

Iyo cyst haigoni kuonekwa. Ichi chirwere chepancreatic chinokanganisa parenchyma yechirongwa kana maitiro ayo akapoteredza.