Non-marwadzo uye marwadzo analgesics: mashandiro chiito uye chikumbiro

Analgesics - izvi zvinoreva kuti kuderedza kana kubvisa kutekenyedzwa kurwadziwa apo kuramba kuziva uye dzimwe tisanzwe mhuka. Physiologically marwadzo kunoitika pamusana excitation rinonzi saka nociceptors, izvo vemunyika paganda, mucous membranes uye serous membranes, uye pakukora siyana nadzo uye hurongwa. Marwadzo receptors vari inovapo pamusana panyama (zvemaziso, chafariz, magetsi, etc.) uye exogenous makemikari (acids, nezvigadziko, weheavy metal munyu, phenol, etc.) uye endogenous zvinhu mapuroteni hunhu (histamine, kweserotonin, bradykinin).

Saka, marwadzo chinhu vasiri mashandiro pamusoro kuzviitira kuratidzwa ane kusagadzikana kwemakemikari mumuviri, naizvozvo, ndizvo rokudzivirira. Asi marwadzo zvikuru simba uye inogara kwenguva refu ndizvo pathological, sezvo depletes muviri, kuvhiringidza mashandiro zvinokosha nadzo uye kungatoita kuti rufu kubva kuvhunduka. Mumaonero ichi, boka analgesics ane kubatsira zvikuru, uye munhoroondo kunokosha budiriro vanhu.

Kuderedza kana kumisa marwadzo anogona kuva akasiyana siyana. Inonyatsobudirira uye kukuru - ndiko kubvisa chikonzero, izvo, zvinosuruvarisa haisi nguva dzose zvichibvira, nekuti havasi kukwanisa kukurumidza kuona izvozvo nguva dzose. Naizvozvo kazhinji yazvinofanira vanomboenda urayai marwadzo vachishandisa medicaments-siyana pharmacological mapoka. Nokuti chinangwa uyu anogona kushandisa zvinodhaka, zvomunharaunda rufimbi, cholinolytic, spasmolytics, anticonvulsants, astringents, rakafukidza nzira.

Hunhu epfungwa, mavambo uye namakemikari zvakaita analgesics vari mapoka mapoka maviri: marwadzo uye non-marwadzo.

Marwadzo analgesics - ndiko chinodhaka uye mishonga kunodarowo. Ivo dzinoratidzwa kupfuura zvose, pachangu zvainoita nechepakati tsinga. Kuratidza unonyaradza marwadzo zvazviri, kunyanya vanenge vasiri anogumbura (kana chinokosha kunotevera, nyanyisa anomera). Opioids chikonzero akadzokorora rokutarisira pavarwere vane mafungiro uye mumuviri kuyanzva. Zvinodhaka muboka iri yakawedzera marwadzo pachikumbaridzo wanda. Vanachiremba vakadaro varayire analgesics kuti anyorere kurwadziwa pamberi kutsva, kukuvara, etc. Uyewo, mishonga aya nachiremba varwere unresectable nyanyisa neoplasms. Marwadzo analgesics aivabatsira mupfungwa mamiriro murwere. zvinodhaka izvi hazvifaniri kushandiswa mazuva anopfuura matatu kana mana, zvimwe pane muropa, uye vanhu muropa.

Marwadzo analgesics (chinodhaka) rine zvinopfuura 30 alkaloids uye zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinosanganisira makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, lipids, madzihwa, chicherwa munyu, etc. Chinodhaka rine vakawanda morphine (anenge 12%), narcotine (10%), codeine (3-5%) uye papeverina (1%).

Marwadzo analgesics: kupfuura dzakakurumbira zvinodhaka

Pakati marwadzo chaizvoizvo zvinoreva anokosha vari morphine hydrochloride, codeine phosphate, chinodhaka mushoma yakaoma, ethylmorphine hydrochloride (dionin), tincture kuti chinodhaka nyore, promedol, omnopon, et unto.

Non-marwadzo analgesics - ndivo mari kuti aratidze unonyaradza marwadzo, uye antipyretic mugumisiro antivovospalitelnoe. Kusiyana chinodhaka, ivo kuderedza kana kuderedza marwadzo chokuita anogumbura pezvakaitwa majoini, mapfupa, tsandanyama uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri (neuralgia, tsandanyama uye articular Bli, rheumatic, mazino maronda, etc.). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hwaro analgesia chinhu Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro. Uyezve, vakanga vasiri marwadzo analgesics regai kukonzera hypnotic zvazviri uye euphoria, regai vasaziva chikosoro, uye kufema nzvimbo.

Of hunoshanda kukosha kukuru antipyretic mugumisiro dzisiri marwadzo analgesics. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muviri tembiricha kunowedzera nezvirwere nokuda kuitwa pyrogenic zvinhu (zvibereko mapuroteni hydrolysates, amino acids, nucleic acids, microbial muchetura, etc.) pamusoro interoreceptors kuti zvinoparadzira excitation kuti thermoregulatory centre. Excited thermoregulation centre, kuchinja kusimba kupisa kugadzirwa uye kupisa kuchinjirwa pezvakaitwa, kunoita muviri hyperthermia ane inokosha inodzivirira. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko hyperthermia ungasvika nengozi pamwero upenyu kumuviri, uye kukudzivirira hunhu wake ichichinja pathological. Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa antipyretics.

Non-marwadzo analgesics: kupatsanura

Kufunga makemikari maumbirwo zvinodhaka rakakamurwa akawanda mapoka: nomukaka zviri salicylic asidhi (methyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic asidhi kana asipurini), pyrazolone (analgin, phenylbutazone, phenazone), ya-aminophenol (acetaminophen), indole acetic acids (indomethacin), propionic asidhi (naproxen, ketoprofen), anthranilic acids (mefenamic asidhi uye flufenamic) pirrolizinkarboksilovoy asidhi (ketorolac).

Mumakore achangopfuura, tave ichipa rimwe boka inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro - dzisiri steroidal analgesics. Inonyanya kufarirwa achishandisa boka iri: piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin. mashandiro avo kuita kunosanganisira rakavhara kwetunhu enzayemu - cyclooxygenase. enzayemu ichi anokurudzira paumbwe prostaglandins - mikuru nevamiririri kurwadziwa uye anogumbura siyana. Uyewo, iyo yavaive mari idzi vanovhara bradykinin, riri kubatanidzwa panowanikwa nokuparadzirwa kurwadziwa uye kuzvimba.