Norma kumashure nemwaranzi: chii napo uye sei haina kusapfuudza

Munyika yemazuva anoshandisa zvakawanda zvakasikwa kuti vabudirire anokudzwa zvinangwa. Ndaiva asingasiyi, uye nemwaranzi. Pasina zvakaoma kununura zvakakwana chirwere uye kuongorora kuvimbika zvikamu. Asi ichi zvinotungamirira kuti mwero kumashure mwaranzi dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzokugara kana basa. Zuva nezuva vanhu vanowana nemwaranzi dose. Kana zvakakodzera kutora matanho kuderedza Migumisiro pamusoro muviri?

General ruzivo pamusoro nemwaranzi

Tisati tataura pamusoro chii mwero kumashure mwaranzi vanhu zvinogamuchirika, zvakafanira kuti kubata dzidziso. Zvisiri pachena zvose ndiyo pfungwa radioactivity. It kunoratidzwa nokuti nuclei vamwe maatomu yokusafa kusagadzikana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havana nomuzvarirwo dziparare, uye ichi zvinowanisa ionizing nemwaranzi, kureva nemwaranzi. It chakaumbwa akawanda siyana nezvimedu: Arifa, Beta, wegamma uye Nyuturoni. Zvikurukuru ngozi ndiyo wegamma-nemwaranzi, iro rine yakakwirira simba rakapinza. Maekisirei akafanana wegamma mwaranzi, asi ane simba duku. The rakakura kwomuzvarirwo tsime nemwaranzi kwakadaro - zuva. Asi chete chikamu mwaranzi zvose, chii chinoumba ndozvakajairwa ose makuriro mwaranzi.

Zvinoriumba foniruyuschego nemwaranzi

It rinoumbwa dzinongoitika uye nevanhu zvinhu. Natural nemwaranzi anogadzirwa kubva zvinhu zvinotevera:

• yepasi pose mwaranzi;
• pevhu deposits pamusoro radionuclides, vari zvakare irradiated pamwe dzinongoitika zvokuvakisa, iyo gare gare akavaka imba;
• chete radioactive zvinhu, asi akaparadzira mumvura uye mhepo;
• uyewo zvinhu zvokudya;
• potassium-40 uye rubidium-87, izvo zviri mumuviri womunhu nguva dzose aripo uye haagoni kubvisa navo.

Natural radioactivity nguva dzose uye kwose kwose. Izvi hazvisi Kusara asi mutemo. Dzinosiyana chete dzemunharaunda ari kumashure mwaranzi chimwe chaicho nharaunda.

Artificially kuwedzera kuti mwaranzi kumashure mabasa evanhu. Somuenzaniso, migodhi, incineration, kushanda phosphate fetiraiza. Kwete mupiro duku inowira kuedza zvombo zvenyukireya, simba zvenyukireya zvirimwa uye ndege. Uyezve, munhu haagoni kunodudzwa pano utachiona. Ndiwo ose tsaona uye kurasikirwa dzaifanoiswa.

Chinetso ndechokuti munhu ane njere nhengo, izvo zvinogona kutora nemwaranzi. Saka, muna ngozi munzvimbo kunodiwa kushandisa chaiwo mano - dosimeters, izvo icharatidza pamusoro kwazvo kunoguma nemwaranzi.

Vamapoka nokuyerwa nemwaranzi uye radioactivity

Ava pfungwa dzakasiyana uye zviumbu yakayerwa akasiyana. Chiyero radioactivity - ichi kushingaira chirungiso. It unotaurwa becquerels. One Becquerel 1 atomu disintegration pa wechipiri. Kazhinji hunoyerwa inobva chikwata gobvu kana vhoriyamu.

Ionizing nemwaranzi, kunoitika apo kuora kwemaatomu kuyerwa mu roentgens. Asi ichi ndicho ukoshi guru kwazvo. Saka, muna tsika kazhinji akataura microroentgens, kuti chinhu millionth chikamu chacho. Uyezve, kushanda kunobva chokupfeka nguva. Uye kukosha, iyo kunoonekwa mwero kumashure mwaranzi - Mr / h, kureva, Micro-rontgen paawa.

Pane imwe ukoshi - ndiyo sievert. Rinoshandiswa woongorora mugumisiro uri munhu. With chikwata ichi kuyerwa noenderana dose. Simba dose ichi ainzi sievert paawa. Mudzimba zvinangwa imwe sievert akaenzana 100 X-ray.

Muenzaniso tsika irradiation mishonga

Zvose nemwaranzi, izvo zvinoberekwa muviri, inosiya kutevera nemwaranzi, uye haazombofi zvinobvira kuti kuchiparadza. Saka, zvose zvakasikwa manyuko nemwaranzi kuwedzera kusvika imwe dose kuti zvinyamusi kumativi kukosha 3 mSv pagore. Inogona kuva zvishoma kana zvishoma zvichienderana mamiriro enzvimbo. Asi kunoratidzwa kufadza bvumidzwa mwero nemwaranzi background.

The dose chichigamuchirwa nomunhu muupenyu hwake, havafaniri kuva anopfuura 700 mSv. Kakawanda kukosha ichi kuuya vagari munzvimbo gomo.

Uyezve, vanhu vari kuramba atarisana mamwe nemwaranzi, zvakadai somunhu kuongorora zvokurapa. Zviri chinodiwa kuti zvidzidzo izvi haapfuuri kufadza dose.

Chii chinokonzera zvinokonzerwa nemwaranzi pamusoro womunhu muviri?

Kana dose anoiswa mukati tsika kuti waidzora mwero makuriro mwaranzi, vanhu havambokwanisi cherechedzai. upenyu hwavo anopfuurira, uye hapana nemigumisiro havasi kuoneka. Asi kana munhu dose nokure kukosha uye kuona kunoitika munguva pfupi, mubvunzo nemwaranzi kurwara. Iri metabolic chirwere, neleukemia uye kenza, ganda kutsva uye nemwaranzi cataract, zvinoomesa upenyu zvinotapuriranwa, zvichitungamirira mbereko.

Radiation Protection Nzira

Vatatu vavo:

• apo sezvo pemakore akaderedza nemwaranzi dose;
• daro nekuti chinhambo kubva nemwaranzi kwaibva kusimba ipfupi;
• fuma nokuti absorbs wegamma mwaranzi.