Alpha, wegamma, Beta nemwaranzi. The ehupfumi yeAlpha nezvimedu, wegamma, Beta

Chii radionuclide? Usatya shoko iri: zvinoreva vakangoerekana radioactive isotopes. Dzimwe nguva unogona kunzwa kutaura shoko "radionuclides" kana kunyange zvishoma mabhuku chisarudzo - ". Radionucleotide" The zvakarurama izwi - ari radionuclide. Asi chii radioactive kuora? Ndezvipi ehupfumi pakubhadhara siyana nemwaranzi uye sei zvakasiyana? Zvose - kubva pakutanga.

Tsanangudzo iri radiology

Kubvira nguva idzodzo, vazhinji vanodzidziswa Radiology vakachinja apo paiva kuputika yokutanga mabhomba bhomba. Panzvimbo "mabhomba murwi" kutaura "reactor yenyukireya". Asi, mashoko okuti "mwaranzi radioactive" vari kuratidza "ionizing mwaranzi". Mashoko okuti "isotope radioactive" kuchatsiviwa "radionuclide".

Long-pfupi uye pfupi radionuclides

Alpha-, beta- uye wegamma-nemwaranzi muitiro pematanho kuora ane mabhomba neerekitironi. Chii nguva hafu-upenyu? radionuclides nuclei havana kugadzikana - kuti zvakasiyana nemamwe akatsiga isotopes. Pane imwe nguva, ipapo muitiro kuora radioactive. Saka Radionuclides kuva nedzimwe isotopes, izvo chaibwinya munguva alpha-, beta- uye wegamma-ray. Radionuclides vane yakasiyana siyana kusagadzikana - vamwe vawe mukati mazana emamiriyoni uye kunyange mabhiriyoni emakore. Somuenzaniso, vose uranium exchange isotopes kuti kuitika zvakasikwa, ndivo refu. Kune avo radionuclides kuti nekuwora mukati mumasekonzi, mazuva, mwedzi. Dzinonzi pfupi.

Akabuda Arifa, Beta uye wegamma nezvimedu zvaanoripirwa kwete chero kuora. Asi chokwadi, kuora radioactive iri anoteverwa anobuda chete Arifa kana Beta inoramba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi zviri pamwe wegamma mwaranzi. Kwakachena wegamma-ray achine hakuitiki zvoga. The kukuru kumhanya kuora ari radionuclide, dzakanga padanho radioactivity. Vamwe vanodavira kuti zvakasikwa pane Arifa, Beta, wegamma uye Delta kuora. Ichi hachisi chokwadi. Delta kuora haako.

radioactivity chipimo chikwata

Zvisinei, mune chii ayere kukosha ichi? Radioactivity Kuyerwa kunotibatsira kuratidza kusimba pokuwa pauwandu. The chairema nokuyerwa radionuclide basa - Becquerel. 1 becquerel (Bq) zvinoreva kuti 1 kuora kunoitika muna 1 chik. Kamwe nezviyero izvi inoshandiswa zvikuru hombe chairema chipimo - curies (CI) 1 CI = 37 bhiriyoni becquerels.

Sezvingatarisirwa, kukosha anoenderana mukanyiwa iwoyo zvinhu, somuenzaniso 1 MG 1 MG uranium exchange uye thorium. Basa pa chikwata guru pakati radionuclide wakatorwa anonzi zvariri basa. The makuru hafu-upenyu, kashoma chaiyo radioactivity.

Izvo radionuclides vanomiririra ngozi huru?

Uyu zvakanaka mubvunzo Inonyadzisa. Kudivi rimwe, pfupi vane ngozi nokuti zvimwe kushingaira. Asi pashure pokuwa chaizvo dambudziko nemwaranzi anorasikirwa kushanda, ukuwo refu refu vari ngozi kwemakore.

The dzakananga Basa radionuclides inogona kuenzaniswa chombo. Chii chombo zvaizova nengozi: chii chinoita vaitenderera mashanu paminiti, kana kuti moto kamwe hafu neawa? mubvunzo izvi hazvibviri kupindura - zvose zvinoenderana chii caliber zvombo kupfuura akapiwa, kana bara ruchasveerera chinangwa, chii kukuvara.

Kusiyana mhando nemwaranzi

Alpha, wegamma uye Beta nemwaranzi mhando zvinogona kunzi "caliber" chombo. choutsi izvi vane zvimwe uye kusiyana. Pfungwa huru - vose ndezvaJehovha nengozi ionizing mwaranzi. Chii tsananguro ichi? Nesimba ionizing mwaranzi ane chimbichimbi simba. Kuwana Mune imwe atomu, ivo nekugogodza maerekitironi wayo muchadenga. Kana akabuda nezvimedu, nokuchengeta dzinosiyana chinoumba - Saka vakaumba pfuma itsva.

Hunhu Alpha mwaranzi

A zvakafanana pakati pavo kuti wegamma, Beta Alpha nemwaranzi ane zvakafanana hunhu. Wokutanga chaizvo Alpha mwaranzi pazvakawanikwa. Vakanga akaumbwa kuburikidza kuora inorema nesimbi - uranium exchange, thorium, radon. Nechekare pashure zvakaitika kuwanikwa Arifa mwaranzi, akajekesa hunhu hwavo. Vakanga richibhururuka panguva kumhanya nehelium nuclei. Nemamwe mashoko, ichi "rinovira" rinorema vaviri protons maviri neutrons kuva mutariri akanaka. Mudenga, Arifa mwaranzi vari kure pfupi chaizvo - hapana zvinopfuura masendimita mashomanana. Paper kana, Somuenzaniso, Epiderme e zvachose kumisa nemwaranzi ichi.

Beta nemwaranzi

Beta nezvimedu, svinudzai zvinotevera, vaiva vanhuwo maerekitironi, asi ane ichimhanya zvikuru. Ndivo zvishoma zvikuru pane Arifa nezvimedu, uye vane zvemagetsi mutariri duku. Beta nezvimedu lekgo pinda zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mudenga, ivo kukunda rikayerera kwechinhambwe mamita shoma. Kudzivirirwa kwavari dai zvinotevera zvinhu: zvipfeko, girazi, munhu marata pepa.

The ehupfumi kuti wegamma mwaranzi

Izvi mhando nemwaranzi ndiko chete zvisikwa sezvo ultraviolet nemwaranzi, michini mwaranzi kana redhiyo mafungu. Wegamma mwaranzi vari photon nemwaranzi. Zvisinei, panguva zvikuru kumhanya photon. Izvi mhando nemwaranzi rinokurumidza kupinda napakati acho. Kunonoka izvozvo, dzinowanzoshandiswa kutungamirira uye kongiri. Wegamma mwaranzi anogona kufamba zviuru makiromita.

Ngano nezvengozi

Achienzanisa Arifa, wegamma uye Beta nemwaranzi, vanhu vanowanzofunga kuti wegamma mwaranzi ndivo kupfuura ngozi. Pashure pezvose, vari achibudiswa zvenyukireya kuputika, kukunda mazana makiromita uye kukonzera nemwaranzi kurwara. Zvose izvi ichokwadi, asi haina chokuita nezvengozi nemwaranzi zvakananga. Sezvo iyi, vanoti zviri simba ravo rakapinza. Chokwadi, alpha-, beta- uye wegamma-mwaranzi zvakasiyana panyaya iyi. Zvisinei, ngozi iri kuongororwa kwete rakapinza uye woga dose. indekisi ichi rinowanikwa mune joules por kilogram (J / kg).

Nokudaro, dose nemwaranzi yokuita zvinoitwa chakayerwa hacho. numerator Its haisi uwandu Arifa, wegamma uye Beta nezvimedu, kureva simba. Somuenzaniso, wegamma nemwaranzi zvingava zvakaoma kana munyoro. Ekupedzisira ane yakaderera simba. Kuramba muenzaniso chombo, tinogona kutaura: hakusi bedzi caliber ari bara, uye zvakakosha kuti iro bara - kubenzi kana ane pfuti.