Indigirka - norwizi kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Yakutia. Description, chikafu, vabati vechibharo

Indigirka - rwizi iri kuchamhembe Asian chikamu Russia. Ndicho chikuru muRepublic of Sakha (yaimbonzi Yakutia), rechitatu pakukura kuSiberia. Length erwizi - 1726 km inoyerera kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro, muromo - East Sea Siberian. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pool runobva Indigirka Arctic Ocean. The nzvimbo mvura yomurwizi bheseni -. Vanenge 360 zviuru Km. Nharaunda yose nemhenderekedzo rakarova runako rwayo, makomo rimwe divi kufananidzira ushingi, pachena kuno rumwe - the softness uye mutsa.

The zita uye kunobva

Indigirka - rwizi kuti zvinoda zita rayo kubva Siberian Tunguska yaanobva Evens. Remutauro kwavo, hydronym anoshandura se "imbwa dziva."

mavambo Its Indigirka anotora nzvimbo hova maviri gomo kukura diki wekuita. Source Hova iri kuchamhembe yakatenuka muhomba Halkan. Zvayaiva pakutanga murwizi ari nekukwirira mamita 792 pamusoro pegungwa.

Zvinoitwa rwizi

Maererano zvechadenga mugero, mumupata uye kuerera velocity Indigirka - rwizi, iyo inogona muzvikamu zviviri: makomo uye bani. Kureba yokumusoro mugove kwegomo - 640 km flat pasi - 1086? Km. Ruchiyerera kubva rwokumusoro yakatenuka Halkan siyana, kuerera chinotungamirwa pamwe rezasi muganhu Oimyakon Upland maronda anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri: Chemalginsky uye Cherskii. Zvichitevera, vakagumisa muhomba Moma, Indigirka anopinda pamapani nzvimbo. Rwizi hurungudo iri nzvimbo iyi, zvinoitika kudzika zvikamu rwizi pamwe yakabudikira kubva pasi unopinza boulders, inonzi shivera.

Mwero kufamba mvura munzvimbo idzi anenge 2-3 m / s. Apo Indigirka Chemalginsky intersects mumwe muhomba, nokukurumidza inowedzerawo kusvika 4 m / s. Munharaunda iyi, rwizi nokuumba Mangondo kuyerera kuburikidza yakadzika mumipata. zano Izvi zvakaoma zvikuru uye ngozi, saka hakusi akakodzera kunyange chiwanikwa.

Muchikamu sandara chikamu Indigirka (rwizi) runoyerera achishandisa Yano-Indigirka uye Abyisky pamapani. Valley kunowedzera, ndinosika vazhinji mhotsi dzangu, shoals uye dzisimbe. Avhareji upamhi rwizi munzvimbo idzi -. 500. Indigirka ndiye chakakombama chaizvo.

Pedyo Delta anowedzera upamhi mumupata kusvika 600-800 m, uye rwizi rakakamurwa: Russian muromo Kolyma ruoko Average ruoko - remasangano pavo. Sleeve 130? Km kubva mugungwa, akavapindurawo, kuumba paupamhi Delta, ayo nharaunda vanopfuura 5 500 sq. ? km. Bheseni kunosvika pamwe kumuganhu permafrost, saka oledenevshie mhenderekedzo chando huru - anozivikanwa ezvinhu mvura ndokuyerera Indigirka.

Asi pakati muromo negungwa vakaumba kudzika bhaa (sandbar rwizi uye gungwa emadhaka sedimentary).

Nutrition, Drain uye congelation

The rwizi Indigirka yakavhenganiswa mhando. Vazhinji mvura uye snowmelt mvura. Uyezve, pasi rokupedzisira one zvinofanirwa kutendeuka kuti mvura chando, chando, uye icing. Pond tinoberekwa kuMabvazuva Siberian mhando utongi. Panguva anodziya mwedzi, pane kugara mafashamo. Rinotora mazuva 70 kusvika 100. Asi rwizi akafuka chando muna October, uye ichi nguva rinovapo kusvikira May uye June. Aizi pa zvikamu zvinotora inenge vhiki. Annual eko mvura - anenge 58 km ndechokuti muzhizha (50%), tsime - 32% kuwa - 15%, uye muchando pane 1%.

River utongi Indigirka kwazvo kuti kuerera ichaongororwa kuva coolest panyika, ichi ndicho ayo akasiyana chinhu. Winters vari chena chando uye hasha. Kana yechipiri mhepo tembiricha (kubvisa 40-50 Celsius), rwizi mune dzimwe nzvimbo pachioma kusvikira pasi. Mumusha. Ojmjakon iro riri pedo confluence. Nera muna Indigirka, vakanyorwa apasi tembiricha iri Northern Hemisphere. Ivhu iri pazasi alluvial mavambo.

Geographic nzvimbo uye mamiriro

Vamwe Russian River (Indigirka kusanganisira) kuitika dzinenge yose ndima Republic of Yakutia. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muviri mvura iri chirimwa urongwa anoenda kuburikidza akasiyana nenzvimbo nzvimbo. Taiga uye taiga masango okumusoro kunosvika kworwizi michinjikwa (kasvisto anomiririrwa sparse Deciduous nemasango, mumatenhere emisidhari alder mumatenhere), uye masango-achinaya mvura uye achinaya mvura iri dzakaderera zvasvika (rinomiririrwa nemiti uye lichen). Arctic gwenga cho unyatsoshanda Delta. Inenge kwose kwose swamped pamahombekombe.

Climate - zvikuru-Continental. Average January kutonhora - kubvisa 40 ° C, avhareji July - plus 14 ° C. Humidity - 70%.

Inflows

Rechibharo Indigirka raiva zvose yepamusoro uye ezasi rinosvika. At yokumusoro muganhu kuti kuerera pedyo kuruboshwe - Elga rwizi, Kyuente, Kuydusun kurudyi - chikuru inflow Indigirka - p. Nehra (196 km). Rezasi Muganhu kuruboshwe - Uyandina River rechibharo, Allaikha River, selenium, Berelekh; Right - River Badyarikha River uye Moma.

Kuwedzera kukuru rechibharo, kubva Indigirka mune diki - rivulet Sarylakh, Talbykchan, Arga-Yuryakh, Achchygy-Chagachannah, Ataba-Yuryakh nevamwe. Vabati vechibharo, uyewo chaizvo Indigirka, dzakawedzerwa nemashoko mvura uye yanyungudiswa echando.

budiriro munyika

Dam budiriro akatanga chete pakutanga XVII remakore, kana akasvika kuSiberia Tobolsk Cossacks. The yokugara wokutanga pamahombekombe erwizi Indigirka rakaumbwa muna 1639 Cossack Postnik Ivanov - Zashiverskaya mujeri. The yokugara yaigarwa kusvikira pakuguma XIX remakore. Zvisinei, mushure chibhokisi chekorera mutaundi nokutsakatika. Zvino hachisisiri inogarwa, asi pane guta-shongwe.

Misa Kugadzirwa vanhu vakatanga vari yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore. Munguva Delta , pane chikuru kugarwa pamahombekombe - Russian Estuary. Pakupera ari XIX remakore pamahombekombe yorwizi paiva 29 yawo.

Zvino kumahombekombe Indigirka mitsetse vari 5 misha Ust-Nera (6000 pers.), Chokurdakh (2100 pers.), White Mountain (2000 pers.), Oymyakon (500 pers.), Hon (2 500 vanhu. ). Chokurdakh musha - ndiyo nechokumusoro chiteshi kuRussia.

Kuwedzera vomunzvimbo, vanhu vari munzvimbo idzi kukwezvera deposits zvendarama. Pamahombekombe erwizi ndarama mugodhi. At Moma rwizi bheseni pane deposits kuti marasha.

fauna of

Indigirka akapfuma hove fauna of vamiririri. In mvura yorwizi vakawana musha wavo pamusoro marudzi 30 hove. Zvikuru nevakawanda hove pamuromo. Vakawanda zvokutengeserana mhando hwemvura mhuka Indigirka: whitefish, cisco uye whitefish. Kuwedzera vamiririri izvi zvinozivikanwa nevamwe: whitefish, whitefish, burbot.

Uyezve, mvura inowanikwa Indigirka uye pangozi mhando hove, zvimwe izvo rwakaiswa panjodzi. Izvi Somuenzaniso, Siberian Sturgeon - mumiririri ari panjodzi. Uwandu nevanhu nehove chena Sarimoni, Siberian whitefish yakaderera kuti kutsoropodza nemitemo. Recently akatanga kurambidza hove marudzi muskun.
Nguva nenguva kuti kuita kuti pave ari Delta Indigirka kuenda Sarimoni: blue uye Chum Sarimoni.

Muchirimo mwaka kubva mumusha Honu navigable rukova. Panguva ino, rwizi Nde mvura-nzira chokufambisa kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweRussia.

Kuenda

Mumugwagwa rwizi Indighirka - chiitiko hakusi nyore, nzvimbo ine ngozi. Asi kupfuura zvose anosandudzira utsinye tembiricha ezvinhu. kazhinji vadzidzi ava Geographical Institute wokutsvakurudza tsika, sezvo vakawanda pamhenderekedzo Indigirka harina kudzidza.

Asi adventurers chinoshayikwa kwese, uye kunzvimbo kunosvika yorwizi rinoitwa igwa Rafting, Kayaking. Asi pane zvinoshamisa nzvimbo yakakodzera hove uye kuvhima.

The kwomuzvarirwo zvinokwezva nedunhu anogona kunzi Chersky siyana. Saka mazita akaongorora nharaunda ID Cherskogo. The yakakwirira payo - Kukunda (3003 m.). Ndiye wokupedzisira guru nenzvimbo inoti, vakanyora mamiriro ayo Russia. Zarura chete muna 1926 mumwe mutsvakurudzi SV Obruchev.

Kuwa yakatenuka rwizi

Fall River Indigirka (uye zvimwe) rinowanikwa kubva kure pakati anokonzera uye muromo dura. Kutaura zvazviri, shoko iri rinoreva kuti musiyano izvi zviratidzo zviviri. Maererano nedzimwe pamutemo mashoko inodonha anenge 1 zviuru. Mamita. Nhamba avhareji nezvimwe Rwako Russian.

Raiiswa Indigirka rwizi kumativi 58 m /? Km. nhamba iyi yakawanikwa pedyo ukama kuti kwakakura kuwa dura. Pfungwa, nhamba haina kudaro mukuru Zvisinei, achiri ari parwizi, unofanira kungwarira zvikuru.