North-Crimean Canal. Ukraine, North-Crimean Canal

Kuunganazve kweAvonomous Region yeCrimea neRussia kwakakonzera kusangana kwakaoma uye kunorwadza mumasimba matsva eUkraine. Icho chiitiko chokuti chiito ichi chakatsigirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vemu peninsula pakutanga rwakarambwa navo. Zvisinei, zvimwe zviito zvisingaverengeki zvakasimbisa kuziva kwekuvimbika kwechiitiko ichi. The North-Crimean Canal, iyo inopa kusvika 85% yezvinodiwa zvevagari vomuCrimea nehupfumi hwayo, yakanyarara kushanda.

Vashanduri vemasikirwo

Kuti tifungidzire kuyerwa kweiyo hydraulic structure, zvakaringana kungojekesa chokwadi chokuti hakuna rimwe rwizi rukuru rwenyama munyika. Kureba kwemvura kunopfuura makiromita mazana mana, iyo yose Union yakaivaka. Mune pfungwa chaiyo yekusika kwevanhu-yakagadzirirwa nzira iyo yakaisa upenyu kune nyika isina zvibereko isina miti, chishuvo chevatungamiriri vaviri veSoviet, JV Stalin naKikita Khrushchev, nokuda kwekusiyana kwavo kwose kuratidzira kunyika zvakakosha zvemaitiro matsva evanhu, socialism, uye kutsunga kuchinja uye Kuvandudzwa kwezvose, kunyange zvisikwa pachako. Mumakore makumi mashanu okutanga, chirongwa chekushandura nzvimbo uye reliefs chakashandiswa. Sezvimwe chinhu chaiye, mapurojekiti akaendeswa kunotarisa makomo uye kudzorera nzizi zvakare. Hasi dzose dzaive dzakajeka, asi mhenderekedzo yekuNorth-Crimean, iyo mapaundi anobva kuTavriysk kuburikidza neArmansansk neKrasnoperekopsk aigara achitaridzwa mupenjeni yebhuruu uye mubato wepombi yaStalin, akanga ane ruzivo.

Nguva yezvishamiso

Gumiguru 17 izuva rinokosha rechizvarwa che "makumi matanhatu". Muna 1957, musi iwoyo, chikwata cheSoviet chakazarura nguva yevahedheni. Muna 1963, guta reAarmyansk rakazunungusa kuputika, asi haana kutya chero ani zvake, asi zvakasiyana, akafadza zviuru zvevanhu vakaungana pamusangano mukuru. Munyori Wechipiri pachake akauya pamhemberero yacho, mutero weTTT wakatsvoda jumper shoma pasi, uye mvura yakanaka Dnipro yakadururirwa mukuputsa. Nokudaro, nyaya yekudiridza kwenyika yaimbofungidzirwa isina kukodzera kugadziriswa kwekurima yakagadziriswa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chimwe chishamiso chakaitwa nevanhu, kuitika kwaGagarin, uye, chokwadi, chaiva nzvimbo inokosha mupfungwa dzevanhu venguva yakareba, asi nharaunda yeNorth-Crimean, pasinei nekuratidzika kwayo kwechirevo chechimiro, yakave yakangoita kushamisa kushamisa kwevanhu.

Complex system

Kuvakwa kwakatanga pasi peStalin kwakatangazve munaApril 1961. Zvose zvinyorwa zveyunivhesiti dzakakonzerwa zvakatumirwa kune chinhu chinoputika, uye injini dzechidiki dzichiita zvinyatsonzwisiswa zvinyengeri zvebasa ravo rakasarudzwa. Dzimba dzinoverengeka dzokuvaka uye dzekokorodzano, mapurisa akachengetedza mafoni uye mamwe masangano akapiwa basa rekusika mamiriro ekudiridza 180 000 hectares, iyo imwe chete yemugwagwa yakanga isina kukwana, saka North North Crimean Canal yakaoma uye yakagadziriswa sarudzo nevanokurumidza kubuda, zviteshi zvekuputira, zvitubu zvemvura Uye mamwe majekiti e hydrotechnical. Urongwa hwakawanda hwakadaro hunoda kuchengetedzwa kwezvimwe zvivako zviyo: migwagwa, nzira dzezvitima, mapaipi uye magetsi. Kusvikira pakupedzisira, vavaki vakavaka mabhiriji akawanda.

Nhanho dzekuvaka

Nharaunda yekutanga yemvura iyo yose yakazadziswa muna 1978. Chirongwa chimwe chete chinotarisirwa kudirirwa kwepenyika yose uye kupera kwekuvaka muEvpatoria. Pairi, uye akaita kusvikira muna 1990, kutumirwa gore negore kusvika makiromita makumi matatu emvura. Nzvimbo yekupedzisira, yakatanga muna 1985, yakanga isati yapera. Muna 1991, pane wreckage yenyika huru, itsva mamiriro ehurumende akabuda, kusanganisira Ukraine. Nzira yekuNorth-Crimean yakazova mutoro usingagoni kuregererwa wehupfumi hwenyika ino, uye kuvakwa kwaive kwakanyanyisa, kunyange zvazvo pakupera kwacho kwakanga kusina kukwana zvishoma mune macroeconomic, mamiriyoni 23 hryvnia.

Mamiriro

Uye nenzira isina kugadziriswa, chimiro chikuru ichi chinonakidza nekukura kwayo. Vane gumi vane vashandi vekudzidzira kwepamusoro vakatora chikamu pakuvaka kwayo. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nezvikwereti zvakaurawa mumatengo akaenzana zvakapfuura imwechete nehafu yeSoviet rubles. Mvura mumugwagwa weNorth-Crimean inogona kupfuura nehanzvadzi yemaani 300 pamusi wechipiri, zvichipa kuerera kwemabhiriyoni mazana mana emamiriyoni emamiriyoni gore pagore. Munguva yekuvakwa, anenge mabhiriyoni mashanu emakiromita mamita evhu akabudiswa. Mamiriyoni matatu matani ekrete akaiswa pasi uye masvingo emugero. Akafara mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe chikamu chimwe nehafu hafu mamita. Kuvaka kwakagara makore 36. Zvose izvi zvinogona kuve kudada kwevanhu vose venyika, nyika ipi zvayo munyika. Vanhu veAmerica vanofara kutaura pamusoro peHoover Dam muNevada, kutakura vatashanyi kwairi. Nzira yeNorth-Crimean haina kupa rukudzo rwakadaro.

Yakaputirwa chiteshi

Munguva iyo apo Crimean Autonomous Republic yakanga iri mukati meUkraine, nyaya dzehupfumi dzemhuri dzakanga dzakaoma kugadzirisa. Nzvimbo iyi yainzi inzvimbo yakabhadharwa, zvikwereti zvayo kune bhajeti rehurumende zvakagadzirwa, kusanganisira yeDnipro mvura yakashandiswa. Chii chaizove kuwedzera kukura kwezviitiko uye kuti chinetso ichi chinogona kugadziriswa sei, zvino chinoramba chiri kungofungidzira. Izvo zviri pachena kuti hapana mishonga yekuvandudza kushanda kwehupfumi hwenharaunda yakachengetedza, zvisingaiti chinhu chinozivikanwa pamusoro pavo. Kuparadzaniswa kwaro kubva kuUkraine mushure mokunge zviitiko zveMaidan zvichitambidzana ukama pakati pe peninsula ne "zororo rose" kubva kune chikamu kusvika panzvimbo yekati.

Sekukurudzirwa kwekudzoka kwechipinja chekuputika muna April 2014, gomba reNorth-Crimean rakavharwa. Zvisinei, ichi chokwadi chakange chakarambidzwa, kunyange zvazvo kune uchapupu hwakakwana. Ichi ndicho chiteshi chisina chinhu, uye mifananidzo yakatorwa kubva mundiza, ichiedza kuedza kuzadza kiteshi nekwenyoro polypropylene zvikwama zvakazara negecha kana pasi. Zviremera zveUkrainian zvinoreva kuti kuverenga kwekudzivirira mvura kunenge kuchivakwa, zvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zvinopiwa, zvinowanzopikisana, asi chokwadi chinoramba chiripo kuti mvura haifaniri kuyambukira kudunhu rekunze. Hurumende yenhau yeRussian Federation yakatora matanho ekusimbisa hurumende ye hydraulic system kubva kunze kwekushandisa. Hurumende yeUkraine yakanyatsoziva kuti maCrimea sevatorwa.

Kupfuurira mberi kukurudzirwa kwekukakavadzana ndechidzidzo chekufungidzira kwakasimba. Chinhu chimwe chakajeka: inongova chikamu chematambudziko epasi rose.