Northern modernist werudzii mu mavakirwo St. Petersburg

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri muSt Petersburg kwakaratidza veMubatanidzwa idzva mapurani werudzii, mumwe maitiro zviri raiva kushandiswa pamasikiro panze mifananidzo shiri, mhuka, zvinomera uye zvishongo yaainge kubva kuchamhembe ngano. Vakaita kunaya chinokosha hombe uye wakaoma France of St. Petersburg imba. Manyorero pamusoro mapurani, iyo inopfuurira rwokudanana tsika Swedish uye Finnish netsika, inonzi "Northern Art Nouveau". Chitarisiko chake chave chinhu chinokosha nokusimbaradza ukama reRussia pamwe muSweden uye Finland. In unyanzvi nyika idzi, chikuru ainyanya kudanana, achishingaira anoshandisa mifananidzo kubva epics uye rengano.

Nyaya ino kutiudza yakajeka Zvivako zviri Northern Art Nouveau muSt Petersburg mapurani.

nezviratidzo wokugadzira

The chikuru kwokunze zviratidzo kuchamhembe ano mapurani vanosarudzwa nounyanzvi guru wemishonga dzinongoitika uye kubata okugadziridza zvokuvakisa. Pano, mumwe rokuti makomborero kubva napedyo vamwe.

Rusvingo nezvigadziko inowanzoshandiswa Finnish girenayiti. In manyorero kuchamhembe modernist rinopa zvayo ine kubudiswa, kuvapo zvakanaka akavezwa zvimedu uye zvinhu chivezwa. Ndege kwemasvingo pamusoro yokumusoro pauriri akafuka Kupedzwa Zvidhinha zvepamusoro kana textured purasita.

Pakati zvinhu yokushongedzwa zvivako aunonyanya mazano kunofuridzirwa nezvifananidzo kuchamhembe ngano - ayo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Chinoshamisawo kushandiswa kakawanda mavara uye majolica usina kukonekita.

Chimiro zvivako, sezvinoita kuchamhembe ano, zvikuru hombe, mu mapurani pane diki decoration zvinhu.

Achisiyanisa mubatanidzwa textures uye zvitarisiko, zvakasiyana-siyana hwindo mawindo, avo pamwe chete piers mukuru mataurire dzimba France, yakapedzwa kuchamhembe Art Nouveau muSt Petersburg mu zvizere pfungwa yeshoko ikava kuchitonhora kunzwisisa maumbirwo, akafanana iyoyo guru-pamwero hurongwa kuMiddle Ages uye kuchamhembe matombo nharaunda .

Northern modernist mavakirwo St. Petersburg haana kuwanikwa yakawanda, asi zvakadaro unesungano mamwe penya mapeji munhoroondo yacho kuvaka St. Petersburg mukutanga rechimakumi maviri remakore. The chikuru zviri achitungamirirwa, iyo kukosheswa vanogara mudunhu rino, yakanga kushandiswa kwemishonga zvinhu - matanda nematombo, stylized motifs pamusoro pevairwara mavakirwo kuchamhembe uye yeMiddle Ages, imwe makemikari ukama kwenzvimbo zvivako kunze kwenharaunda.

Northern Art Nouveau muSt Petersburg: History

Development zvidavado muSt Petersburg rakaitwa pasi chinokosha pokudzora Finnish, Swedish uye chiNazi kudanana mapurani.

Artist, tichigadzira nzira kubva kuchamhembe munyika St. Petersburg, aiva Sergei Diaghilev, uyo akaronga imwe kwemasimba Air Artists muna 1897 muna School of Technical Drawing pamusoro Baron Stieglitz. Gare gare Air motifs vakanga anhonga nenzira ezvivako vakatanga kuvaka muSt Petersburg musha kumboitika pamberi manyorero nguva.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muitisi zvidavado pfungwa kubva muvambi raiva Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, mumwe vamiririri munharaunda Swedish zviri kuchamhembe guru.

Basa rake muSt Petersburg munguva 1901-1907 gg. Vakanga zvakavakwa zvivakwa, vasina imwe nzira kune kupararira yeAustria uye German Modernism mikana.

Nyanzvi dzinoti chinokosha simba pamusoro paumbwe mifananidzo werudzii murongedzeri pakati manhamba huru dzakadaro Swedish chiNazi romanticism sezvo Boberg uye Klasson.

chipo chinokosha kuti paumbwe Northern Art Nouveau mukutanga Danho wakatangwa pakuonekwa zvivakwa, zvakagadzirirwa ne R. Meltzer, musi Stone Island. Papera rokuchinja manyorero mavakirwo vavariro Finnish akava mumwe mukuru. Nhangaruvazhe yakavakwa muna 1907, akadai imba Putilova pamusoro Grand Avenue. Petrograd Side (basa mapurani I. Pretro), uye kuvaka Inishuwarenzi Company "Russia" mumugwagwa. Bol. Sea (basa murongedzeri G. Gimpel), tiri zviratidzo zvakananga Citation nemabasa Finnish navo - L. Sonck uye E. Saarinen. Izvi, zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinoti, usingatangi dzinorerutsa munhu akazvimiririra uye yakakwirira zvinoyevedza unhu mabasa aya.

In yechipiri yezana gumi maviri Northern Art Nouveau muSt Petersburg rokutanga rava huru mapurani kosi kuti mwoyo kufarira vechiduku ezvivako. With nguva ino, batanidza huru nebudiriro N. Vasiliev, aimbova muteveri Romanticism, izvo zvinogona kurondwa nemabasa munhu chiratidzo zvidavado. Above Oriental motifs vakatonga kuchamhembe dingindira pamberi peimba A. Bubyr (S.. Stremyannaya), uye yokupedzisira nekubatwa ari chechi, uye zvimwe zvivako zvinoverengeka.

Papera Northern modernist paakatsoropodzwa zvakasimba, zvaipfekwa kazhinji chauvinistic. Serimwe rinogona kutsiva kune modernist chuhonskomu akaita neoclassicism inonzi iri papi somunhu National zvechokwadi (Imperial) maitiro. Asi pakanga itsva uye zvitsva zvivako zvose zviri kuchamhembe modernist manyorerwo. Decorative okuberekwa akasvimha rationalism.

Small zvishongo uye sculptural kushongedzwa, pova mufananidzo kudanana yave atsiviwa mubatanidzwa ane epurasitiki France yemavhoriyamu guru - balconies, mahwindo Bay, denga silhouettes. Zvikurukuru dzinonakidza, maererano nenyanzvi, mufurati zvivako Northern modernist werudzii, yakavakwa muna 1910-1915 gg. (Architect A. Bubyr).

vamiririri

Northern Art Nouveau muSt Petersburg akapa basa rokutungamirira ezvivako:

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Dzimba manyorero kuchamhembe modernist, St. Petersburg: Top 5 nezvivakwa dzakakurumbira

Zvinofanira ichipfuura ichi rakapotsa nzira vakaisa amateurs Stylish mapurani. Inotungamirira kune zvivako akakurumbira zvikuru yakavakwa muSt Petersburg kuchamhembe Art Nouveau, uye vanoziva nhoroondo dzavo. Zvivako izvi ndizvo chakajeka peji iri chokuudzwa zvinokwezva.

Bubyr imba mumugwagwa. Murume, 11

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, St. Petersburg mapurani Alekseem Bubyrem atenga mumugwagwa. Groom nyika zvivako. Pamwechete mapurani Nikolai Vasilyev tenzi rinotanga kuvakwa mufurati imba, iyo iri kuronga kugadzirisa pasi nemhuri yake, uye navamwe womutambo uye makamuri kuti kurenda. Chivako angotanga mukurumbira uye akava mumwe zvinokwezva itsva. Vanopfuura vakashamiswa uye kunofadza vatorwa nenhamba, zvikuru shongedza France ayo. Izvo venyama chete hazvigoni kuonekwa pamusoro pamasvingo aro; rarira, hove, tarenda zvirimwa, zvisikwa vatorwa rengano uye ngano. A kanoda kushongedzwa reimba hwakapiwa mufananidzo kwezuva, sokunge aida kujekesa chikuru rweimba dzakatarira kuchamhembe, pano musawana ushamwari kupenya kwezuva.

Construction kwemakore maviri. Muna 1907 ndipo akatanga kugadzirisa varimi vatsva. Pazuva rokupedzisira, uriri wechitanhatu, murongedzeri vakagara pamwe nemhuri yake.

Features zvidavado marongerwo pa Stremyannaya

mamiriro ichi zvikuru, chirefu pamusoro Stremyannaya mumugwagwa, ndiwo unoshamisa muenzaniso rwekuchamhembe modernist ezvivako Vasiliev, chikuru Muvaki pakati decoration basa iri huru France, kubatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda, munhu decommissioned zvinokwezva Russian uye zvivako reMediterranean.

Pakupera Bay zvinotyisa vateereri uye anounza neshamwari pamwe domes pakati machechi ose Novgorod, ibwe mbariro, yakavakwa kumativi pasuo uye mirayiridzo. Imba zvakafananidzirwa drawbridges unoenda Ages nhare rezuva zviratidzo panguva inobhadhara mutero vose European uye Russian mapurani, unogona kuonekwa pamusoro simbi fenzi uye purasita.

Njodzi mumba

Bubyr aiva muridzi weimba kusvikira 1919, pashure pokuchinja, aifanira kuenda Ukraine, apo nokukurumidza hwake hwakanga zvinosuruvarisa achatapudzwa.

Zvino imba akaramba akamira panzvimbo yake uye, kufanana nezvimwe zvivako zvakawanda, waona yakawanda. Chivako akapona ari makobvu chimurenga, hondo uye pedutu. Nemukana kumuona pakati vaigara dzavo uye vagari venyika mbiri: aimbova mukamuri murongedzeri rikakamurwa zvaiita kwedzimba, pano akararama yakakurumbira Eduard Khil. Gare gare imba rakazarurwa Datenroku "Elf", iro aifarira kuunganidza vakatodzidza zvikuru mukurumbira vamiririri Leningrad pachivande: Viktor Tsoi uye Boris Grebenshchikov. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muchivanze cheimba vakaitwa vapfura firimu "Hama".

"Imba NdiTolstoy kuti" (imba Count kunobatsira NdiTolstoy M. P.) mumugwagwa. Rubinstein, 15-17

Izvi huru 6-storey imba pasina chikonzero anonzi "guta mukati guta." Kunyanya ayo marongerwo zviripo nezvivanze matatu zvakabatana ne ndima kuti vanoumba chaiye chokugara munharaunda, uye zvinoita sokuti vanhu vanogara munharaunda, zvachose nevamwe guta: mu mamita izvi zvikuru yakawanda nzvimbo, asi naivowo zvisingapindirani vamwe vavo rinokosha chadenga . Mapurani - Fedor Lidval, mutengi kuvakwa mukuru chivakwa - (. 1877-1878 gg) Major-General Count Mikhail NdiTolstoy, nhengo hondo Russian-wokuTurkey.

Lidval aida mumabasa ake vanoshandisa zvinhu rakafuridzirwa Renaissance. In magadzirirwe imba NdiTolstoy kuti unogona kuwana rakafara balconies napachivivo chokumusoro uriri, they, Renaissance Maberere. The kushongedzwa akasiyana Mazvokuda kuzvidzora: wakanaka vhasi mumaoko Cupid amire niches, vashongedze napo.

Imba akanambwa utiziro vanhu vose munzanga: ikoko zvakagoverwa sezvo muumbozha dzokugara, kunoshamisa kudhura kwayo uye mwero bhajeti mikana. Plan envisages elevators, mbatya uye mvura.

imba iyi inogona kunzi ine zvinyorwa kuti nhamba yevanhu vanogara mairi panguva dzakasiyana pamusoro mukurumbira, uyo pakati kare kudana munyori Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, Ballerina Irina Kolpakova, munyori uye mutori Arkady Averchenko, mudetembi echimurenga Vasily Knyazev nevamwe vazhinji. Vamwe mamita imba NdiTolstoy vake panguva dzakasiyana zuva aigona kuonekwa kuzouya kana kumba, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky uye L. Luppian. Makubhiti uye kunze kweimba kazhinji kushanda colour nokuda filming pamusoro movie: pano filming "The Adventures pamusoro Sherlock Holmes uye Doctor Watson", "Winter Cherry", "Kuberekwa Revolution" uye "Kuthikkira Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (neimba EG Follenveydera) pamusoro Big Avenue, 13

Kamennoostrovsky avhenyu inozivikanwa ayo fuma mapurani Zvivako zviri Northern Art Nouveau. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka ulkomaalaustyöt ari muimba, aiva muridzi aiva mugari Swiss, nemusoni uye nokutengesa ari Imperial Court E. Follenveyder, The imba yakavakwa muna 1905 maererano basa akitekiti Meltzer. The neimba ndiyo chiratidzazvizhinji of Northern Art Nouveau, asi yakasiyana nedzimwe pezvokuvamba Gothic Revival. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti chivako aiva experimental mumwe, nheyo achangobva akaonekwa madhorobha mapurani, peDare Northern Art Nouveau.

Manyorero mumba

Manyorero zvasarudzwa kuvakwa yakatanga dzidziso wokuScandinavia uye Finnish romanticism. It kunoratidzwa nyore uye monumentality mavhoriyamu, shongwe hombe, yakashongedzwa yokufeva tende. Nezvemabasa wavhomorwa kuti chena varinamire pamadziro achisiyanisa red denga usina kukonekita uye ndachena girenayiti plinth. Ake kwokunze pakuonekwa chivakwa afanane ane Castle yekare kana zvetsika Air Art Nouveau building, kwakapararira munyika XX remakore.

Zvinofadza kuti rekukwazisa chivako rakavakwa, vanhu vayo pakarepo vaimudana "Sugar Loaf" - zvichida nokuda chiedza-mavara stucco uye elongated rising. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pashure pokuchinja panguva neimba, aiva pachipatara pacho. Nhasi, ari muimba anomutsigira Danish veHigh.

About furati imba I. M. Lidvalya musi Kamennoostrovsky pr., 1/3

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1898, nyika Kamennoostrovsky Avenue chakatengwa kubudikidza amai murongedzeri F. Lidval. Chivako ndiro yakazvimirira basa akitekiti wokutanga. New chidobi nemunyori, kwete kare rizivikanwe mavakirwo St. Petersburg, aiva urongwa huru pamberi kwemba, hwayo-akazaruka kurutivi kunze. chidimbu ichi, atypical nokuti St. Petersburg furati zvivako, vachipinda imba yakanga akapa yakawanda chiedza.

Pakati akadzama kuri mumashoko modernity, munyori rakashandisa rokuyamura cartouche, raakanga yakashongedzwa nechepakati portal, ndokusimbiswa musi kuvakwa basa iri chikamu ichi weimba - "1902". Right kubva musi anoratidzwa Pine mapazi pamwe pasikweya, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa pedyo shiri sango Peck norovyaschie padivi pake tsuro. Varindi tsuro vaona kuti kudzingwa mudondo mumatenhere rake guru-rine nzeve navo. Kuruboshwe musi, unogona kuyemura mufananidzo musoro yokuSpain nomuromo azarurirwa, pedyo vakahwanda pamusoro davi zizi rine kupararira mapapiro.

Exterior kunokanganisa zvakawanda madzvinyu mufananidzo, makuru-hove, mhuka michero, toadstools, tulips uye zvichingodaro. Kunokwezva kuti anopenya kuvapo vakawanda mhenderekedzo mahwindo uye balconies, hwindo mawindo, korona mifananidzo mifananidzo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Izvi manyorero ndiwo chikonzero kuti imba inotaurwa mabhuku munhoroondo mapurani. Pakutanga "fronts Best" muSt Petersburg (1907), murongedzeri basa rave paakavapa.

Pakati guru-zita varimi rinonzi mhuri Lidval, yokudhirowa K. Petrov-Vodkin, mutambi Yuri Yuriev.

"House with namazizi" (furati imba Putilovoy T. N.) musi Grand Avenue PS, 44

Chimiro zita rake kurongwa hworusvingo kunodiwa zvivezwa nezvinorira aishongedza France ayo. Imba yakavakwa muna nguva kubva 1906 kusvika 1907. munyori wayo aiva mapurani Hippolyte Pretro - mumwe vamiririri St. Petersburg Northern moderni. Chivako yakavakwa kuti mushambadzi Putilova, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva muridzi rimwe manufactory pakati muzvitoro musi Vasilyevsky Island.

House zvinokosha unyanzvi nyonganyonga, mahwindo dzakasiyana zvitarisiko: shirokime, yakatetepa, pfupi, refu. Zvadaro, Fafitera anoona pamberi Danho danho Bay mahwindo, zvakawanda chishongo mupfumi mifananidzo nematongerwo kuchamhembe kasvisto, fauna of uye ngano. House pamwe namazizi chinhu inozivikanwa aikosha muguta. Pasina decoration zvinhu zveimba kunganzi kwakajairika monolithic mufurati, mukati umo pane chivanze-tsime. Asi kuvapo yepakutanga casings, balconies uye zvinoshamisa mifananidzo dhigirii France zvechokwadi zvisingakanganwiki. Ndiyo "House with namazizi" anoonekwa kuva nebhizimisi kadhi Northern modernist maitiro. Muna 1912, basa murongedzeri pamusoro makwikwi yakanakisisa Pretro pamadziro akanongedzera sirivha menduru. Panguva iyoyo aireva kuziva kunaka nemunyori.

Musi kumutsidzirwa netsika

Zvikafadza gourmets zvose uye mafeni ose zvinonaka uye utano chikafu hachisi kare muna Petrograd District akazarura resitorendi "Northern modernist maitiro". Zita sangano nowenyika yaitonga, pakataurwa kumboitika kukura wokuRussia zvitupa, uyewo ane kumboitika ruva ounyanzvi, tsika uye zvitsva mabhizimisi matungamirire.

The zita inoratidza kunzwisisa varidzi kudiwa ndiponesezve uye kusimbisa yenyika tsika. Muresitorendi ndiyo yakabatana chivakwa, iyo dzimba kuti "PetroCongress". Fine panze uye mukati zvivako zviri maererano mavambo pamusoro Muterere kwayo, izvo hunodzorwa ndiro pamusoro pre-echimurenga chili.