Nyorai sechipanji. Zvakakurukurwa marongerwo uye makirasi sechipanji

The pemvura nyika iri saka siyana uye nemamwe kuti dzimwe nguva kunyange zvakaoma kusiyanisa zvinomera nemhuka. Saka noshamisa zvitarisiko zvisikwa zvipenyu ikoko. Large zvomumvura hofori uye nemaziso chaizvo planktonic crustaceans, mavara uye inopenya, zvikara uye herbivores - kupenga siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu zvipenyu. Rimwe zvisikwa aya chinoshamisa uye vari chipanje, iyo huchakurukurwa.

Vhuṱanzi

Kurondedzera nzvimbo mhuka idzi munyika makemikari nyika ino, munogona:

• Empire - Cell;
• umambo - Pets;
• Subkingdom - zvipuka zvine masero akawanda;
• kutaipa - sechipanji.

Nhasi tinoziva kuti pane anenge 8000 marudzi. 300 vavo vanogara magwanza kwemakungwa nyika yedu.

kupatsanura

Sechipanji mhando rinobatanidza zvose anozivikanwa vamiririri mana makirasi makuru.

1. Calcarea, kana madota. Vanoumba rokunze marangwanda ari ichinonoka karusiyamu munyu.
2. Munhuwo kana Kremnerogovye. Mumiriri Chief - badyaga.
3. Glass (nhanhatu-rayed). nhamba Class muduku.
4. Coral - kirasi murombo chaizvo mhando.

Zvose sechipanji izvi vane unhu zvavo, kwete chete zvokunze asiwo womukati chivako, mararamiro uye zvoupfumi kukosha muupenyu hwevanhu.

zvekunze mamiriro

Zvichida kujairika mune maitiro zvose mhuka idzi ichava chete chokunze chitarisiko. Mamiriro Akaita kwokunze nemamiriro chipanje anotsanangurwa ne zvakasiyana maumbirwo muviri kuti vari yo pavo. Saka, vamiririri makirasi akasiyana kunogona kuva muchimiro:

• girazi;
• nembiya;
• muti mamiriro.

symmetry muviri ari muchimiro chete - nechirwere akabatana, mu yaitonga - zvakasiyana. Mumwe nomumwe ane sandara sole, hwaishandiswa zviri zvakabatanidzwa pasi kana mumwe substrate. Kazhinji sechipanji vari immobile mararamiro.

On yokumusoro divi muviri pane chinokosha buri, unonzi "oskulyum". Inoshanda kubvisa mvura zvakawandisa kubva zvemukati mhango. Kunze muviri rinosanganisira marongera masero - pinakodermoy. Akafanana dzavo marongerwo epithelial rinenge mhuka kwirirei.

Zvisinei, panewo zvakasiyana zvimwe - kuvapo yakafara pores. The nemamiriro chipanje zvinopa Absorção de Água pakati nezvimedu zvokudya kuburikidza pamusoro hwomukova hakusi, kureva kuburikidza vakawanda rakapinza zvose muviri punching kuti anogona kubata uye richikura.

Under rokunze rukoko vanosarudzirwa maviri kufunga zvakadzama gare gare. Ruvara Zano Single uye ichitongwa siyana rakanyatsojeka siyana. Kune marudzi anotevera ruvara:

• pfumbu;
• matema;
• yepepuru;
• shora;
• chena;
• dzvuku;
• shava;
• yakavhenganiswa.

Sechipanji Taipa enliven pasi pemvura nyika, zvichiita kuti vatowedzera inopenya anoyevedza uye ichiyevedza. Muchiitiko chino, kana tikafunga yoga vatora nomumwe panyika pamusoro, zvichava asingakwezvi kwazvo: nowenyika mbishi chiropa brownish dzinotsvedza bhora, rokubudisa haisi chaizvo pemhino.

The womukati maumbirwo Representatives

chivakwa mhando sechipanji akafanana, kana mumwe chete kana dzakabatana munzvimbo. Pakarepo pasi kumudzivo paiva porous dermal masero iri chaiyo intercellular fuma Anoumba yakakwana volumetric mumuhara. It-siyana vakaronga masero, uye chimiro avo akasiyana. Mucheka iri zvishoma wakafanana mafuta iri yakakwirira yevamiriri. Chivako ichi inonzi "mezohil".

Under rukoko urwu riri mukati mhango mudungwe pamwe pedyo mumasero anokosha. Izvi gastralnyj rukoko. Zvokudya zvose rikawira pano, uye pano panozouya kugaya. namatongo All pamwe zvakawandisa mvura akatumira hwepamusoro muviri yokutanga uye asunungurwa therethrough kunze.

Uyewo, kuti nemamiriro chipanje inofanira kusanganisira kuti marangwanda ane mhando. Zvinonzi kuumbwa kubva kwesuko, phosphate, makemikari munyu, izvo achibudiswa unyanzvi masero mezohila. It kwete chete anopa eshaya vamwe muviri chimiro, asi anewo kukosha kuti ndichengetedze zvokuimba kukuvara womukati mhango.

Zvinoitwa Sponge mhando ichava kukwana, kana kwete huru chikabviswa kunan'anura mhuka idzi - muviri wavo une munyama, asi chete zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana chimiro uye maumbirwo masero, zvichiumba akaturikidzana. Ndiwo musiyano mukuru pakati mhuka mubvunzo kubva vamwe vose.

Uyewo dzinonakidza ndiyo mvura-kubereka hurongwa vanhu. makirasi siyana zvingava dzisakarurama. In zvachose mune mhando huru zvitatu:

1. ASCON - zvose kutaurirana pamwe kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza kwegadziriro sepombi kuburikidza iyo mvura inofamba nenzira chaiyo muchitokisi-sero. Chinonyanya Yokudzidza Aquifer System, iyo inowanikwa vamiririri shoma chaizvo.
2. Seacon. A yakawanda yepamusoro ezvinhu kuitika munhu richikurukura branching tubules uye ducts kumhanyira unokosha-kamuri masero pamwe flagella.
3. Leykon - oskulyumov yose network, kwakadai aquifer hurongwa maitire chete ichitongwa siyana. The kupfuura yakagozha shanduro pakanyorwa zvose yapfuura vavo.

Kubereka mu sechipanji kunoitika zvose zvepabonde uye asexually. Masero utachiona vari achiumbwa zvakaturikidzaniswa mezohila. The zvigadzirwa vari ipapo asunungurwa kuburikidza pores muviri uye outwards kubva mumvura kuitika mumuviri kuwa mamwe rushaya, apo muchangosangana kunoitika. Zvinoguma zygote, achipa vosimba dukutu. The furaya anganzi nemazita akasiyana: amfiblastuly, parenhimuly, tselloblastuly.

Kana isu kutaura asexual kubereka, kuti inobva nedanho yotunga, kureva nokuzviparadzanisa nhengo dzomuviri kunoteverwa patsva pakati chisipo hurongwa. Ruzhinji mhando sechipanji zvinosanganisira mhuka hermaphroditic.

Features mararamiro

Kana tikafunga kusiyana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda mhuka dzenyika, anofanira anonzi shaya kupfuura chinyakare padanho sangano. Zvisinei, zviri zvakare nemhuka akawanda ekare, pachava zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda kare. Panguva shanduka wekambani yavo, zvishoma zvachinja, vane unhu avo pamusoro nguva. Representatives chimiro upenyu hune zvinozonzi maviri:

• aroorwa;
• dzayaitonga.

Most aiwanzowanika masumbu muhombe shaya pakati nekorari kumboongororwa. Pane zvose Freshwater marudzi (vari vashomanana) uye vagere mumakungwa uye makungwa (nokuti zvikuru nhamba boka marudzi).

Sechipanji mhando zvinosanganisira mhuka zvokudya pamusoro zvinenge zvidiki kana avo mapfupa. In sechivako miviri yavo vane chaiwo chipika muchitokisi flagella. Vanongouya anobatirira kukukurwa zvokudya zvacho, kutungamirira muvira yomukati paragastralnuyu muviri mhango. Kugaya rinoitwa intracellularly.

Mune nzira kugadzirwa sechipanji zvokudya zvinogona kunzi vavhimi pusa. Vakagara asina zvaaiita pamusoro vakakoshesa nzvimbo iri kutarisira nechikepe inotonhorera inoramba. Yakanga chete pavanenge vari kare pedyo chaizvo, dzinovabata navo kuburikidza pores uye akatuma pamwe mvura mukati mumuviri.

Dzimwe vanokwanisa kufamba, pasinei nokuti achine bedzi kuti aida substrate. Zvisinei, mwero wavo diki zvokuti zuva rose rinokosha kashoma vachaenda zvakare pane imwe mita.

A-siyana sechipanji

Chakadaro chinyakare mhuka kusiyana vamiririri zvikuru chaizvo - chokwadi pane anenge 8000 marudzi! Uye maererano zvimwe zvichangobva data, nhamba iri kuuya nechekare kusvikira 9 zviuru. External kusiyana nokuda kusiyana mumuviri chimiro, ruvara uye mhando dzose marangwanda muviri ruvara evanhu (kana dzaitongwa).

Class Glass sechipanji

kunakidza kwazvo ayo zvokunze kusiyana girazi sechipanji. Havasi hwakawanda mumwe, asi une kujairika marangwanda. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kupfuura kwemarudzi, izvo zvinosanganisira mhando jira. General zvechadenga vamiririri mukirasi iyi ringaratidzwa mune ndima shoma.

1. The zita Latin vekirasi - Hexactinellida.
2. The marangwanda achiumbwa pamusoro nesilicon yeimwe, zviri saka yakasimba chaizvo.
3. The tsono mhando zvinobereka muviri, izvo hunodzorwa-rwakavakwa matanhatu chivako.
4. Mazana mhando parenhimuly kana tseloblastuly.
5. Aquifer System mhando leykona.
6. Colonial kazhinji pane kuroora chimiro.
7. Dzimwe nguva 50 masendimita kureba.

Vamiririri Zvinonyanyozivikanwa akadai:

• hialonema Siebold;
• euplektella.

Kirasi Zvavo kana Kremnerogovye, sechipanji

Sechipanji mhando mufananidzo vamiririri izvo zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino kunosanganisirawo kupfuura vakawanda pamusoro nhamba yevanhu dzekirasi - Kremnerogovye, kana Common. Yakasvika zita raro kuti imwe skeletal marongerwo - inoitwa silica uye spongina. Kwoukukutu zvikuru akatunhidzwa uye kuparadzwa nyore. Maumbirwe marangwanda ari tsono riri siyana zvikuru:

• sprocket;
• anchor the;
• Mace;
• unopinza tsono uye nezvimwewo.

Vakawanda Freshwater mumiriri mumwe Freshwater chipanji - chipanje, kushandiswa chokukomborerwa kuchena mvura muviri. Externally asingakwezvi, makara mashava mashava, dzimwe nguva tsvina-yellow. Unoshandiswa nomunhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa.

Ndezvipi zvimwe Vamiririri kuwanikwa pakati zvavo sechipanji?

1. Miksily.
2. Halichondriidae.
3. Baikal chipanji.
4. Marine brushes.
5. Giant hondrokladiya uye nevamwe.

Class calcareous chipanji

Zvinosanganisira vamiririri vane simba uye yakanaka calcareous marangwanda. Vakawana chete mumakungwa uye nyanza. Makara chava nani kana vasipo. skeletal tsono inogona anenge matatu mwaranzi. Key Vamiririri: Ascona, Seacon, leukandry.

Class Sponge Coral

Best Vamiririri shoma kuti akafanana mapazi nekorari. Izvi kunoitika nokuda paumbwe chakasimba calcareous marangwanda mavara akasiyana uye hwakarongwa marongerwo.

Representatives geratoporella Nicholson, Merlot. Just zvinorondedzerwa, nhanhatu chete mhando yemhuka idzi. Kwenguva refu havana zvichisiyana hurongwa nekorari kumboongororwa, saka vakanga vawana nekaupenyu achangobva.

Kushandisa sechipanji munhu

Inokosha upfumi zvakakoshera vanhu kuva norudzi jira. Representatives akashandiswa zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

1. Ko vechikamu ngetani zvokudya, sezvo ivo vari zvokudya mhuka dzakawanda.
2. Anoshandiswa nevanhu nokuita akanaka zvishongo nokuti muviri uye mukati imba.
3. Ane zvinhu kugonesa kushandiswa kwavo kwezvokurapa zvinangwa (bodyaga haana rokutora chipanje kupwanywa nokukuvadza unopodza).
4. Ivo inoshandiswa kuumba Utsanana sechipanji - Natural dzinongoitika zvigadzirwa nokuda zvizoro indasitiri.
5. Akashandiswa engineering zvimwe zvinangwa.