Nzira dze antiseptics, nzira dzekushandiswa

Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi19, maitiro akawanda ekuvhiya akaita kuti mugumisiro unouraya wemurwere kubva kune zvirwere zvinotapukira. Nenzira yekuti, kubudirira kwakadaro kwemishonga, semapirisaptic, kwakaderedza kuwandisa kwevakafa kubva kune septicopyemia kusvika zvishoma. Kuvhiyiwa kwemazuva ano kwakabudirira kushandisa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeanoriseptics, yatichakurukura munyaya ino.

Chii chinonzi antiseptics uye chii ichocho?

Pahukama hwepathogenic microbes ne purulent kuvhiringidza mavanga, kunyange vaporesi vekare vaisingazivi vakashandisa zvinhu zvakasikwa nemagariro anopesana. Kunyange zvakadaro, kurwisana kwepachirwere chekuvhiya kwakatanga muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi19, apo chiremba wechiChirungu J. Lister akabudisa imwe nyaya iyo yaitsanangura nzira yake yekurapa kuputika kwe 5% solution ye carbolic acid. Kubva panguva iyoyo, nguva itsva mukuvhiyiwa yatanga, uko nekubudirira kwemishonga mitsva yese mitsva yeviriseptic yakabuda.

Antiseptic mumagumo ezuva ranhasi inoreva zviyero zvezviyero uye zvinoshandiswa, chinangwa chekuparadza microorganisms, pamwe ne spores avo uye chepfu mumasukisi uye macroorganms. Pamwe chete neizvi, izwi rokuti "aseptic" rinokosha zvikuru pakuvhiyiwa, izvo zvinoreva kuoma kwezviyero zvekudzivirira kukura kwezvirwere zvepathogenic mu maronda. Nzira dzepfungwa dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemichina yekushandisa uye zvokushandisa. Sezvo nekuwanikwa kweanesthesia uye mapoka eropa, kuvhura kwekuvhiyiwa muzana remakore reXIX ye aseptic uye antiseptic rava rimwe remabasa ekurapa anokosha epanguva yacho. Kubva panguva iyo vanachiremba vakatanga kushingaira kuita izvo zvakamboonekwa seine ngozi (ine 100% inouraya mhedzisiro) kuvhiyiwa pachifuva uye pamimba.

Mhando mikuru yeanoriseptics mune mushonga wemazuva ano

Aseptic, yega, inobatsira zvikuru mukuvhiya uye kazhinji haidi mitsara yakawedzerwa, zvisinei, sezvakaratidzwa zvave zvaratidzwa, kukanganisa zvakakwana kushandiswa kwepiriseptic hazvibviri. Mhando dzevhiringidziki mumishonga inogona kugoverwa mumamiriro ezvinhu maererano nemhando yemashandisirwo akashandiswa uye nzira yekushandiswa. Muchiitiko chekutanga, nhamba yeviriseptic marudzi inosanganisira:

• Mechanical antiseptics.
• Nyama.
• Kemikari.
• Biological.
• Mixed.

Nenzira yekushandiswa, chemikemikari uye yezvinyorwa zvezvimedu zvevanorwisa zvinopesana mu:

• Nharaunda mune maitiro ekurapwa kwechimwe chikamu chemuviri. Nharaunda dzinopesana nevemunharaunda dzinogona kunge dzisinganzwisisiki uye dzakadzika. Kunyanya kureva zvinoreva zvigunwe zvesimbudzi uye kukuvadza (kushambidza nemagadzirirwo, kurapwa nevhupfu, mafuta, mafuta), uye kusvibisa zvakadzama ndiko kuiswa kwemaikemikari uye zvechirwere zvinopesana nehutachiona mumuviri kuburikidza nemajojo.
• Gavhuna, zvinoreva kuiswa kwemuviri kuburikidza neropa uye lymph nemishonga inorwisa maitiro (antusion of droppers).

Mechanical antiseptics

Mechanical antiseptic inoitwa nekubatsirwa nemichina yekuvhiya uye inosanganisira:

• Chikwata chemukoko wakakuvadzwa site: Kuchenesa ronda kubva kuropa ravha uye pus, kana riripo.
• Kurapa kwepamusoro: kana zvichidikanwa, kuparadzaniswa kwemiganhu uye pasi pegonda, kubviswa kwemamwe masimba uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingaitiki dzezviviri, kusarudzwa kwekugadzira sutures.
• Chirwere chechipiri chinowanikwa muitiko rekupararira kwechiremera chekukuvara uye kunosanganisira re-dissection yevanga, mvura, kubviswa kwe purulent secretion, fibrin uye zvitema zvakafa.

Zvirwere zvepanyama

Zvirwere zvepanyama zvinosanganisira mararamiro ekudzivirira kupararira kwemakemikari epathogenic uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvebasa ravo rinokosha nemishonga yemurwere. Mhando dzepanyama dzemapurisa anonyanyisa anosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Zvigadziro zvekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekuvhara chakavanzika kubva pakuvadzwa, zvinofadza pakuberekwa kwemakemikari. Iko boka revanopikisa zvinosanganisira: machira emakoloni, mabhanhire, napkins.
• Hypertonic solutions zvinoshandiswa mukubatana nekupfeka.
• Kugadzira zvinoreva kushanda pamusana pokutaurirana nemidziyo, iyo nzira inosanganisira kushambadza kwechirema.
• Tsika inoshandiswa nenzira ye ultrasound, ultraviolet, X-ray, laser uye oxygenation. Zvose izvi zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemakirukitiri emakemikari nemaitiro akakwirira.

Kamukirai antiseptics

Mishonga yemakemikari inosanganisira zviyero zvekuuraya zvirwere mumaronda emurwere kana muviri nemubatsiro wemakemikari, pakati peiyo:

• Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemishonga inoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mune aseptic yekugadzira zvishandiso zvokuvhiya, nzvimbo dzepasi, masvingo, nezvimwewo.
• Mishonga yemakemikari inoshandiswa pakutsvaga uye inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zveganda antiseptics muchimiro chearkalis, mararamiro e salts, acids, zvinokonzera, zvinodhaka. Zvakakosha zvevashandi vakadaro zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurwisa mabhakitiriya, kusagadzikana kwezvirwere zvepachigoni pakugadzirira, pamwe chete nekukwanisa kwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu nekusavapo Kuchinja kwakakosha kunokosha.
• Chemotherapeutic mishonga inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zverapeutic kana prophylactic uye inomiririrwa neanoriseptics yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Vanove nemigumisiro yakaipisisa pamakemikari, kwete chete mumatumbu ane chirwere chemurwere, asiwo mumuviri wake wose. Kunyanya kukosha munyaya dzekupararira kwekuvhiringidza kwekunze kunze kwekutarisa kwehutachiona. Chemotherapeutic mishonga inokosha mukurapa kwete nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa (kureva, kukwanisa kubvisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaabhakitiriya), asiwo kutarira kwavo kwakanyanya.

Biological antiseptics

Zvinyorwa zvinopesana nehutachiona zvinosanganisira nzira dzezvakabva mumhuka dzinokwanisa kuita zvose zvakananga pane zviduku, uye zvisingaiti. Biological antiseptics inosanganisira:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yezvakaberekwa inokonzerwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya, mold fungi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kudzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya, uye inobatsira pakufa kwakakwana kwemakemikari.
• Anatoxines ezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinokonzerwa mumuviri wevanhu vane utano hwakanaka kukudzivirira utachiona hwebhakitiriya.
• Bacteriophages vane mavairusi (anowanzonzi mabhakitiriya anodya), anokwanisa kuparadza microorganism kubva mukati.
• Zvisingazivikanwi masunostimulants (interferons, interleukins).

Mixed antiseptics

Inosanganiswa antiseptics inoshandisa nzira uye nzira dzemhando dzose dzeanoriseptic munharaunda. Sezvinosanganiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa:

• Inorganic antiseptics.
• Synthetic analogues of biological agents.
• Yakanyatsobudisa zvinhu zvezvinhu.

Nzira dze antiseptics dzehuni nezvimwe zvinhu zvokuvaka

Bhakitiriya yakasiyana-siyana inogona kukonzera kuora uye kukanganisa zvirongwa kwete kuvanhu uye mhuka chete, asiwo mune zvokuvaka, zvakadai sedanda. Kuchengetedza michina yemapuranga mukati nekunze kubva kune zvinokanganisa nezvipembenene uye musha mushroom, marudzi akasiyana ehuni antiseptic anoshandiswa mukuvaka. Vanogona kuva:

• Inorganic antiseptics ine mineral base uye inomiririrwa nesimbi inorati, kubudirira kuparadza zvipembenene zvose pamiti yemiti. Iri boka rinobatanidza mhinduro dze sodium fluoride, ammonium, uye sodium silicofluoride uye ammonium silicofluoride.
• Zvinyorwa zvinopisa zvinokonzera zvinhu zvinonyangadza kakawanda pane mafuta (creosote, semi-coke, anthracene mafuta, slate, nezvimwewo).
• Nhengo dzakasanganiswa dzinoputika dzinosanganisira zviviri kana kupfuura zvinokonzera zvinhu zvinosvibisa. Mienzaniso: chlorodon, chlorophos, phenol, carbolenium.