Kumaguta makuru uye chikuru yemo nzvimbo dzenyika

Modern vanhu, nokuti yose dzakawanda pezvakaitwa hunowedzera uye urbanized zvikuru. Naizvozvo mubvunzo kudzidza uye rondedzero mumaguta agglomerations dzinopfuura akakodzera. Nyaya inorondedzera chikuru yemo nzvimbo dzenyika, uyewo tsanangudzo rokuti "agglomeration" anopiwa.

Chii agglomeration

Most maenisaikoropidhiya ano rinotsanangura agglomeration sezvo hombe wevasungwa remaguta, izvo zviri kunyanya mumadhorobha, uye asina nyaya, uye dzidzo vekumaruwa kuti ikashandiswa kupinda mumwe nokuda zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvetsika ukama. The rakakura yemo nzvimbo dzenyika akatanga kuoneka pakati pezana-ramakumi remakore, kana madhorobha kukura kwakaitika kwose kwose. Muzana XXI remakore urbanization yapisa uye akaramba ari mutsva chimiro.

Agglomeration inogona kuumbwa kunhivi rimwe guta guru uye akaritumidza monocentric. Muenzaniso agglomerations dzakadaro New York uye Paris. Chechipiri mhando anonzi polycentric yemo nharaunda, izvo zvinoreva kuti ari yemo nzvimbo zvinosanganisira nemisha makuru akawanda, izvo, pasina mumwe, muri nechepakati. Muenzaniso unoshamisa womumwe polycentric yemo nzvimbo ndiye Ruhr mudunhu muGermany.

For 2005, pasi pose paiva agglomerations vanenge 400, nhamba yevanhu vari nomumwe wavo vakapfuura mamiriyoni 2. The rakakura yemo nzvimbo munyika mepu yaiva zvakarurama zvakaenzana, asi mukurusa wevasungwa iri kuchengetwa mune zvemari dzakabudirira. Mugore gumi rakakura mumaguta enyika pane vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 230 (zvizhinji kupfuura Vagari yeRussian Federation) vari.

Tokyo uye Yokohama

Chokwadi, chikuru agglomeration - ndiro guta guru Japan, Tokyo. Its hwevanhu nhasi riri pedyo vanhu mamiriyoni 38, kupfuura vanhu nyika dzokuEurope dzakawanda (Switzerland, Poland, Netherlands nevamwe) kuva. Agglomeration kwagara polycentric uye rinobatanidza maviri maguta nechepakati - Yokohama uye Tokyo, uyewo mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nemisha duku. Agglomeration nzvimbo iri 13.5 zviuru km ^2.

Nhongonya ichi yemo nzvimbo yakakura ine zvitatu dzomumaguta kuti dziri kumativi Imperial Palace muTokyo. Uyezve, guta achiri maruwa 20 uye prefectures akawanda (Gunma, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, etc.). The yose Murongerwo unowanzonzi ari Tokyo Greater.

London

Panguva iyoyo pane tsanangudzo dzakawanda nharaunda umo muguta London iri. Pakati pavo, Greater London, London County uye kunyange London mabha- kana teregirafu weruwa. Masayendisiti kazhinji kugovera iri miganhu maumbirwo enhoroondo center guru yeBritain kuti (City), Rwomukati London (13 guta kutigumbura), wokunze London (yekare Suburban nzvimbo). zvinhu zvose izvi zvinoumba muganhu marongerwo uye vakawanda, iro rine kupfuura yemo nzvimbo munyika.

Administrative miganhu yacho London yemo nzvimbo rinofukidza vanenge 11 000 km ² rine vanhu vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 12. Munharaunda iyi kunosanganisirawo vanonzi Satellite guta London: Bracknell, Harlow, Harare, Crawley nevamwe. Uye chete idzodzo kuti vari pedyo kuguta guru, zimbabwe, Vancouver, Kent, Hertfordshire.

Paris

Administratively, guta Paris ndiye chete mumwe madhipatimendi mukati munzvimbo Ile-de-France. Asi guta guru rine refu vanobwembura pasi pake madhipatimendi zvose vasere, asi administrative weboka iri parizvino akarembedzwa. A urbanized Paris ndiyo muzinda chine unhu zvakafanana chikuru mumaguta enyika uye agglomeration. Zvikurukuru, Paris ane vazhinji Satellite maguta, izvo zvakavakwa uye akabatanidzwa guru kare kuma1960.

Kuvakwa vanonzi maguta matsva - zvikuru zvakasikwa muParis satellites yakatanga kufamba muna korona guru muna 1960.

Paris rive guta guru French pamwe anonzi maguta matsva uye korona nezvimiro ane agglomeration hombe, kana Grand Paris. Nzvimbo guru riri 12 zviuru ^km2, uye vagari - vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 13. Paris ndicho chikamu chikuru yemo nzvimbo munyika map Europe.

Asian agglomeration

Munguva ichangopfuura, upenyu zvoupfumi uye netsika dzenyika anotanga kuwana nzvimbo Asia. The Asian nyika dziri nekutsvaga ari kupfuura yemo nzvimbo munyika. A muenzaniso wakajeka ndiro guta Mumbai, uwandu vagari iyo vanhu mamiriyoni 22 kwazvo. Kana guta guru Philippine pamusoro Manila ine vanhu mamiriyoni 20 uye Delhi pamwe nevagari mamiriyoni 18. In China, ari yemo nzvimbo pamusana anenge 10% of nharaunda yose. kumaguta makuru aya akafanana Shanghai (19 miriyoni) uye Hong Kong (vagari mamiriyoni 15), mienzaniso yakanaka urbanization pezvakaitwa kuMabvazuva.

Saka, muna kuitika akapoteredza kwenyika dzepasi pose uye urbanization, namaguta makuru vanokura uye kuva yemo nharaunda, izvo nyika kungoramba.