Gafur Gulam: Biography uye nebasa nyanduri

Gafur Gulam - nyanduri uye munyori, mumwe vaneshungu murwi ushamwari, mufaro, uye rugare pakati pamarudzi. nhetembo dzake, nyaya, enganonyorwa uye nhetembo mumitauro inopfuura 30, uye pamusoro "zvakaipa" kuseka anenge ose mugari Soviet.

Gafur Gulam: Biography

Nyanduri akaberekerwa murombo murimi mudiki mumhuri musi April 27 (maererano mamwe manyuko, 10 May) muguta guru Uzbekistan muna 1903 - Tashkent. Gafur Gulam (zita chairo), pasinei yakatangira, uyewo zvose nhengo dzemhuri, kusiyaniswa yakakwirira kunamata uye kuverenga. Baba Mirza Ghulam Arif aiva tsime-verenga murume, uye akanyora nhetembo. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat vaiva kakawanda vaeni misha yavo.

Kana amai nyanduri Tash Bibi, iye, akaita murume, akanga asina hanya nhetembo uye kunyora nyaya. Nemhaka kuverenga vabereki vana mhuri nokukurumidza vakadzidza kuverenga. Kunyange kuva mwana Gafur Ghulam verenga Farsi mabasa Alisher Navoi, Saadi uye Hafiz. Mumwe mukomana netsaona akanyora nhetembo yake yokutanga uye akaratidza amai chii mukadzi akati, iva nechokwadi kuti bvunza uye kuratidza tarenda rake baba vake.

Kufirwa pakuriritira mhuri

In kuwa 1912 baba vake Ghulam aka kumba ambotaurwa zvikuru kupfuura dzose. kurova nefivha uye muviri wake apiswa. Tash Bibi akanga aisa murume kunorara, akazodza vanorwara makwai zvakakora, nokumwa inopisa mishonga tii. Usiku hwose murume kudzipwa uye vangakosora zvikuru. Dana chiremba zvakanga zvisingaiti sezvo akanga asiri mahalla. The chirwere uri kuwedzerwa yokuti mumba yekare, iri wetlands, yagara nyorova. Pashure pezvizuva, kwakabva mhuri akarasikirwa musoro wemhuri, uye vana vashanu kunge nherera. Mukuru panguva yakanga 9 makore uye muduku - mitanhatu chete kwemwedzi.

Gare gare Gafur Ghulam kuudza kuti nguva dzose yeuka nhetembo, nerokudanidzira mai vake, akasiya zvakanyorwa nokuda nyika murume ane makore 44 okuberekwa,

"... The bvudzi dema yangu nechapamusoro vakawa.
mwoyo wangu uri kurwadziwa, nomufaro mukunyadziswa,
Kana mukakumbira ini zvakaitika kwandiri - ini ndichapindura;
- kuparadzana michero kudya Ndine ... "

Asi dambudziko haana kusiya mhuri nokukurumidza akafa uye mai vake. Uye Gafoor kunotanga besprizornichat. Ndakaedza pacharo zvakasiyana-siyana ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. Akanga akabvuma kumba chevana. Ndakaenda kushanda zvokudhinda shopu sechinhu typesetter uye vanyoresa mudzidzisi ekudzidzisa.

Bhuku rokutanga pachaunga uye muchato yakaipa

Muna 1919, pashure pokupedza kudzidza mudzidzisi ekudzidzisa, Gafur Gulam awana basa pachikoro chepuraimari. The mudzidzisi haana kungodzidzisa vana, asi akaenda dzimwe nzvimbo misangano neshamwari uye nevamwe.

Kuti zviite nherera upenyu Man, hama vanosarudza kuroora iye. Hapana akateerera resistances Man, uye munguva pfupi basa mwero muchato ane musikana kubva mahalla pedyo. Nokukurumidza Kholida akaberekwa mwanasikana, asi muchato dzakaguma nokurambana.

The nyanduri musoro wake vakapinda upenyu paruzhinji zvinhu uye. Uyo akazvionera matambudziko oupenyu nherera, Gafur Gulam achiva mumwe varongi vari kurwisa pokugara munyika. Muna 1923 akagadzwa mukuru chikoro chebhodho. Usiku, apo kuchikumbaridzo 15 establishments vaiva nherera, zvakanyorwa detembo kuti pashure yakati rakava bhuku rokutanga pachaunga.

munyori vana

Life hazvirevi chimbomirai Gafur pamwe nemagazini akawanda, akasangana zvakasiyana vanhu okusika, vanyori. Uye unowira murudo mumwe hanzvadzi duku munyori Mukhitdin Hayrullaeva - Muharram. In Mumatsutso 1931 vaifarira kubatanidza yemberi dzavo, sezvo zvikazooneka, nokusingaperi. Young akanga akaoma nemashoko ose, asi mukadzi wechiduku aiva wedzimba akanaka uye nomurume airemekedzwa vasunungurwa mudzimba matambudziko. Akanzwisisa kukosha kwebasa rake.

Mhuri noushamwari vana vakatanga kuonekwa.

Dangwe - Ulugbek Guliamov - akaberekwa muna 1933, musi 1 October. Akashanda sezvo mukuru Institute of Physics Nuclear, zvinoenderana nhengo Academy of Sciences uye yefizikisi kwenyukireya of USSR. Akafa muna 1990, musi waMarch 15.

Makore mashanu akazotevera, muna 1938, pakanga kasikana Olmos, akava wenhau.

Mirza Abdul Qadir Guliamov (uyewo mukoma, Nedzidzo yefizikisi renyukireya) akaberekwa muna 1945, musi 17 February. Aiva nhengo Academy of Sciences pakati Uzbekistan, mutungamiriri Institute of Physics kwezuva, uye ipapo, kubvira 2000 kusvika 2005, yokutanga rehurumende kudzivirira mushumiri Republic of Uzbekistan.

Gore 1947 aizivikanwa chitarisiko mumwe mwanakomana - Hondamir, uyo akazova wenhoroondo.

Muna 1950 iye akaberekwa ari mwanasikana muduku - Toshhon kuti Gafur ainzi pakuyeuka mai vake. Toshhon kunyadziswa nevabereki vake uye kuti varambe sezvaaienderana inozivikanwa mhuri. Akava zvipenyu uye wake doctorate dhigirii.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mwanasikana kumuchato wake wokutanga Kholida asati aroorwa uye akararama mumba mababa vake.

zvisikwa

Poetry uye prose matarenda munyori - ndiye pachake nhoroondo Uzbek vanhu. Vakaudza zvose akakoromorwa oupenyu uye mufaro. A inokosha basa kukura mabhuku Uzbekistan airidza Gafur Gulam mabasa kunyorwa yepashure pehondo. Kune vanhu vashoma vasara hanya zvaakasika, "Ini ndiri muJudha," "Kumirira iwe, mwanakomana wangu," uye "Iwe hausi nherera."

In yehondo detembo Gafur Gulam vakazadzwa manzwiro uye pfungwa vanhu vakatanga maoko. Uye mushure Second World War nhetembo ake azere manzwiro uye manzwiro mupfungwa nevaya pane imwe nguva waitsigira rugare Panyika. Saka post-hondo nhetembo - kuenderera muchiuto, uye kubatanidza vaviri nguva zvakaoma ngavauye 2 nhetembo: "Yeukai, iwe muchimirira Motherland" uye "Mutambo vakundi."

chinokudza

mabasa ake akatanga kuoneka rimwe Shanduro magazini "Maorif Ukituvchi Islands" muna 1923. Zvinonzi mubhuku rino, yakanga rwakaiswa Gafur Ghulam. Awards nokuti mabhuku mabasa, akagamuchira zvikuru gare gare. Muna 1946, mudetembi anova Kumukundi of Stalin Prize. Pashure mumwe 3 Order of Lenin, 2 - Red Banner of Labor (1939 1963.), "Badge Kukudzwa" uye Medals zhinji. Over rokupedzisira nhetembo akanyorwa muna 1970 akagamuchira Lenin Prize (paakanga afa).

Gafur Gulam, "Njodzi wezvinonhuhwira" (pfupiso)

mabasa akawanda kuyeriswa kuna vana. Kupfuura mukurumbira uye kubudirira kwakanga yokufungidzira "Njodzi wezvinonhuhwira" ( "shum bola", 1936-1962 gg.), Kupi gamba inotiudza kwokumiririra upenyu.

Mukomana akatiza kumba tete vake pashure mai vake kurangirwa kubviswa zvigadzirwa kubva imba. Asi kunyange pano, zvakanzi zvichiteverwa kukundikana: nemasanga akauraya babamunini vake, zvihuta, uye aifanira kusiya imba ino. Saka akatanga ake Hobo upenyu, pamusoro anoudza vaverengi vake.

Kutaura zvazviri, zvinobikwa "Njodzi wezvinonhuhwira" - ndiyo nyaya yemunyori uduku. Nyaya sei, nherera, akanga ari mangwanani kusvikira manheru achidzungaira huruva mumigwagwa Tashkent, kwete chete misasa panze uye nechido vakanonga chero mukana uwane zvimwe mari.

Asi mafaro ingano uye hariperi fungidziro vakaita misikanzwa mukomana akafanana kunozivikanwa Nasreddin - Uzbek ngano gamba. Zvinonzi akapendwa anodherera zvinosetsa. Mariri pane mashoko, zvirevo, kuenzanisa. The protagonist mupenyu kuburikidza fungidziro akatarisa nyika "kuburikidza nemhizha kuseka stoklyshki".

Munyori akanga pfungwa nemanzwiro zvokuparadzwa uye zvakaitika, kuratidza yomukati pfungwa. Zvose zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino: zviitiko, zvinhu, ndizvo runopoteredza gamba - raakasikira kuzarurwa achiipa manzwiro duku murume.

House-Museum

Rakavakwa muna 1983. Update exposures panguva nezvokuvapo chakaitika kaviri. Muna 1988 uye 1998 miziyamu zvakashandiswa kukasawedzerwa mutsva umboo kukurumbira uye kudiwa Nyanduri uye basa rake. Director of miziyamu - mwanasikana munyori Olmos Gafurovna.

Riri munzvimbo ine mbiri-storey neimba, apo kubvira 1944 kusvika 1946 aigara uye aishanda nyanduri Gafur Ghulam. In masvingo aro imba-miziyamu dzimba chirangaridzo uye mabhuku kwamagwaro.

Three dzimba zviri pasi rokutanga rakazvipira upenyu uye chikuru nguva okusika Nyanduri. 1st uye 2nd dzimba vanoudza vakakokwa pamusoro uduku uye kuyaruka pamusoro yakakurumbira countryman, achiva iye ave mudetembi uye, chokwadi, iri kukurumbira izvo awana nhetembo ari nguva Second World War. Tiri kutaura yakakurumbira nhetembo "Hausiwe nherera" uye yokufungidzira "Njodzi wezvinonhuhwira", mumitauro yakawanda.

Special mikoko vari yakaiswa pasi pasi, tiudze nezvebasa uye shanduro yake basa academician. Wokupedzisira kamuri iri kuratidzwa munyika pamutemo uye rudo. Vachikudza Gafur Gulam ainzi Metro chiteshi (Tashkent), miziyamu (Kokand), uyo nyanduri akaita yavaive imwe yoga chivakwa, mumwe kutandara paki (Tashkent) uye rimwe remasangano mabhuku mabhuku Uzbekistan. Rinewo zvinhu pamwe-gore 95 90- uye gore yaakaberekerwa, iyo nevakawanda vachipemberera yokumusha kwake.

The chirangaridzo kunzwisisa iri panhurikidzwa yechipiri. Office, kutandara mukamuri uye kamuri mupenyu vachiri kuchengeta zvimwe nyanduri wacho zvemumba. Muraibhurari unogona kuwana mabasa pamwe siginicha yangu ndichipa vanhu ake uye mabhuku Gafur Gulam akagamuchira sechipo kubva vamwe vanyori.

Museum Address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent guta, mumigwagwa Arpapaya, 1 (muganhu - Music Mukimi theatre pedyo Besh-Agach). Okutanga maawa - ose zuva kubva 10:00 kusvika 17:00. Day kure - Monday.

nhasi

Park "Gafoor Ghulam" muna Tashkent (mufananidzo pasi apa) - mumwe kupfuura munzvimbo muna Uzbekistan, yakakundwa muna 1967, paivakwa Chilanzar. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kufarira dzakasiyana yezororo kwete chete vanhu vemo, asi vashanyi uye vashanyi guru.

Muzhizha, girini, zvakachena uye zvakanaka akaramba paka ichichinja kununura wenyika kubva zuva kuti zvishoma fidgets.

Panguva iyoyo rudo mupaka "Gafur Gulyam" muna Tashkent? Vana - zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokwezva, kunonakidza uye mutambarakede mhepo; vanhu vakwegura - nokuti coolness achibva makungwa, uye mumvuri miti hafu yezana remakore; Vada vakaroorana uye vechiduku moms - nokuti rakanyarara makona pamwe voga.

Chii kunakidza ndiyo paki?

• A inochengeterwa mhuka duku uye Ferris vhiri.
• Modern zvinokwezva vana uye vakuru vari inokwanisika mitengo.
• Summer Datenroku uye nyanza guru, apo muzhizha unogona kutora motokari pamusoro zvikepe catamarans.

Council nokuti vashanyi uye vaenzi: kutandara Park anonzi "Gafur Gulam" zvakanakisisa kunoshanyira vhiki apo veko vari kubasa. Pakupera kwevhiki Pakushanyira zvinokwezva vane kumira pasi zuva iri guru pamwe nekurutsa.

Park Address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, st. m. "Ulugbek", Chilonzor Avenue Bunyodkor, 21.

Achiratidza

Kuwedzera ake mabhuku basa, Gulam Gafur kuita shanduro kupinda mabasa Uzbek Lermontov vake, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboyedov uye Beaumarchais.

Chokwadi, Gafur Gulam - chakajeka unhu Uzbek mabhuku, akasiya zvirambe uye maka mweya wose munhu anenge yokuverenga mumwe nhetembo yake kana nyaya.