Nzira dzekuverenga GDP

Pasinei nokuti iyo yeGDP index inoratidzika kune vanhu vari kure nehupfumi, chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisi, chokwadi, kuverenga kweGDP haisi nyore. Zvechokwadi, hatigoni kutaura kuti chiratidzo ichi hachina maturo, nokuti hazvifungi nezvehumwe humwe hutsika huripo hwehupfumi hwehupfumi, hwakadai sokunyanya kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, sayenzi yakasimba, nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, GDP, kuva chiratidzo chinorongwa maererano nemitemo yakasimba yemasvomhu, inogona kuverengwa zvakajeka, pasinei nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwenyika. Kuenzaniswa kwekuvandudzwa kwemari dzakasiyana-siyana kunogonawo kuitwa zvakajeka. Zvinokwana chete kuenzanisa GDP per capita mumadhora. Uyezve, nzira dzose dzekuverenga GDP dzinobereka chiitiko chimwe chete, icho chinonyatsonaka chekushandisa chirevo ichi mukuverenga kuverenga.

Pasi rose, nhasi kune nzira nhatu dzokugadzirisa GDP. Nzira yekutanga, yekare, inowedzera kuwedzera kwehutsika huwedzerwa hwakasikwa muhupfumi kweimwe nguva. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kuverenga kweGDP hazvifungi nezvekudhura kwezvinhu zvakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira. Kana zvisina kudaro tinogona kufunga nezvemari yavo kakawanda - kwenguva yekutanga sechinhu chakapedzwa, kwechipiri nguva sechikamu chinokosha chekukosha kwekambani yemiti. Nokudaro, GDP inogona kuverengerwa nekuwedzera hupfumi hwehupfumi hwebasa rimwe nerimwe rezvemari. Iko ndiko kuti, kuverenga kunongororesa chete kukosha kwekambani yacho, kwete mari yose yezvibereko.

Kana nzira iyi ichiita seinovhiringidza iwe, saka zvichida iwe unofanira kubhadhara kune dzimwe nzira dzekuverenga GDP. Izvo zvinonzi zvinoshandiswa nzira ndiyo nhasi inowanzoshandiswa nenyanzvi mumunda we macroeconomics. Maererano nenzira iyi, GDP yose yenyika yacho yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvina zvakakosha: mhuri dzemari, i.e. Vanowanzoshandisa, kushandiswa kwekambani, kushandiswa kwemari, kushandiswa kwevanhu uye ukama hwehupfumi hwenyika uye kune dzimwe nyika.

Chaizvoizvo, chirongwa chakanaka chinowanikwa. Zvose zvisingashandwi nemhuri zvinoshandiswa nemabhizimisi, maererano nemutemo we macroeconomic wakawanikwa na Keynes. Isu tinowedzera pano imwe nyika iyo inounganidza mitero kune bhajeti uye nekuda kweiyo account inotora zvigaro zvematongerwo enyika, zvichigadzira kudiwa kwakawedzerwa. Muhupfumi hwakasununguka, kuwedzera kwekudiwa kunowanikwawo kune dzimwe nyika, kana kutengeswa kunopfuura kudarika kutengeswa, mune zvimwe zvakasiyana, kudiwa, uye naizvozvo GDP, pane zvinopesana, inoderera. Nemhaka yezvinyorwa zvaro zvakajeka uye zvakajeka, kuenzanisa uku hakushandisi chete kuverenga GDP, asiwo mune dzimwe dzidzo dzakaoma.

Pakupedzisira, nzira dzekuverenga GDP dzinovhara nzira yekuwana mari. Munzira iyi isingawanzoshandiswa yakashandiswa pane manyorero akafanana nemari yekushandisa. GDP yose inoparadzaniswa pakati pezvematongerwe enyika ayo anopa zvikwereti zvekugadzira, asi munyaya iyi ivo vanofungidzirwa kwete mari yavo asi mari yavo. Sezvo mari inoshandiswa yakaenzana nemari, mari yacho ichave yakafanana. Nokudaro, munyaya iyi zvakakosha kuwedzera mibairo (mari yevanhu), zvikwereti (mapato emakambani), kufarira (mari yekupa mari), uye kubhadhara (mari yekupa nyika).

Sezvaunogona kuona, nzira dzekuverenga GDP nemagariro avo hazvirevi chinhu chakaoma. GDP ndeye yose iyo hupfumi hukakonzerwa nehutano hwekubatana kwevadzidzi vose vezvematongerwe enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, GDP haina kusanganisira mari yekutengesa kwemari inofungidzira, sezvo isina kuwedzera chaiyo yekugadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, GDP haina kusanganisira mabasa ekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvechipiri nemupiro wezvinhu zvinooneka. Zvose izvi zvinongova zviratidzo zvekugoverwa kwezvinobatsira zvakanyorwa kare. GDP inofanirwa kuratidzira kufambiswa kwechokwadi kwehupfumi hwenyika uye nhasi ndiyo yakakodzera iyi chiratidzo, zvisinei kure nekukwana.