Nzvimbo yeSamara. Zhigulevsky nature reserve

Nharaunda dzeSamara munharaunda dzinozivikanwa kune nzvimbo dzakaisvonaka dzakanaka, apo vatasvi vanouya kuzoyemura zvisikwa gore negore. Asi, kunze kweizvi, imwe yekare uye yakanaka yezvakachengetedzwa zvekuRussia iri pano. Vafambi vanoshanyira nzvimbo idzi kuitira kuti vadzungirire mumasango ari kumhenderekedzo yeValga.

Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeSamara

Samara Ruka inharaunda yakaumbwa nekuda kwekunyoresa kwakadzama kweVolga. Kubvira muna 1984, zviremera zvakasarudza kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzepanyika, sezvo dzinomiririra maonero ezvakanaka uye zvekusika. Mitsara yekunze yepaki iyi inorondedzerwa nehombodo yerwizi. Icho chete kumativi ekumusoro kwecho chinosangana neZhigulevsky State Reserve. Ndiyo yakwegura mumutambo weRussia yakachengetedzwa nzvimbo uye inonyanya kufarira. Asi, kunze kwake, munharaunda yeSamara kunewo nzvimbo inodzivirirwa uye ine simba rinokosha. Ndiyo National Park "Buzuluksky Bor".

Zhigulevsky nature reserve

Nharaunda iyi yekuchengetedza inogona kuonekwa seyakasiyana, sezvo pasina imwe nzvimbo munyika ino tinogona kusangana nekubatana kwakadaro kwenzvimbo. Makomo akareba, anosanganisira matombo akare-kare, akakomberedzwa nemakumbo eVolga. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yokutanga yeSamara, iyo yakawana nzvimbo yayo muna 1927. Panguva ino, chibvumirano chakaiswa mukukohwa majiroji uye mushroom, kuitira kuti zvirimwa zvishoma zvive zvakachengetedzwa. Uyewo, kuvhima kwakarambidzwa pano. Mukuwedzera, sezvo chinangwa chekuchengetedzwa kwaiva kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana, kufamba kupi zvako kwakarambidzwa. Asi munguva pfupi yapfuura vatungamiri vakabvumira kuzarura kwemigwagwa miviri yekufambira. Wokutanga wavo anotopfuura kubva. Ash kuburikidza negomo reStrelnuyu. Zviri nani kukurira nzira iyi nemugwagwa, kuitira kuti usaparara. Iwe unogona kuuya pano panguva ipi zvayo yegore. Mamwe mapoka anowanikwa mumusha weZolnoye. Nzira yechipiri inotanga mumusha. Shiryaevo, uye akadana "Chisi Cheki". Nzira yacho yakaoma, saka vakawanda vanoda kufamba netsoka, nokuti pasina motokari yepamusoro-soro haigoni kupfuura.

Iye zvino nzvimbo yeZhigulevsky yenzvimbo yeSamara ine ndima 23 157 hectares. Panzvimbo yechitsuwa che 542 hekta, uye nzvimbo yakasara inowira kumaodzanyemba. Vatsvakurudzi venzvimbo iyi havana kubvumirana pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasikwa. Vamwe vanotenda kuti murutivi rwokumusoro rweSamara Ruka Reserve masango akavhenganiswa, uye kumaodzanyemba chikamu chiri musango. Asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti nharaunda yose yezvakachengetwa paSamarskaya Luka isango rekusimudzira masango.

Mamiriro ekunze ezvakachengetedzwa

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti nzvimbo yeSamara inoratidzirwa nemamiriro ekunze. Muzhizha, kutonhora kunowanikwa pano, uye nguva dzechando dzinofara kwazvo. Mamiriro okunze akadaro anoumbwa nekuda kwesimba reAtlantic Ocean, pamwe neAsia continent, iyo inopisa mukati mezhizha, uye munguva yechando, pane zvinopesana, inotyisa. Nemhaka yezvinhu izvi zviviri, meteorological mamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo yakachengetwa haina kugadzikana uye zvichienderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro okunze. Semuenzaniso, mazaya anokwanisa kushandura pamwe nemamiriro ekunze, uye kupisa kwakadzika kunogona kuchinja kusingatarisiri kusvika kwenguva refu.

Flora ye reserve

Nzvimbo dziri munzvimbo idzi dzinonakidza chaizvo, sezvo inenge 94% yenzvimbo yacho yose yakafukidzwa nemasango. Ikoko miti inonyanya kuwanda pano ine maduku maduku anonzi lindens uye aspen miti (iyi iri munharaunda). Asi kunewo mabharch, pine uye masango oak uye mamwe akawanda. Kana iri yemiti, yakasiyana zvikuru pano. Muna 1984, zvidzidzo zvakaitwa pano izvo zvakaratidza marudzi 832 uye 370 genera yemiti. Zvakaitika zvakare zvinowanikwa zvakanyorwa kuti mhando 58 dzisina kuwanikwa. Iye zvino 105 mhando dzeCompositae uye 67 marudzi ezviyo zvinokura pano. Rosemary, legumes uye crucifers zvinowanzoonekwa pano.

Asi zvakadaro kukosha kukuru kunomiririrwa nemiti yakanyorwa, pamwe chete nemiti iyo yakatanga kuwanikwa uye inotsanangurwa munharaunda ino. Saka, nzvimbo yeSamara inowanikwa inosanganisira mazana zana emarudzi, ayo anonyanya kukosha kubva pane zvesayenzi zvemaonero. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pano kwekutanga nguva yekutora Zhigulevsky, Kudzidza mapapiro grass uye Volga fescue zvakatsanangurwa.

Fauna

Asi mhuka ipi yaunogona kusangana nayo, kana iwe ukashanyira nzvimbo ino nefurati? Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kusiyana kwezvisikwa zvepanyika zvishoma. Muna 1984, 213 marudzi akanyorwa akanogara pano kana nguva dzose anoshanyira nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Kubva vamiririri ava, 112 vashoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhuka dzinokamhina (25 dzakawanda uye 15 dzinowanikwa zvisingawaniki), shiri (70 dzakawanda uye 88 dzinowanika), amphibians (3 ne5), zvinokambaira (3 ne4). Izvo zvakanyanya pano ndezvipembenene, izvo zviri munharaunda yezviuru zvezviuru. Ivo, kusiyana nematombo, vakave vachidzidza zvishoma. Mukuwedzera, mumvura yeko kunogona kuverenga anenge makumi mana emarudzi ehove. Asi nzvimbo yemvura, iyo inodzivirirwa uye ndeye nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa, iduku.

Zvipfuwo zvekuchengetedzwa

Zvimwe kufarira zvikara zveZhigulevsky Reserve. Pano unogona kusangana nevasulates. Iyi ndiyo mhuka, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yavo iri duku, uye mhombwe. Aya ekupedzisira anowanikwa pano zvakanyanya kwazvo, kana tikaenzanisa nekukura kwechengetedzwa. Vanotsvaga kukuvara kwezvokudya zvinokonzera michero, saka vatungamiri vakasarudza kutonga nhamba yavo. Pakati pezvikara, chikuru pane mhumhi uye nhamba duku ye lynxes. Zviduku zvinosanganisira miti yemarart, badgers, makava. Uyewo mune zvakachengetwa pane nhamba shoma yeeasels, minda yemasango uye imbwa raccoon.

Uyewo Zhigulevsky Reserve yeSamara nzvimbo yakava musha wevamwe mapurisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapurotini anoedza kugara pedyo nemisha, uye hare-hare. Uye dzimwe nguva unokwanisa kusangana nevatasvi vemabhiza. Asi usashamiswa kuti kune mhuka shomanana pano, sezvo chinangwa chikuru chekusika iyo kuchengetedzwa kwaiva kuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvisikwa zvisingaenzaniswi neEurope. Asi chii chinowanikwa munzvimbo yeSamara, umo maitiro emiti zvakare ari kuverengwa ?

Zvikamu zveBuroukk boron

Kutanga zvakakodzera kuziva kuti nzvimbo iyi ipaki yenyika. Ichi chiwi chechitsuwa chine miti yakakura yepine iri pamucheto wezvikwata zveOrenburg neSamara. Yakasimbiswa muna 2007, kunyange zvazvo inofungidzirwa kuti pine musango wayo wakaumbwa anenge makore matatu uye kunyange zviuru zvina zvemakore akapfuura. Panguva iyoyo musango maiva nemakungwa mazhinji. Asi nekufamba kwemazuva, moto wakawanda, kuparadza kunopera, makore akaoma zvakatungamirira kukuti muviri mukuru wezvivako wakaoma, uye mamiriro ezvinhu epo akachinja.

Nhasi, iyo Buzuluk Boron isango guru dema rakaumbwa sekatatu. Nzvimbo ye "fuma" ino inosvika mahekita 111 000. Zvinopfuura 60 000 ha maruva. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kudzika kwavo kunenge mamiriyoni 90. Rwizi rweBorovka runofamba pakati pemassif.

Mamiriro nemaruva epaki

Panharaunda yedondo, miriwo, maruva uye maturakiti emapazi anosangana nenzira isingawanzoiti. Pakati penzira yerwizi uye pedyo nechepasi rose repaki kune masango akaoma. Uyewo musango unogona kusangana nemamwe mativi eBirch uye aspen. Asi nharaunda huru (inopfuura 2/3) inobatwa nemasango emapine. Mumusango unogona kuona kusiyana kwakasiyana kwezvirimwa. Iko kune ferns iri kukura pedyo ne steppe feather uswa, gavakava uye mabhendi emasango. Asi pedo nemiti iyi, unogona kuwana mitsetse, iyo inowanzowanika mumutumbi, somuenzaniso, mumasine emvura.

Uyewo mu coniferous mazhenje kune mabriji akadai samaswisi, strawberries, macheri, mapfupa, gomo remhuru, steppe cherry nevamwe vakawanda.

Mhuka yemhuka ye boron

Kunyange zvazvo vagari vemo vari zvishoma kuduku pane muZhigulevsky Reserve, kune vagari vagara vagari vemhuka munyika iyi. Somuenzaniso, kumashure muna 1935, roe mbongoro yakaratidzwa pano, iyo yakanga yanyangarika kare munzvimbo idzi. Mukuwedzera kwavari, maronda akaonekwa, mhashu, uye mhuka dzomusango zvakanyorwa musango. Iwe unogona kusangana nevheji, squirrels, vatsvene, martens, weasels, maermines, makava nevamwe vamwe vagari.

Panguva ino, vagari vemarudzi anotevera vanyoreswa musango reBuzuluk:

• 57 mhando dzemhuka dzakamera;
• 24 marudzi ehove;
• 9 marudzi ezvinokambaira;
• 7 marudzi emamphibians.

Uyewo pane kune zviuru zvinopfuura 1000 zvezvipembenene. Mukuwedzera, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pane zvinomwe zvinokambaira zvezvikwata zvinopesana nekunze kwavo uye mararamiro avo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune shiri. Kune marudzi makumi matatu nemashanu akagara pano. Uyewo munguva yechando, vashanyi vanosvika, vakwezva nehuwandu hwembeu nemabriji. Saka pano pedza nguva yechando inenge mbeu gumi dzekuchamhembe kune shiri. Kune dzakawanda mavhesi madema, mahedheni uye grouse, eagles, nzvimbo dzekuviga.

Unhu hwakadaro husingawanzoti hunokwezva vanochera mishonga, vakukoti vewa mushroom uye vatori vemuchero. Vatashanyi vazhinji vanouya pano vanogara mumisha, misasa, misasa uye mahotera. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana- siyana dzepasi (nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza) dzeSamara munharaunda gore negore dzinokurudzira vanoda zvemaitiro akajeka kune nzvimbo dzavo. Inzvimbo yehutungamiri iri kuedza kuumba mamiriro ese ezvinhu kuti vafambi ivavo vave vanofadza uye vanofadza kuve vakakombwa nemasango aya akanaka.