Monke: mhuka, zvikamu. Ndeapi madhimoni aripo?

Ndeapi mhando dzeeshe dzinorarama pasi redu, dzinodyei, chii chinoita hupenyu hwavo? Tinoverenga pamusoro peizvi zvose nemufaro uye tarisa zvirongwa zveTV. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti takaburuka kubva kune imwe baba vedu. Hatina kufanana kwakawanda kwete mukuratidzika uye sarudzo yemasaga, asiwo mune mufambiro.

Ndeapi madhimoni aripo?

Nyanzvi dzeZoologist dzinoona mapoka maviri emakungwa, uye mhuka idzi dzinorongerwa maererano navo. Dzinopatsanurwa kuva Primates yeNew and Old World. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira mbongoro dzinogara muCentral neSouth America, uye kune yechipiri - muAsia neAfrica. Uye boka rimwe nerimwe rine zvaro zvakasiyana. Mhuka dzeNyika Itsva dzine muswe wekuti dzinogona kubatisisa kumatavi kana ichifamba nemiti, uye mhuno yakakura. Nhengo dzeAfrica neAsia dzinowanzoshaya miswe, asi kunyange kana dziri, mhuka hadzisi kushandisa sechimwe chikamu chechishanu, mhino dzavo dzakanyanyisa. Aya mapoka maviri anosanganisira zvinopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu emhando yemonke.

Zvivi zveSouth neCentral America

Munharaunda iyi, mbongoro dzinotevera dzinorarama: mbongoro, tamarini, capuchins, mbongoro squirrel (56 marudzi), owl uye usiku mbongoro, titi, sakis uye Uakaris (41 marudzi), vanochema, spider uye mvere dzemvere.

African and Asian primates

Pamakondinendi aya kune nhamba huru yemhuka - dzinopfuura 135 marudzi. Kana iwe ukanyora mhando dzose dzeeshe, urongwa huchava hwakanaka. Izvo zvikabatanidzwa zvikaita zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana: mhombwe, dzakatetepa-dzinowanikwa, mairabhu, mandrill, macaques. Icho chimwe chikamu chinobatanidza mhando dzakadai dzemapesera makuru: gorilla, chimpanzi, orangutan, bonobo (chikati chimpanzi) uye gibhoni.

Tamarini

Iyi mbongoro ndeyemhuri yemutambo. Vanogara munzvimbo dzakadziya dzeSouth America: Brazil, Costa Rica, mabhasi eAmazon. Tamarin iri nyore kwazvo kusiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe mbongoro pakuonekwa: chimiro chikuru chinowanikwa mazamu, kunyange kunewo vamiriri vebeardless vemarudzi aya. Vamwe vane mane mane yakarurama. Uye nekuda kwechimiro chavo chisina kujairika, mhuka idzi dzinogara dzichivhima - vaparidzi vanotora tamarine kutengeswa pamusika. Ndicho chikonzero nei mhuka idzi dziri kutyisidzirwa kuparadzwa.

Pakureba, muviri weti tamarin unosvika kubva pamasere gumi nemasere kusvikira makumi matatu nemashanu masendimita, nemuswe - kubva pamakumi maviri nematatu kusvika makumi mana nemana masendimita, vanoyera kusvika kikilogiramu. Kana tikanyora mhando yemadhongi maduku, ipapo masamarita anotungamira urongwa urwu. Nzvimbo yavo yepamusoro inzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeBrazil. Munzvimbo idzi, mbongoro dzinonzwa dzakanyanya: mamiriro okunze anonyorova, zvokudya zvizhinji. Tamarines vanogara mumapoka maduku evanhu 5-10, saka zviri nyore kuti vawane zvokudya uye vanozvidzivirira kubva kune zvikara. Pausiku, vanovata mumiti yakareba, uye nekutangira kwemangwanani vanotanga kutungamirira mararamiro anoshanda: vanotarisa zvokudya, kutarisirana.

Tamarini ndeye omnivorous - vanofarira kudya madzzi, mashondi, zvipembenene, mazai e shiri, uye michero yezvirimwa - mashizha emiti, michero, makungu uye nekita. Zvokudya zvakatorwa zvakaenzana zvakaenzana pakati pemiti yese yepakiti. Kana mutorwa akatorwa munharaunda yavo, ivo vose vanomudzinga, vachiita kuti grimaces inotyisa. Vechidiki vanochengetwa neboka rose. Vacheche kusvika kumakore emwedzi vanogara vachifamba mushure mebaba. Madhongi nguva dzose vachitaurirana, nokudaro vachirudzirana pamusoro pezvokudya zvakawanikwa nekusvika kwemuvengi.

Monke

Izvi zvipfeko ndeyomhuri yemakwikwi. Aya madiki maduku uye anoshamisa. Mhando yemeshe: chaiye uye yeguru, hussar, talapone nevamwe (chikamu 23). Chimiro chemuviri kazhinji kachidiki (kufanana nekati), jasi rakasvibira uye rakanyorova. Mucherechedzo wemabhuru aya akasiyana kwazvo: maorivhi, grey-gorosi, guru rakareba, ronda, rvuku, bhuruu, rima. Muzzles zvishoma nezvishoma, vamwe vamiririri vemarudzi aya vane maswende, ndevu uye ndebvu. Muswe unowanzo kaviri kana yakareba muviri. Sciatic corns zviduku zvishoma.

Izvi zvinowanzogara mumasango. Mbongoro dzinodya zvose zvirimwa zvinomera uye zvokudya zvezvipfuwo. Zvokudya zvinosanganisira matavi mashoma emiti nemashizha, michero, uswa hunoshuva, zvipembenene uye madiki mashoma. Kubva kuvavengi, mbongoro dzinotiza. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti inonyanya kuipa kwavari ndeyevanhu vanovabata kuti vatengese. Mbongoro dzakanyatsonaka, asi pane izvi zvakakosha kutora cubs. Iyo mbongoro yakakura, iri mukutapwa, zvinenge zvisingatauri kudzidziswa.

Capuchins

Mune jenasi iyi yemeshe, zvinopfuura makumi matatu subspecies dzakabatana. Mhando dzemhando idzi dzinoumba mapoka mana. Idzi idzi dzinogara muBrazil neHonduras. Kazhinji yenguva yavanopedza pamisoro yemiti yakareba. Mumuviri urefu wemhuka unosvika masentimita makumi mashanu. Musoro wakakomberedza, uye unozivikanwa cheekbones. Ruvara rwemuzimbe kazhinji runotapira kana ruvara. Pamusoro wepamusoro pane denga rakasvibirira, rakafanana nehovha yeKapuchin vatongi (zvirokwazvo, nekuda kweizvi, mhuka yakatumidzwa zita racho).

Mababa anogara mumapoka evanhu 10 kusvika ku30. Vose pamwe chete vanobereka zvokudya, vanozvidzivirira kubva kune vavengi uye vanotarisira vana. Makurupu ndiwo omnivorous: anodya zvose zvirimwa nemhuka. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti nyanzvi idzi dzakachenjera zvikuru. Vanokwanisa kuparadzanisa nutswe nebwe, kurova michero kunopisa mapazi emiti. Kubata muti womuti, unobvisa mucus, uchipukuta muti. Vaya Capuchins vaduku vanopedza mwedzi mitatu pamisana yaamai vavo, vachichera pamapfupa avo kuti vadye mukaka. Kubvira pamwedzi mitanhatu vanotanga kutungamirira nzira yakazvimiririra yehupenyu, vadya kudya kwevanhu vakuru, asi havaendi kure naamai vavo.

Howler

Vanyori vanonyanya kushandiswa mumakungwa muNew World. Izvo zviyero zvejuku. Iyi mbongoro dzine muswe wakareba uye wakasimba, wavanoshandisa nguva dzose kana uchifamba nemiti.

Muviri wemuviri wemukati unofukidzwa nehombe, asi pfupi. Iyo yakareba jasi inongova pamusoro pemusoro wegunwe. Mushaya unofamba mberi, chimwe chinhu chakafanana neimbwa. Mutsipa mupfupi kwazvo, saka zvinoratidzika kuti hausi zvachose. Zvizhinji zvehupenyu izvi zviya zvinotapedza pamiti. Mumasikati vanopinda pasi pemisoro, iyo vari kutsvaga zvokudya, uye usiku huno vanoenda pasi, vanogara usiku huri mumatavi mashoma emiti. Vanyori vanotya zvikuru mvura, nokuti vanonyatsokwanisa kushambira.

Membongoro dzinodyara pamiti yemiti, mashizha, zvinomera zvakanaka uye michero. Vaimbi vanoungana mumapoka ezvipfuwo, nhamba ipi kubva kuvashanu kusvika kune makumi mana. Mukadzi, sekutonga, ane mwana mumwechete, uyo anopa kudya kusvika mwedzi gumi nemana. Kurinda mwana kunobatsirwa nemhuka mhuru uye vakadzi vasina vana.

Baboons

Zita rechipiri ndechebhononi. Murefu, muviri unosvika masendimita makumi manomwe nemashanu, uye urefu hwemuswe kune anenge masendimita makumi matanhatu. Mucheka wemucheka mutsvuku - saka zita rekutanga. Inogarwa nemakwenzi muEastern neCentral Africa (mumakomo uye munzvimbo dzemaodzanyemba). Vanodya, kufanana nevana vakawanda, mbeu yemhuka nemhuka. Kudya kwemakwenzi kunosanganisira mabhuru, uswa hwakasvibirira, michero, marimu, zvipembenene, lizards, mazai e shiri, nezvimwewo.

Baboons haagari ari oga. Iboka rinosanganisira kusvika makumi masere vanhu. Kune hurumende yakajeka muchikoro, varume vakawanda vakwegura vanotonga. Kana pane njodzi, vanouya kune rubatsiro rweumwe neumwe. Ukama hwepedyo hwakasimbiswa pakati pevarume nevana. Vasikana vaduku vanoramba vari mubhokisi, asi varume vaduku vanomanikidzwa kuenda. Zvinonakidza kuti kazhinji boka revanhu vasingatendi rinosangana neboka remakwenzi matsvuku. Ichokwadi chokuti mhondi ine meso akaoma, saka inogona kunyevera munguva inenge yengozi.

Mandrills

Iyi ndiyo mhando yakakura yemhuka, asi isiri muboka remapesiti makuru. Vanogara munharaunda yeWest Africa. Vanhurume vanoita zvepabonde vane ruvara rwakanaka uye rwakanaka. Vane ndebvu tsvuku, mhino yepepuru yakajeka, uye pamumvuri pane zvidimbu zvebhuruu. Vakadzi nevarume vaduku havana ruvara rwakadaro. Kurema kwevarume dzimwe nguva kunosvika makumi mashanu nemana kilogiramu. Vakadzi vaduku zvikuru.

Kudya kwemakungwa kunosanganisira zvose zvirimwa nemhuka. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa kudya zvinopfuura zana nemakumi gumi nemasere emarudzi emiti.

Idzi idzi dzinogara mumhuri dzinosanganisira imwe yevarume uye gumi kusvika gumi nevashanu vakadzi. Mhuri imwe neimwe inopiwa nharaunda yemakumi mashanu emamita mita, iyo yavanoratidza nevanhu inonhuhwirira. Kuberekwa kwemadzimai kunotora mazuva mazana maviri nemakumi maviri. Vacheche vanoberekwa kubva munaEpril kusvika kuDecember, panguva ino zvokudya zvizhinji, saka vakadzi vane nguva yekuvadyisa. Kuwirirana pakati peamai nechecheche kwenguva refu. Kusvikira makore matatu mwana anouya kuzorara naamai vake.

Gorillas

Gorilla ndiyo inotakura mahesera anthropoid. Aya mababa anogara mumasango ane mhepo eEricatorial Africa. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, musha wemeshe idzi dzakanga dzakaoma kuwana. Asi vagari vemunharaunda vaigara vachiziva nezvenharaunda yemhuka idzi uye vakaedza kusasangana navo, vachitenda kuti vane hasha dzinotyisa.

Kukura kwemakorila kunosvika anenge mamita maviri, uye kuyerwa - kubva zana zana nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri. Mutumbi une chimiro chekona. Mucheka wemvere dzemakwai uye chikopa ndemavara. Nezera, vanhurume vanokura misoro pamasana avo. Kungofanana nevana vose, gorilla inotungamirira hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Vanofudza pane idzi mbongoro chete nemiti yekudyara. Vanosarudza mashizha uye mashizha, asi michero yezvibereko zvechikamu chiduku chekudya.

Makorila acho akanyarara, kunyange phlegmatic, pasinei nekuonekwa kunotyisa. Mukadzi akaroorana chete nemutungamiriri weboka, mimba inoguma kwemwedzi masere nehafu. Mwana wacho anotanga kutasva mushure mamai vake, ndokubva afamba, achibatisisa huno hwake. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa makore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu, asi vamwe vanhu vanorarama kwehafu yezana remakore.

Izvo zvinotyisa zvemonke

Munhu ane hanya zvikuru anoreva zvakapoteredza. Mhuka dzakawanda dzaiva pedyo nekuparara, kusanganisira mbongoro. Mhando dzezvimwe zvacho dzinosanganisira nhamba shomanana yevanhu iyo masayendisiti pasi pose ari kurira alamu. Nokudaro, Sosaiti yekudzivirirwa Kwemhuka yakatungamirirwa nekutinhira - iyo primates, iyo yakanyorwa muBhuku Rvuku. Vagari vemhuka idzi havasi vanhu vanopfuura zviuru gumi. Monke mbongoro (mhando dzisina basa) dzinoparadzwa nemunhu ane njodzi yakaipa. Uye kana izvi zvichienderera mberi, nyika inogona kurasikirwa nemhuka idzi dzinoshamisa.

Zvipfuwo

Parizvino, mimba yakagadzirwa nemunhu haisi isiri zvachose. Zvizhinji zvekutengesa zvipfuwo zvinotengesa zvikara zvekare. Asi inofanira kutarirwa mupfungwa kuti haisi mhuka dzose dzakasikwa dzakanyatsogadzirwa mumusha. Heano mamwe mhando dzemhuka dzomumba dzinoshandiswa zvakanaka kutapwa: tamarini, mbongoro, gibbons, kubhejera, capuchins. Izvi zvikwereti hazvina hanya mumashoko avo, asi zvakakosha kuti titeerere kune mamwe mitemo. Saka, ivo vanofanira kuva necheji refu, chikafu chakakodzera. Usati warova mhuka nekudanidzira pairi, kana zvisina kudaro ichaswedera mukati mayo pachaga, iite zvechisimba uye inokuvadza. Mumatambudziko, mbongoro dzinofa nokukurumidza.