Ontogenetic variability. Zvikonzero uye kukosha

How kupona zvimwe kurukutika kwemarudzi mumamiriro ezvinhu kwakakura zvezvakatipoteredza? Kurarama kwavo majini avo revatema mashandiro kuchinja, kureva kuchinja ehupfumi dzavo pasi Zvakaitwa zvakasikwa, zvakadai tembiricha, mhepo, zuva.

The majini chirongwa anosarudza paumbwe imwe shavishavi kubva chrysalis uye mukuru hove kubva kukura mazai duku. Panguva ino kukura refu zvose endogenous uye exogenous zvinhu huchachinja phenotype wacho.

Uyu Makuriro kushanduka. Mienzaniso nayo hazviperi zvakasikwa. Zvinofadza kunzwisisa sei akaronga kwadzakabva.

Variability mu zvipenyu. variability mhando

Pamutemo sainzi, pane chinhu chakadai imwe nzira. It anosarudza sei vamwe vakura Muviri chii zviratidzo Muchawana mukufamba kwaro kukura. Variability vakawanda - ndiko kugona oraganizma kuwana ehupfumi itsva.

Kusiyanisa pakati kuvabereki uye vasiri magene variability. Nongenetic vasakanganise Gene mamiriro. Changes kuitika chete mukati kwomuzvarirwo. Kureva phenotype dzinosiyana sezviri anobvumira genotype. Non-Genetic variability ndiyo nadzurudzo uye zvokukura. A siyana vekupedzisira Anonziwo epigenetic variability.

ontogenetic variability

Individual muviri Anoumba maitikiro. Mumazana Danho rimwe nerimwe kukanganiswa siyana kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvake zvakavapoteredza. Pashure pezvose, nowezvipenyu kuti ichishanduka ari oga asingagoni. Uye somugumisiro matambudziko akasiyana-siyana zvinoita muviri anowana unhu hutsva.

Ontogenetic variability riri mharadzano yokugara variability uye non-magene. Zvakasiyana zviri Anonziwo epigenetic variability. Sei zvakadaro? mhando iyi kushanduka akasiyana nevamwe pakuti zviratidzo itsva sevanhu uye somugumisiro vakaberekwa kuvabereki purogiramu, uye panguva imwe chete nokuda exogenous zvinhu. Vasina mapurogiramu akadai, zvisikwa angadai vakatongerwa vakawanda zvipenyu kuti kutsakatika.

Pfungwa ontogeny

Chii ontogeny? Pfungwa iyi - mumwe inokosha kosi ari zvipenyu. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvinotaurwa ontogenetic variability, unofanira kuziva nedanho ontogenesis. Kutaura zvazviri, masayendisiti oga maonero variability nokuda kwacho.

Ontogenesis - a Process kukura kubva pamuviri akabereka. Zviri nyore kuti kuronda izvi nomuenzaniso bhatafurayi. Pakutanga akaberekwa nomupedzachose (Fig. 1) kuumbwa kwazviri mudhori (Fig. 2, 3), riri kutenderera upenyu. Uye kubva pupa The mukuru nhunzi - bhatafurayi. Ontogenez wo chairwo uye zvirimwa.

Zvose zvinoitika zygote (nourume ovum) kupedza paumbwe mhuka kana munhu, chinogona kudzidzwa uye vakaongorora.

Mienzaniso sezvingatarisirwa kuitika

Zvinokonzera Makuriro variability, inobva kumusoro - ndiye ezvinhu nezvakatipoteredza uye zvechadenga genotype. Genotype - the inonyatsoita kuti anodzora kuchinja zvose.

How waidzora variability of genotype? Genotype vanhu reguliret basa vamwe majini kuti "batidza" mumwe nguva kukura. Nhaka zvikuru muviri hachisi pachayo chiratidzo, uye mhando pavakanzwa matambudziko dzimwe nzvimbo. Ndiwo murayiro zvakasikwa, izvo anovanza kiyi kunzwisisa izvi sechinhu Makuriro kushanduka. Mienzaniso Mumwewo anobvuma kudaro kuwana munyika dzakasiyana uye makondinendi. variability kwakadaro maitire mhuka uye tumbuyu, uye muriwo umambo.

Track anoshandura ruvara uye Maumbirwe ganda Andean buruuru mupenyu kuEcuador. Kushandurwa Its panguva ontogenesis - the chaiwo "payakavakirwa" ontogenetic variability zvakasikwa.

Little Toad haana anorovera pamwe pamuviri uye vakuru, sezvatinoona, kumativi kuvaka-up. Toad ganda Kuchinja ruvara kuti coppery mashava; uye Ruvara Iris yakajeka dzvuku anova coppery orenji.

variability ukoshi

Ontogenetic variability chaiko mhuka - kunyanya kwadzakabva nerimwe oga. The onaa nani, zvikuru zhiznesposbnosti mhando iri zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Chimwe zvinoreva variability - zvakasiyana siyana phenotypes. Mumwe nomumwe ane, anoonga variability yavo nomumwe zvatariswa.

Nokuvandudza kwadzakabva iri Virtual zvose mhando. Kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, kuchinja aya anononoka chaizvo.