Petersburg Academy of Arts: kare, havaoni, zvidzidzo

The kushongedzwa mumwe St. Petersburg embankments ndiyo imba, iyo kurindwa nevakuru vaviri zororo sphinx, akauya kamwe kubva kure kuIjipiti. Mariri anoiswa Petersburg Academy of Arts, rinonzi nhasi ne Institute of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture. Zvinonzi kuonekwa paucheche wokuRussia unyanzvi, ane mukurumbira wakanaka zvikuru pasi pose.

Kuberekwa Academy

Academy of Arts Akanaka muSt Petersburg rakavakwa kufarira of Empress Elizabeth, munhu akakurumbira Russian yokutungamirira uye vaichengetedza pamusoro XVIII remakore Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (1727-1797). Photo unoratidza bust ake anoratidzwa munyaya. Akanga ari kuti zvisingawanzoitiki nguva dzose, muchikwata vanhu vaiedza kushandisa nenzvimbo yake yakakwirira uye upfumi kubatsira Russia. Kuva muna 1755 muvambi Moscow University, akapfeka mazuva ano University zita, makore maviri gare gare, akatora danho kuumba urongwa inodzidzisa yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa vemifananidzo mu zvikuru unyanzvi.

Petersburg Academy of Arts, riri pakutanga kwake mumba musi Sadovaya Street, akatanga basa muna 1758. Vazhinji mari inopiwa kubva oga mari Shuvalov sezvo homwe nokuda kwayo kugutsikana kukwana mari yave dzinounzwa. A norupo philanthropist, kwete chete nokuti mari akarayira kubva kunze, zvakanakisisa vadzidzisi, asiwo akapa Academy akasika munhu muunganidzwa emifananidzo ndezvake, vachiisa saka pakutanga kusikwa miziyamu uye raibhurari.

The Rector of Academy rokutanga

Kubva nguva yokutanga oparesheni Academy of Arts, uyewo kuvakwa kwayo chivako kuitika chokuita nezita mumwe munhu akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo munhau yeRussia tsika. Uyu muenzaniso Russian mapurani Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov (1726-1772). Kunotangwa pachiimbwa Purofesa JB Vallenom M. the Mothe rokuvaka, umo Academy akatama kubva Shuvalov kwakaita neimba, akamutora pachinzvimbo wokuimba, ipapo muzvinafundo uye Rector. Ezvinhu rufu rwake chamuita kuti mumwe ngano zhinji St. Petersburg, inozivikanwa se "Phantom of Academy of Arts Zvakanaka." Chokwadi chokuti mashoko kubva vasara Rector of Academy, kwete akafa somugumisiro chirwere nemvura, sezvinoratidzwa pamutemo obituary, uye akasungirirwa mariri atiki.

The zvinobvira zvinokonzera kuzviuraya vanonzi maviri. Maererano neimwe shanduro, chikonzero chaiva unsubstantiated mhosva embezzling ehurumende-vaiva yesangano, ndiko kuora. Nekuti mazuva iwayo zvaionekwa zvikuru uye kuzvidzwa, uye nemhosva Alexander Filippovich akakundikana, akasarudza kufa. Mune imwe shanduro nhangaruvanze danho vakashumira pakutsiurwa ichi akanga agamuchira kubva Empress Catherine II, akashanyira pakuvaka chikoro uye kuwana nemapfekero tsvina pamusoro dzichangobva wall. Kubvira ipapo panoti kugeza kuzviuraya pasina kuwana kuzorora Vyshny nyika, vakatongerwa zvachose paakandidzungaidza yaakasika kamwe masvingo. asian ake anoratidzwa munyaya.

Vakadzi zvaisanganisira muna Academy munhau

Munguva Catherine wokutanga mukadzi academician of Petersburg Academy of Arts. Akava mudzidzi nomuvezi French Etena Falkone - Marie-Anna Kollo, vakasikwa pamwechete mudzidzisi wake, akakurumbira "Bronze webhiza". Zvakanga iye dzaiimba musoro wamambo, rwakazokura mumwe sculptural yake yakanakisisa Portraits.

Vachiyemura basa rake Empress akarayira kugadza Collot hwose mudyandigere uye basa yakakwirira chinzvimbo chakadaro. Zvichakadai, pakati vaongorori vanoverengeka ano vane pfungwa yokuti, zvinopesana isingachinji shanduro Marie-Anna Kollo - mukadzi academician of Petersburg Academy of Arts, ndiye muvambi kwete chete musoro, "The Bronze webhiza", asi chose mufananidzo wamambo, apo mudzidzisi wake wakavezwa bhiza. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi zvitadzise makodzero yake.

In kupfuura, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mukuru uye honorary rokuremekedza chichiwanikwa muRussia pakupera ari XVIII remakore, mumwe yokudhirowa, vaibva kuFrance uye mumwe yakanakisisa Portrait Painters nguva yake - Vigee Lebrun. Academician of Petersburg Academy of Arts - musoro, izvo paakavapa chete kudzidza. Lebrun vakagamuchira hapana zvishoma chikuru zita honorary kushamwaridzana freestyle, vakanga paakavapa panguva vakakurumbira Artists vakanga vakadzidza kwose.

Murayiro kurovedzwa ari XVIII remakore

Petersburg Academy of Arts kubvira pakutanga kwayo akabatanidzwa rinokosha kukura Russian tsika. About kuti, akanga sei zvakakomba akaisa basa rake angava anoratidza kuti iri XVIII remakore, kurovedza kwemakore gumi nemashanu, uye zvakanakisisa kudzidza vakatumirwa zvevoruzhinji mari ive internship kunze. Pakati pazvo ounyanzvi, akadzidza ari chikoro vakanga kupenda, kudhirowa, chivezwa uye mapurani.

The yose yokudzidza, iyo inopa vadzidzi waro Academy of Arts, yakakamurwa kuva makirasi mashanu, kana zvikamu, iyo wechina uye wechishanu aiva apasi dzainzi chikoro edzidzo. Vakagamuchira vakomana vakanga zvasvika makore mashanu navatanhatu zera, apo ivo kudzidza kuverenga uye kuwana zvinokosha unyanzvi, mubasa kupenda zvishongo uye kutevedzera vakagadzirira mifananidzo. In nechimwe izvi zviviri kurovedza kwemakore matatu chikoro chepuraimari. Saka, nzira chikoro yedzidzo rwakatora makore matanhatu.

Sections kubva rechitatu wokutanga akanga achiatapudzira, vakanzi, chokwadi, iri Academy of Arts. Ndivo vadzidzi, kare akarovedzwa seboka, rakakamurwa makirasi maererano ramangwana specialization - kupenda, achiita zvokutemera, chivezwa kana mapurani. In nechimwe izvi zvitatu yepamusoro zvikamu adzidza kwemakore matatu, zvichiguma zvakananga Academy kurovedza yakapedza makore mapfumbamwe, uye vane makore matanhatu hwakapedzerwa chikoro imwe dzidzo, aiva nemakore gumi nemashanu okuberekwa. Chete pave paya, muna XIX remakore, pashure 1843 akavharwa chikoro rokudzidzisa, nguva kudzidziswa yekudyidzana ungaderedza.

Other anoranga

Academy of Arts Akanaka muSt Petersburg, pamusoro muenzaniso nemasangano yakafanana European ibudiswe kubva pamasvingo aro nenyanzvi vakadzidziswa unyanzvi kwete chete muminda ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana, asi vanhu uyewo vakadzidza zvikuru. Kunze dzinokosha anoranga ari zvezvaidzidziswa kwaisanganisirawo mitauro yokumwe, nhoroondo, jogirafi, mungano uye kunyange zvenyeredzi.

Muzana remakore itsva

Petersburg Academy of Arts muzana remakore rechi19 akamuka ayo pakuzadzisa. Ndiani akatungamirira yake Russian anorichengeta akapfuma Count Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov wakaitwa dzakatevedzana zvinhu, zvakazoita pokudzorerwa zvakasikwa uye menduru makirasi, uyewo zvimwe zvinhu zviri vakabvuma kuti nhare pakudzidza. An Danho rinokosha muupenyu Academy of nguva akanga ari wokutanga kutapurirana yayo Bazi National Education, uye ipapo - ushumiri Imperial Court. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikuru kuwana mamwe mari uye akabvumira zvakawanda vadzidzi kuti vaende kune imwe nyika.

Simba classicism

Panenge pakati XIX remakore chete zvinoyevedza manyorerwo, kuzivikanwa chikoro, aiva Classicism. On the kukoshesa kudzidzisa panguva iyoyo akanga kukanganiswa zvikuru anonzi akanyatsorongwa pakati Genres - vakagamuchirwa nokuda Paris Academy of Arts Akanaka wegadziriro weboka Genres yakaisvonaka hwemashiripiti maererano kukosha, chikuru iyo anonzi kare kupenda. Pfungwa iyi iripo kusvikira pakuguma XIX remakore.

Maererano neizvi, vadzidzi vaifanira kunyora nyaya yatorwa Magwaro kana mabasa vanyori vekare - .. Homer, Ovid, Theocritus, etc. Russian dingindira Old kwakabvumirawo, asi chete ari akapoteredza nhoroondo mabasa Lomonosov uye Shcherbatov uye uye Synopsys - dzakaunganidzwa mabasa nokuda venhoroondo dzekare. Somugumisiro classicism, uyo akaparidzira St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts, kunotozongoita rinongotaura okugadzira zvinhu vadzidzi, kumanikidza nayo munzvimbo yakamanikana pakupedzisira moribund nevanhu.

Artists vapanduki akudzwa Russian unyanzvi

The zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungurwa kubva hwakagadzwa canons akatanga nepfungwa yokuti pane November 1863, 14 zvikuru unyanzvi vadzidzi zvaisanganisira ari vatori vechikamu vari mumakwikwi nendarama menduru, akaramba kunyora kwavari uri kupiwa chomunda Odin mungano, vachirayira kodzero yokusarudza nyaya. Sezvo vakaramba, ivo demonstratively vakasiya chikoro, akarongeka nharaunda, iyo yakava hwaro yakazotevera inozivikanwa Association Rokufambira Kunstausstellungen. chiitiko ichi akaburuka munhau wokuRussia unyanzvi somunhu kumukira gumi.

Alumni uye academicians of St. Petersburg Academy of Arts zvakadai Painters akakurumbira sezvo MA Vrubel, V. A. Serov, V. I. Surikov, VD Polenov, VM Vasnetsov, uye vamwe vakawanda. Saizvozvowo mweya navo uyewo zvinofanira kutaurwa, uye renyeredzi rimwe kwakajeka vadzidzisi, pakati pavo V. E. Makovsky, I. I. Shishkin, A. I. Kuindzhi uye I. E. Repin.

Academy muna XX remakore

Petersburg Academy of Arts akaramba mabasa ayo kuna October 1917 kubvuta masimba d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba. Mumwedzi mitanhatu mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba Mutongo CPC izvozvo yakaguma, uye chawo zvakagadzirwa uye vachinje mazita avo siyana unyanzvi zvikoro, zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirira vatenzi itsva mugovanisi muripo nguva nenguva. Muna 1944, yakaiswa mukati masvingo Institute of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture ainzi pashure I. E. Repina raakanga Akapfeka kusvikira nhasi. Pachavo vakatanga pakati Academy of Arts - gota of Imperial Court I. I. Shuvalov uye hunoshamisa Russian mapurani A. F. Kokorinov, nokusingaperi akapinda nhoroondo Russian art.