Pfupiso ye "Kalevala". Karelian-Finnish paakaita nhetembo

Epic - chaicho Genre, akadai akazvimirira sezvo nhetembo uye mutambo, rinotaura pamusoro kure kare. Iye nguva dzose bhuku refu rwakatambanudzwa munguva uye nzvimbo uye zvikuru inonakidza. "Kalevala" - Karelian-Finnish paakaita nhetembo. Nokuti chevarwere nziyo makumi mashanu (Runes) rwakaimbwa magamba "Kalevala". Historical hwaro nziyo idzi hakusi kuwanika. kutsika Magamba vari evasingatombonamati nakisisa hunhu. nyaya Single, sapamazuva "rinonzi Iliad" yakakura, zvakare, asina, asi muchidimbu zviri "Kalevala" zvichakurukurwa pano.

ngano Processing

Karelian zvavo yakakura vakatanga dzifunge uye kunyora chete negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore. The akakurumbira Finnish Chiremba uye nyanzvi Elias Lonnrot yave achiunganidza shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana yakakura nziyo achiita selection, achiedza vanyengere kubatanidza mumwe zvikamu kune mumwe. The rokutanga reShanduro "Kalevala" yakabudiswa muna 1835, uye chete pashure anenge namashanu - wechipiri. On the Russian mutauro Finnish yakakura akatamisirwako muna 1888 uye yakabudiswa "Pantheon pamusoro Literature" Mudetembi L. P. Belskim. Public mafungiro semutongo mumwe pachisarudzo charakaita "Kalevala" - mabhuku uye akachena mashoko matsva pamusoro chiKristu maonero echitendero uye dzinza Karelian Finns.

Zita Epic akazvipa Lönnrot. Kalevala - raiva zita munyika umo kurarama uye kuita zvakapembererwa kuti magamba enyika. Chete zita nyika pfupi - Kaleva, nokuti suffix mutauro the inomiririra chete nzvimbo: vaigara Kaleva. Ndipo vanhu vagara magamba avo: Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen, Lemminkäinen - zvose vatatu dzaiimbwa sezvo vanakomana panyika ino vakaropafadzwa.

The Kuronga yakakura

Detembo mashanu Runes vakaumba dzakasiyana-siyana nomumwe nziyo - paiva lyrical uye yakakura, uye kunyange mashiripiti kugutsikana. Lönnrot yakanyorwa zvikuru zvakananga kubva pamuromo murimi mudiki, uye vamwe kare yanyorwa vateresi ngano. Best rwiyo micheto vaiva Russian yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia muna Olonets mudunhu uye inoguma muna Arkhangelsk, pamhenderekedzo Lake Ladoga uye Finnish yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, pane ndangariro vanhu vakaramba zvikurusa.

Rune haana tiratidzei enhoroondo chaizvoizvo, chero hondo pamwe nemamwe marudzi, hakuna akaratidza. Uyezve, haana kuratidzwa kana vanhu, kana vanhu kana mamiriro, zvose epics Russian. The Runes zvose hunotongwa mhuri, uye kunyange ukama hwemhuri regai nezvinangwa kuti Knights noupenyu hwake.

Knights

The yekare zvitendero zvechihedheni Karels kupa paakaita magamba, simba mumuviri kwete chete uye kwete zvokuti ayo masimba akawanda mashiripiti, kukwanisa vakakanda zvitsinga kutanga kutaura, tinkering zvemashiripiti zvicherwa zvakawanwa,. Magamba vane chipo lycanthropy dzaigona munhu kupinda chinhu, kufamba, pakarepo kutamira chero kure, uye kudzora mamiriro okunze uye mhepo yakapoteredza mananara. Kunyange pfupiso "Kalevala" haazoiti pasina nakisisa zviitiko.

Nziyo Karelian-Finnish yakakura, siyana, uye chakakodzera vapinde chete zano hazviiti. The "Kalevala", kufanana nezvimwe epics zhinji, pakusikwa kwenyika. Zvinoita sokuti zuva, nyeredzi, mwedzi, zuva, pasi. mwanasikana mhepo anobereka Väinämöinen, uchava protagonist yacho yakakura, izvo zvichakugadzirira nyika uye kudyara bhari. Pakati zhinji uye zvakasiyana-siyana adventures ari gamba zvinoitika uye izvo kukodzera huru eyeballs, kunyange filamentous zano.

chikepe anoshamisa

Väinämöinen anosangana nemasanga neMhandara of North, sezvo akanaka sezvo zuva. Achipindura panyaya kumuroora, anobvumirana pamusoro ezvinhu kuti gamba nezvimedu pakati chokurukisa kuchaita kuvaka chikepe mashiripiti kwaari. murwi akafuridzirwa saka kushingaira kushanda kuti demo aisagona kudzivisa akakuvara. Ropa hazvirevi kwanyarara, ndaifanira kushanyira muroyi chiremba. Rinozivisa kuti kwaiva simbi.

Muroyi chiremba akabatsira, asi gamba haisi kudzokera. Iye akasimudza chitsinga vasekuru vake mhepo, vakanga vawana uye akaponesa kwazvo unyanzvi mupfuri - Ilmarinen muna Poholu, dzekuchamhembe. Mhizha vakagadzira achiteerera kune North Musikana mashiripiti paguyo rimwe Sampo, kunounza mufaro uye upfumi. Zviitiko izvi zvinosanganisira wekutanga gumi paakaita Runes.

hurumende

Mugore regumi Rune ane idzva umhare hunhu - Lemminkäinen, zvachose displacing yapfuura zviitiko nziyo. Izvi gamba zvehondo, n'anga chaiyo uye anoda zvikuru vakadzi. Kusuma vadzidzi gamba itsva, nyaya vakadzoka Vyaynyamoynenu. Kuti wakarurama haafaniri kupfuura vanoda mutambi kuita wemanomano: kunyange muhero vakaburuka, regai pachake kumedzwa hofori Viipunenu, asi achiri akanzwisisa mashoko vaiita kuti zvaidiwa kuvaka zvikepe ane chokurukisa pamusoro yaakanga nechikepe Poholu kuroora.

Kwete zvishoma nayo. North Maiden munguva kusavapo gamba nguva kuwira murudo nyanzvi mupfuri Ilmarinen tikaroorana, vachiramba aite shoko rake kupiwa Vyaynyamoynenu. Kune vazhinji, uye rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama kwete chete muchato, pamwe zvose tsika dzayo uye tsika, muri kunyange nziyo dzaiimbwa ikoko, kugadzirisa basa uye basa nemurume wake uye mudzimai kumurume. It rinopera nyaya mutsetse uyu chete maviri namashanu rwiyo. Sezvineiwo, zviri pepfupikiso "Kalevala" kwete chete akabata inodikanwa, uye zvakawanda zvitsauko izvi.

Zvinosuruvarisa nyaya

Next nhanhatu Runes vanoparidza swashbuckling adventures ose Lemminkäinen kuchamhembe pamupendero - muna Pohole, pane North, kwete chete haasi mhandara, asi mweya wakaputsika, unhu mutsa, vane udyire uye acquisitive. On matatu wokutanga Rune rinotanga chimwe chezvinhu rakapinza uye zvikuru nyama pfupi nyaya, mumwe yakanakisisa zvikamu yose yakakura.

Nziyo shanu anotaura anosuruvarisa kutapwa inoshamisa gamba Kullervo, uyo vasingazivi akafurira hanzvadzi yake. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu rose kwakaratidza magamba uye gamba pachake, uye hanzvadzi yake kugona kutakura chivi svershonny uye akafa. Ichi chinhu chinosuruvarisa zvikuru nyaya, zvakanyorwa (uye zvichida rinoshandurwa) yakaidzwa, rakapinza, nepfungwa huru tsitsi zvichaitirwa kwazvo kurangwa vatambi. Epic "Kalevala" rinopa zvakawanda zvatinoona apo rudo dzinoimbwa vabereki, vana, kuna mai zvisikwa.

hondo

Zvinotevera Runes anotsanangura sei chokubatanidza magamba matatu (kusanganisira usina kufukidzwa mupfuri) kuitira kuti abvise zvakaipa North mhandara mashiripiti pfuma - Sampo. Magamba "Kalevala" haana kukanda mapfumo. Pano, hondo hakuzopedzi chinhu, uye kwakasarudzwa samagariro, kushandisa uroyi. Väinämöinen, sezvo guslar yedu Novgorod Sadko, akavaka pachake chiridzwa - kantele, kuroyiwa mutambo hunhu uye lulled northerners zvose. Saka magamba umyknuli Sampo.

North hositesi kukudzingirirai navo uye kuvaka namano avo kusvikira Sampo vakawira mugungwa. It anotumira kuna Kalev chikara, gungwa, ose yenjodzi, sezvo Väinämöinen, Zvichakadai, akaita chishandiso itsva, iyo airidza chinotokosha mashiripiti kupfuura dzakadzosera chakabiwa Poholy mwene zuva nomwedzi. Nhongai penhindi Sampo, gamba mazhinji zvakanaka zvakaitirwa vanhu venyika yake, yakawanda mabasa akanaka. Pane chaizvo yakareba pamwe uchinzvera Gere anenge matatu yechifunhiro "Kalevala". Retelling nyaya iyi hazvigoni kutsiva nokuverenga basa, yava rakafuridzirwa vemifananidzo vakawanda kusika mabasa makuru. Zvakakodzera kuverenga zvose nzira kuwana mufaro wechokwadi.

naMwari Child

Saka yakakura akasvika vokupedzisira nemvere dzavo, dzokufananidzira chaizvo. Zvaiita dzeapokirifa kuberekwa Muponesi. Maid pamusoro Kaleva - Marjatta - akabereka mwanakomana waMwari chinoshamisa. Väinämöinen kunyange kutya simba, akanga mwana mavhiki maviri, uye zano kumuuraya pakarepo. On mwana gamba vanyadziswe, kokurwa kusaruramisira. Hero vakateerera. Pakupedzisira vakaimba rwiyo mashiripiti, vakapinda chinoshamisa chomuruki uye akasiya yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia itsva uye akakodzera simba. Saka anopedzisa Epic "Kalevala".

Reviews

jira achidetemba kuti "Kalevala" harina chero chete nevakawanda shinda unobatanidza ose Zvikamu mune imwe. Kunyange, maonero, mumabhuku zvakagara vakatsvaka uye ramba uchitsvaka. Pane hypotheses siyana. E. Aspelin akawana kuti pfungwa iyi yekupindurwa mwaka iri kuchamhembe munyika. Lönnrot, ari muteresi huru, vaidavira kuti pano akajekesa uchapupu anopamba kuchamhembe Finnish nyika kuramba yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Uye chaizvoizvo - Kaleva akahwina, magamba dzichengete rokumukunda Poholu. Zvisinei, maonero tiri vazhinji, uye ivo dzimwe nguva akasiyana zvachose vakasiyana mumwe. Kunyange pfupiso "Kalevala" anogona kupa pfungwa ukuru National yakakura.