Phosphorus oxide

Phosphorus yakawanikwa uye voga muna 1669 ne kemisiti wokuGermany H. Brandt. Zvakasikwa, maatomu akafanana izvi rinowanikwa chete dziri yeimwe. zvicherwa Major - phosphorite Ca3 (PO4) 2 uye apatite 3Ca3 (PO4) 2 • CaF2 kana Ca5F (PO4) 3. Uyezve, chinhu chikamu puroteni, uye inowanikwawo mazino uye mapfupa. Phosphorus chinonyanya nyore zvaanoita pamwe okisijeni uye kuiisa chlorine. An zvinopfuura izvi zvinhu zviri akaumbwa yeimwe oxidation (nokuti P) +5, uye yokushomeka - iri oxidation mamiriro +3. phosphorus oxide anogona anomiririrwa Masvomhu akawanda kuti kuratidza makemikari akasiyana. Pakati pavo, rakajairika - ndiko P2O5 uye P2O3. Mamwe isingawanzowanikwi uye havaratidzi vakadzidza oxides ndiwo: P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, PO uye P2O6.

Zvingaitwa zvokuvamba phosphorus, okisijeni oxidation kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kufarira dzakasiyana-siyana. Chekutanga, murima, zvakajeka vanooneka sokupenya, izvo iye akatevera. Chechipiri, oxidation kuti munhu kemikari nguva dzose zvinoitika nokuumbwa ozone. Izvi imhaka kutenga zvenguva - phosphoryl PO - zano: P + O2 → PO + Haiwa, zvino: O + O2 → O3. Chechitatu, oxidation nokuda chimbichimbi Kuchinja zvemagetsi conductivity ari ambient mhepo nokuda kwayo ionization. Voga chiedza pasina kuchikosha reheating, mune nemakemikari anonzi chemiluminescence. In nyorovera runyararo manyoro chemiluminescence nokuda paumbwe zvenguva PO.

phosphorus oxidation kunoitika chete pane imwe okisijeni wevasungwa. Hazvifaniri kuva pazasi shoma pachikumbaridzo uye pamusoro vaifanira haasaruri kumanikidzwa O2. Chinguva pachayo zvinoenderana tembiricha uye zvimwewo. Somuenzaniso, pasi pomureza ezvinhu, maitiro mwero yakaisvonaka okisijeni, phosphorus oxidation kunowandawo kusvikira zvasvika mmHg 300. Art. kusvika razero apo okisijeni zvishomanana kumanikidzwa kuri ipapo ipfupi uye mapopoma anosvika 700 mm HG. Art. uye pamusoro. Saka oxide hauna kuumbwa pasi vanhuwo ezvinhu, saka sezvo phosphorus anenge asina oxidized.

phosphorus pentoxide

Chinonyanya chaiwo phosphorus pentoxide ndiyo oxide kana yakakwirira oxides kuti phosphorus, P2O5. Zviri chena upfu ane kunzwa zvakanaka. Pakusarudza vaviri vaviri waro samolecular uremu, kwakaonekwa kuti nhoroondo yakakodzera kwayo fomura P4O10. Izvi fuma nonflammable, inonyunguduka pa 565,6 C. The anhydride P2O5 oxide -kislotny zvose maitiro ehupfumi, asi zvinonzi rinonyatsotevedza kunyura mwando, saka rinoshandiswa senzira desiccant mvura kana magasi. phosphorus oxide anogona kutora mvura, inova chikamu makemikari. The anhydride achiumbwa kubudikidza combustion kuti phosphorus ari bhodhoro mhepo kana mhepo, mumwe uwandu O2 vanoronga yakakwana: 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5. Rinoshandiswa kweShanduro zvinovava H3PO4. In kuonana nemvura kunogona kuumba zvitatu asidhi:

• metaphosphoric: P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3;
• pyrophosphoric: P2O5 + 2H2O → H4P2O7;
• Phosphoric: P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4.

phosphorus pentoxide ikasakendenga nechisimba nemvura uye zvinhu inemvura, zvakadai matanda kana donje. Izvi unoumba yakawanda kupisa kuti aigona kunyange kukonzera moto. Kunoita simbi ngura uye kunovhiringidza zvikuru (kuva kutsva kwakakura ganda, maziso) uye kufema mucous membranes, kunyange panguva kuwanda yakaderera 1 MG / m³.

phosphorus trioxide

Phosphorous anhydride kana phosphorus trioxide, P2O3 (P4O6) - iri chena crystalline hwakasimba (wakisi akafanana), panguva imwe tembiricha kuti 23.8 C inonyunguduka uye mamota pa 173,7 C. Sezvo jena phosphorous, P2O3 ndiye muchetura chaizvo . Ichi acidic oxide, zvose ehupfumi dzayo. Phosphorus oxide 3 achiumbwa nokuda anonoke oxidation kana combustion wakasununguka fuma (P) mumhuri pane kushayikwa okisijeni. Phosphorus trioxide ikasakendenga zvishoma nezvishoma nemvura inotonhora kuti aumbe asidhi: P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3. Izvi phosphorus oxide ikasakendenga zvakasimba nemvura inopisa, zvinoitwa kutora nzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi zvinogona kuumba dzvuku phosphor (dzakachinjwa allotropic podukt), phosphorus hydride uye asidhi: H3PO3 uye H3PO4. Thermal manyowa pakati P4O6 anhydride kunoteverwa cleavage pamusoro phosphorus maatomu, sezvamakaropafadzwa musanganiswa aumba kubva oxides ose P4O7, P4O8, P4O9. Maererano mamiriro akafanana P4O10. The kupfuura kudzidza izvi P4O8.