Photo uye rondedzero "Doriphor" Policlet

Kana kutarisa "Doriphor" Policlet munhu kurarama ichi remakore uye kwete vaiziva nyaya ounyanzvi, haana pakarepo kunzwisisa nei chivezwa ichi anonzi kuva anokosha kudaro. Zvisinei, vanhu vairarama munguva dzekare dzechiGiriki vanatenzi aigona nokukurumidza kuziva chifananidzo kusiyana nemamwe mabasa kumwedzi. Sculpture "Doryphoros" Policlet dzinounzwa rinokosha inoshandiswa pakutsigira kwemuviri, yaiva mumwe mabasa ekutanga muGirisi yekare, tsika izvo zvaiita mupenyu, vakagadzirira kuti kubvisa nechigadziko munhu. Kare mumazuva iwayo chifananidzo kunoonekwa sechinhu chiero dzekare unyanzvi, muenzaniso mathematically rukasimbiswa zvikuru kuti anogona kufema upenyu kupinda nendarira.

Polykleitos

Nomuvezi akasika chifananidzo, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya, akararama pakupera V remakore BC (zvichida 480-420-s BC). Nzvimbo chaiwo wakazvarwa harizivikanwi Policlet. Maererano Greek vanyori vekare, vangafunga Argos kana Sicyon, guta riri kunyorwa tsika nguva nzvimbo. unyanzvi hwavo Polycleitus kuunganidza pasi Agelara muvezi. Pamwe naye vakaenda mumwe akakurumbira Greek mifananidzo Myron.

Policlet okugadzira zvinhu kwakasiyana nesimba kutsvaka yakanaka. Kuumba zvivezwa, akatsvaka kuti awane pakukwana mune mamiriro fambisa chiso chedu. magamba ake vari kure Chipatapata chiri, vane ndakadzikama uye akachenjera. Harmony akanga dzinoratidzwa kwete mufananidzo chete, asiwo yomukati zviri mufananidzo.

chandinodisisa vatambi

Usati uye pashure pakusika "Doriphor" Policlet kufarira mufananidzo vatambi. Izvi hazvishamisi, ndiani asi kunokudzwa Olympic vakundi, aigona kuratidza zvose kunaka munhu dzakabudirira munhurume muviri. Zvisinei, kakawanda Polycleitus akaratidza vatambi panguva makwikwi uye mushure kukunda. Panguva iyi, muviri akatora makakatanwa yakawandisa, asi pakanga pasina chiratidzo kuneta. The muviri inova vagadzikana uye dzakaunganidza panguva imwecheteyo - kunzwa kuti chete maererano, raaida uye aiziva sei wokushandura yekare Greek muvezi.

zvivezwa

The epakutanga of mifananidzo munyori haana kurarama. Vakawanda mabasa akanga chete muchimiro kurondedzerwa vomunguva, vamwe vaburukira kwatiri kuburikidza makopi Roman. Saka, rudo vavezi vemabwe umambo dzvene kudzokorora mabasa Greek yekare kuchaita unyanzvi kare nguva yedu kuona rimwe tanga mabasa Policlet. Tenzi chisimbiso Kumukundi of Olympic Games panguva apo korona musoro wake. Asi pamusoro mifananidzo Pifokla uye Ariston, uye Hercules naHemesi, tinoziva chete kuburikidza zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa.

Zvishoma Papera, pakusikwa mabasa aya Polycleitus - "Doryphoros" uyewo panguva yakanga yakagadzirira - akatamira kuAtene. Pano anosika "akakuvadzwa Amazon". chivezwa ichi akatipa yakasvika muchimiro makopi Roman. Wokugadzira iri rinenge zvakafanana "Doriphor" Policlet. Statement muviri, pavanoteka yakasimba tsandanyama muviri, pfungwa nesimba romukati - zvose anobatanidza mifananidzo miviri.

Panoperera rwendo rwoupenyu

In Athens Polycleitus vaita uye asian chivezwa. Nepo ounyanzvi mhando iyi haana zvakajairika chaizvo. Polycleitus, kutongwa nokuda hwakawanda huripo mishumo uye ongororo, zvakakwana aiziva basa rake. The mabhuku nokuchengetedza mashoko maererano izvo tenzi akashanda mufananidzo Artemana injiniya pamusoro Pericles.

Mifananidzo achangopfuura makore inoratidza kuda itsva nemunyori. Rimwe remabasa awa - "Diadumen" (anenge 430 BC). Chifananidzo zvinoratidzira yeOlympic weNobel, akanaka wevaFiripi kusungirira Ribbon pamusoro wake. Mumufananidzo wake uye uso okuti zviri ndoda akadzikama kupfuura yapfuura mabasa tenzi.

"Doryphoros" Policlet: tsananguro

Zvisinei, yakakurumbira zvikuru muvezi basa chaizvo "Doryphoros". The chivezwa Unoratidza nevemapfumo chete akakunda makwikwi. The chinyorwa asingadi vaburukira kwatiri, yakatanga makore 460-450. BC. e. Kuti mutongere basa nhasi, tinogona kuonga kuti makopi mashomanana asara.

Imperceptible rwokufamba kuisa muviri - ndizvo chinokunda chifananidzo, hwakasikwa Polycleitus. Doryphoros mutakuri yakamira, Akasendamira rimwe gumbo, wechipiri chete inotsigira nhamba - kana ari kuda kutora danho. The rworudyi noruoko iri kutura vechidiki, kuruboshwe, iye akabata pfumo. Nyore kuona kuti chikamu muviri yozorora, uye mumwe wacho nerongo. Kubatana uku anotarisa saka chaivo kuti Spearman kunoita mupenyu. Statue zvakanaka chete kunofambira mberi mifananidzo, hunhu yapfuura nguva unyanzvi.

seakafuridzirwa

At mwoyo pakuvaka muviri "Doriphor" Policlet akarara chaiwo kwemasvomhu kukarukureta uye mamiriro ezvinhu Pythagoreanism. Mufananidzo Wizard varume muviri airamba achikopwa nevateveri vake uye wakanzi "Policlet seakafuridzirwa". Uyewo zviri raireva bhuku uye muvezi, dzakanga yakataurwa dzidziso Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye akarongeka kukarukureta kuti kukura. muvezi basa haana isu asvika nhasi kuti kutonga, masayendisiti anogona chete kuburikidza nezvinyorwa vakararama panguva yemunyori.

Mujinga sezvamunoita - kuyambuka gogonera kufamba muviri. Kuruoko rworudyi uye kutura rutsigiro gumbo kunofambira mberi, asi kuoma. Vakasiya unoenderana nhengo dzomuviri vakasununguka, asi panguva imwe chete vari kufamba. Nokushorwa ichi Policlet akakundikana wokushandura rwomukati vakadzikama hunhu uye mawa akagadzirira chero yokuedzwa.

Golden Section

Kana chifananidzo akasikwa "Doryphoros" Polycleitus akashandisa uye mumwe musimboti Pythagoreanism. Vose kukura kwomuviri zvakavakwa maererano nomurau rwemabhera chikamu. Muchidimbu anogona akagadzira sezvinotevera: kureba yose chinhu kana muviri saka zvinoreva kworutivi, yokupedzisira kuderedza. Kukwirira chifananidzo zvinoreva chinhambwe kubva nechigadziko kusvika guvhu spearman, yokupedzisira kune chinhambwe kubva guvhu kusvikira pamusoro pomusoro.

All kukura ari chivezwa inozviisa zvimwe Masvomhu. Ndicho yakanaka nhamba dzemiviri, vachibvumira kuumba akanaka murwi, kwete refu kana stocky mufananidzo uye akaedza kudzokorora vadzidzi vakawanda mukudzidzire kungatonziwo "Doriphor". Heano mamwe zvikuru izvi:

• kure kubva vertex kusvika chirebvu ndiyo ka7 kuvatumwa nokukwirira spearman;

• kubva meso chirebvu - 16;

• chiso kukwirira - 10.

Pokutonga yendarama chikamu uye Proportional reshiyo Polycleitus akacherechedza muzvidzidzo zvose. Akaramba navo ishe chete kana vakatanga kupikisana kwomuzvarirwo parameters womunhu mune imwe chivezwa.

contrapposto

mumwe akatanga kushandisa magadzirirwo contrapposto, uyo akazova chaiwo Polycleitus. Chinotaurwa sokuti nguva muchinjikwa makakatanwa mumaoko nemakumbo. Kuzvibvuma zvinotisvitsa zvoga chinzvimbo, kuti ibudise mortgaged kwake kufamba. Zvidhori, achishandisa contrapposto, rinoenzanisa zvakanaka kunofambira mberi zvenzombe kare. Ivo inoratidza mhenyu vanhu, asi kwete yakagwamba nechando makopi vanamwari.

Kushanda pamusoro zvivezwa Polycleitus vakatarisa vanhu. Akacherechedza kuti pane nguva dzose chikamu chimwe muviri sangano rinoita kuchinja panzvimbo uye mumwe. Akanga asiri wokutanga kuona chikamu ichi, asi zviri nani kupfuura vamwe vaikwanisa nayo. Kufanana nevamwe vamutangira, akanzwisisa kukosha kusunda mberi kuruboshwe gumbo uye rworudyi ruoko kana kurudyi gumbo uye akasiya ruoko nokuda kwemashoko inofamba. Ndiyo nzvimbo kwomuchinjikwa nhengo dzomuviri, zvakazoita contrapposto musimboti.

Zvinosuruvarisa, hatina kusvika yepakutanga chifananidzo, hwakasikwa Polycleitus. "Doryphoros" Photo inoratidza zvakanaka, uye vasara makopi mufananidzo rinosanganisa Canon akanaka makono muviri. Zvisinei, pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti chepakuvamba yarasika emakore, akatarisa kunotonyanya zvinopindirana. Kunyange zvakadaro, "Doryphoros" anoramba munhu anoyemurika iri uri nhasi. muviri zvikuru uye yendarama reshiyo, akashandisa kusika nayo, uye vaiona yakanaka nhasi. Nhasi chivezwa "Doriphor" anogona kunzi zvinhu rokudzidzisa kwete chete nokuda vavezi vemabwe asiwo vemifananidzo uye mamwe vanatenzi imwe mhando.