Pitting ngura: kunokonzera. kudzivirira nesimbi pamusoro ngura Nzira

Ngura rinonzi kuparadzwa pamusoro vanoshingaira zvinhu pamusana kuwana redox kwendangariro. Kuparadzwa zvokunyama akaturikidzana kunotungamirira kurasikirwa simba, zvemagetsi conductivity, vakawedzera brittleness nezvimwe zvivako zviri simbi chinovhiringidza.

Mukushanda simbi zvigadzirwa vari pasi kukuvadza dzakasiyana siyana uye nemifananidzo, pakati inomira kunze pitting. Chitsvene ngozi uye nezvimwewo.

pitting ngura

Pamusoro pemvura simbi zvigadzirwa hazvishamisi kuona dzegirini duku panyaya shava kana shava. masayendisiti izvi dana pitting pfungwa, uye chirongwa chitarisiko chavo - pitting. Richiwanika pamusoro pemvura zvinhu uchikurukura mugungwa mvura mhinduro kubva munyu siyana, mishonga zvechisimba zvinwiwa uye achiona dzinoodza zvinhu.

Pitting ngura inobata chete pusa nesimbi uye alloys, kukura kunyanya ngura rukoko kana kuti nzvimbo urema siyana. "Point nemaronda" anogona kuvhiringidza kushanda zvigadzirwa siyana kubva matete membranes uye Chips kusvikira makobvu-akavakirirwa dzakabatana. Uyezve, chitarisiko chavo ngura hwezvekukurukurirana paumbwe makatsemuka iri substantially wakaderedzwa kupiwa zvinhu unhu.

Scheme simbi kutsemuka

To Activate pitting zvinoda kuvapo reactants maviri - activators uye sequestrants. Somunhu activator anions kuti kuiisa chlorine kazhinji vanoita, bromine, ayodhini - zvinowanika munharaunda dzakawanda umo simbi zvigadzirwa vari kuvhiyiwa. Vari adsorbed padenga simbi nomumativi kuumba pamwe yenhengo dzayo soluble zvivako.

Sezvo passivating mvura kana boka hydroxyl kazhinji anoita. Pakarepo kuparadzwa kwacho rinobva maererano zvinotevera zano:

1. Activator ions vari adsorbed pamusoro pemvura unodzivirira (oxide) firimu.
2. Pane inofanira kuzvitsinhanisa reokisijeni ions kuti muitiro womunhu activator ions.
3. A yakawanda soluble ions, mauri firimu hwatsvuka.

Somugumisiro, anogona musiyano kunoitika pamusoro pemvura zvinhu inotungamirira omunharaunda dzenzvimbo kusashanda nokukurumidza anodic rikurumidze. Saka Activator ions vakatamira nzvimbo nokutyora, nokuda iyo pitting ngura mberi.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana pitting ngura

Mhando pitting ngura zvinosiyana zvichienderana kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, zvikurukuru pamusoro tembiricha, ph, makemikari anoumba zvinhu. Pasi pokudzora izvi zvinosiyana chimiro Makomba kukura uye urongwa kwavo. Saka, maererano ukuru yoga pfungwa kuparadzwa:

• roga - dot saizi asingasviki 0.1 mm;
• kwakajairika - the dhayamita of Makomba kunosiyana-siyana pakati 0.1 uye 1 mm;
• maronda kana inotungamirwa kuchakunda 1 mm mu dhayamita.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo pitting ngura inogona rakazaruka kana kuti kuvharwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuziva zvisaririra kuparadza kwakaoma zvisingaiti - zvakakodzera kushandisa michina. Izvi mhando ngura kazhinji kunotungamirira breakdowns.

Open rusting kuoneka kuti kupfeka ziso. Kazhinji pitting batanidza kuva chete isangano. Kana izvi zvaitika hapana kudzikisirana mashoko zvakadzama uye yakafara, nekuti izvo pane guru nzvimbo kuremara.

chimiro muhunza

Muchimiro pitting kunobva voids mukati sekristaro yekamuri ayo achiumbwa nzendo ngura rwokutanga. The kupfuura kakawanda inotungamirwa kwemashifiti chimiro - zvaitika pamusoro pemvura Stainless simbi, carbon uye vakaderera chiwanikwa steels, aruminiyamu, chromium, nickel alloys, simbi.

Hemispherical nemaronda vanoumba somugumisiro wacho isotropic pokutaura. Izvi zvakafanana Electro. Muchikamu ichi anotsanangura kupenyerera pasi Semi-tenderera pakadzika. Most kubatwa zvakadaro kudzikisirana, titanium, aruminiyamu, nickel uye cobalt zvigadzirwa, uyewo maumbirwo tantalum. Inenge zvakafanana kwemarudzi ane pitting pamusoro Stainless steels.

Uyezve, pitting angava polyhedral uye faceted. "Maronda" neyokupedzisira mhando kazhinji pamwe mumwe, iyo inosvitsa hombe kuparadzwa hemispherical.

zvinokonzera

Kukonzera panowanikwa pitting ngura runorwisana kugadzirwa zvemichina uye zvokuimba chiito pamusoro acho. Somugumisiro kuvhiringidzika simbi kuraswa michina ngapaonekwe siyana microinclusions kuti kuvhiringidza maumbirwo kwayo. The inonyanya usanganidzo anganzi chigayo akamboona.

Nokuda zvokuimba vaite kakawanda pamusoro pemvura chigadzirwa kachitanga pitting. Zvikonzero nenhema ichi pakuparadzwa rokumusoro unodzivirira firimu, kukanganisa womukati mamiriro, tichisiya pemvura zvezviyo miganhu. Vakawanda inoshandiswa simba chinokonzera ndiko simba chaizvoizvo, iyo inosvitsa chimiro microcracks.

Pitting ngura kuti simbi iri kukura papfungwa ine hukawanika, uyewo pasi pokudzora hasha nhau - mvura mugungwa, acidic zvingaitwa.

Nzira kudzivirira simbi kubva ngura pitting

Kuti adzivirire simbi zvinhu pamusoro pitting kushandiswa nhatu huru nzira:

1. Kubviswa vakavhara hurongwa vachishandisa mhinduro kubva alkaline yeimwe, sulfates, chromates.
2. Nhanganyaya kwemashoko zvinoriumba dzakakwirira kuramba rusting imwe pfungwa - kubva molybdenum, chromium, nesilicon.
3. Kushandisa anode uye cathode michina pave runodzivirira.

All nzira yokudzivirira simbi kubva ngura ndiyo chete kushandiswawo kugadzirwa, kudiwa yepamusorosoro michina uye hombe guta inivhesitimendi. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva ndiko kubvisa zvachose njodzi pitting hazviiti. Inogona chete zinyekenyeke simba isakarurama kuita zvinhu nenzira:

• kushandisa anticorrosive coatings;
• kuvandudza kushanda zvinhu zvakadai;
• kuderedza padanho acidity, riri neVadzidzi acho.

Asi inonyatsobudirira uye iripo nzira kunyatsonyora yakabwinyiswa: achidzikisa pamusoro roughness, iwe panguva zvinowedzera ayo ngura nemishonga. Asi migumisiro yakanakisisa, nani kushandisa nzira dzose kudzivirira nesimbi pamusoro ngura panguva iyoyowo.