Political Economy. Neoliberalism - ndiko ... (tsananguro) Neoliberalism: pachikoro chiNazi liberalism, vamiririri

Economic sainzi kwenguva refu nguva yakapfuura refu nzira kusvikira nhasi. Vazhinji dzidziso uye mitemo vave akarivhura, vakadzidza uye abuda kwavo maererano zvikuru zvakakodzera nzira kuti basa zvinhu zvevanhu. Political Economy anoongorora zvinoumba dzidziso dzakawanda, mukati kugona kwaro. New dzidziso, mafungiro, mitemo uye hypotheses vakakodzerwa pfungwa masayendisiti, nekuti zvinokanganisawo zvakanaka yose muvanhu. Neoliberalism - mutsva ezvoupfumi dzidziso, ane zvinhu uye kuitika mumunda kutsvakurudza chikuru here zvinofanira kunyatsofungwa.

chidzoke

Neoliberalism anonzi muitiro mutsva upfumi, iyo prioritizes vanhuwo sangano management wehurumende isiri chipingaidzo ari pamutemo muitiro ukama pakati vanotongwa ezvokutengeserana, maindasitiri ukama. Izvi zviri kuitika yakabuda muzana remakore rechi19.

Mabviro dzidziso iyi inobva akarurama hurongwa British masayendisiti Adam Smith uye David Ricardo. Mupfungwa dzavo, hurumende inofanira kupindira upfumi basa zvidzidzo zviri zvishoma.

Neoliberalism - ndiwo zvakare mugumisiro pachikoro repfungwa muGermany, vamiririri zvakanga pakati vokutanga funga enyika upfumi sezvo sayenzi nezvinoitwa nenyika zvoupfumi utariri.

Kukudziridza uye matauriro, chiNazi liberalism mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi wakadenha yakawanda nhungamiro uye nedzidziso akava hwaro kumwe kutsvakurudza masayendisiti munyika yose.

Vamiririri dzakakurumbira

Neoliberalism, ane nhengo ndezvaJehovha ano dzinoitwa sayenzi zvoupfumi, achitsoropodza munguva Keynesianism. Mupfungwa dzavo, hurumende rinoitwa chete kupa zvinhu zvakafanira chokusika yemakwikwi uye kuongorora zviri munzvimbo idzi ezvinhu hatisi.

Nokuti neoliberals zvikoro zvakadai neoavstriyskaya (V. Hayek), Chicago (Milton Friedman), Freiburg (Erhard L. uye W. Eucken).

variability Large maonero vakatsunga kugadzira muzvikoro zvakawanda uye anouya adzidze mitemo upfumi chokwadi.

zvinhu zvinotaurwa

Pane zvinotaurwa akawanda inokosha neoliberalism. Ivo kuona mamiriro kudzidzisa munharaunda iyi. Economic neoliberalism Rinoshandisa nheyo dzakadai kodzero uye rusununguko munhu, konstitutsializm, wakaenzana nhengo vose munzanga. The kuziva zvinokonzera kuti kukura zvoupfumi kwomurume chaiyo uye Entrepreneurship.

Kuzvidzora zviri mumusika upfumi kunofanira kubatsira centralized utariri zviito mumagakava bhora. Redistribution mari vanofanira kufungawo zvinodiwa murombo pakutanga. Kunosimbisa gutsaruzhinji.

Zvichienderana main Misimboti liberalism, neoliberalism akakwanisa kuchinja uye kupfeka nhamba itsva dzidziso uye kuitika kuri mune dzimwe gadziriro zvoupfumi (kusanganisira mugovanisi).

German Historical School

Muzana remakore rechi19 muGermany imwe chaiwo kuparadzira chikoro haana kugamuchira. Naizvozvo, kwakaonekwa nhoroondo kuitika, iyo yakavakirwa dzinoverengeka pfungwa. Vamiririri Its nharo kuti mitemo mukuru zvoupfumi kuti kugadzirwa nokuparadzirwa - ingano, uye anotsanangura kukura yakakodzera neoliberalism. Chikoro chiNazi liberalism mune mirayiridzo iyi vaifunga kuti upfumi sangano neimwe nyika inofanira kushanda maererano nemitemo yayo. Ivo rinotsanangura geography uye nhoroondo, tsika nemagariro, uye nyika netsika yacho.

Rinoti zvinhanho zvitatu kukura mirayiridzo iyi. Chokutanga yomusi 40-60 milla makore remakore rechi19. Izvi zvinonzi dzakaitika chikoro kare. Chechipiri danho chakavapo kubva 70s kusvika 90s remakore rechi19. Panguva iyi makaumba chikoro chitsva nhoroondo. Ipapo akasikwa ichangobva muitiro. In rechitatu remakore rechi20 rokutanga yakatanga Newest munhoroondo chikoro.

Nhoroondo chikoro kare

Iye nheyo chikoro kare Liszt, uyo akashora Chirungu Classics. Iye kunotsanangurwa dzinokosha pfungwa zvaizobatsira neoliberalism. School of neoliberalism, yakavakirwa pamusoro iyi, rakaramba dzinokosha maonero ake.

Social upfumi, maererano vatsigiri mirayiridzo iyi kunokwanisika kuburikidza kwakarongeka basa vanhu. Policy iyi nyaya kunofanira kubatana vazhinji uye kudzidzisa rudzi nemararamiro maindasitiri kukura. Nokuti Danho rimwe nerimwe okuwana ine chirongwa chayo chinofanira chinozoiswa, vachibvumira kusvika makirasi vose munzanga mukuru-pamwero.

Hurumende, maererano Liszt, anofanira kufukidza rudzi rwose, zvakamisa hurongwa iyo makirasi vane kuzvionera. Rinototi chikuru kuedza nomumwe Links mugwara kuti vabudirire-refu zvido munzanga.

New zvenhoroondo chikoro

Akanonoka mukuumba neoliberal pfungwa itsva ezvinhu. Germany panguva iyoyo kwatova seboka rakabatana rudzi, asi kunamatwa ehurumende uye nechisimba wokumwe mutemo manzwiro akacherekedza ichi nguva.

Mumwe chakajeka vamiririri chiNazi liberalism nguva akava G. Schmoller. Akataura kudiwa kudyidzana muitiro uyu nezvetsika, evanhu, nhoroondo uye sayenzi enyika.

In upfumi tsika Schmoller akataura zvinhu zvitatu webasa: udyire, magariro misimboti, rudo. Mashandiro anoita hurumende vamiririri vakaona maonero aya chokuita pamusoro dzidzo, utano, pamusoro pokumuka yomunyika ruzhinji ukama, vakwegura, vana uye vanhu vakaremara. L. Brentano akaisa mberi pfungwa kuchaitwa kusaruramisira pakati vashandi.

The tsva Nhoroondo chikoro

Enyika neoliberalism akasvika kunyanyisa mukurusa pre-hondo panguva. Werner Sombart mabasa ake Akasiyanisa "rudzi vatengesi" (Chirungu) "rudzi magamba" (German). Aidavira kuti ekupedzisira vane kodzero pakushandisa simba rechiuto kutora chekutanga kuti vawana pamusoro makore kukura wezvokutengeserana uye nemaindasitiri.

mirayiridzo iyi kwakakonzerwa kuHurumende basa initiator kuronga National zvoupfumi. Ikoko vakarerwa pfungwa vanachandagwinyira centralization simba uye mukirasi weboka vanhu kupinda makirasi. maonero aya vakashandiswa nevaNazi German uye vakava chinokosha mitemo yavo.

Panguva iyoyowo, Weber akakurudzira kuti funga zvoupfumi chokwadi tichienzanisa ayo muenzaniso akanaka. Nokufunga zvarakasiya kubva ichi, iye icho mwero kusawirirana. The chikuru dzematongerwe enyika neoliberalism, iyo yambokurukurwa panguva wechikoro German munhoroondo, vakaramba nedzimwe nzvimbo zvoupfumi pfungwa Somuenzaniso, muna American institutionalism uye ordoliberalizme.

Freiburg chikoro

Pahwaro pfungwa itsva nhoroondo chikoro yakatanga Freiburg School. It Anonziwo ordoliberalnoy. Zvisinei, kubvira pfungwa iyi maonero, neoliberalism - dzidziso iyi rinonyanya macroeconomic dzinotsanagura munzanga hazvitsigiri zvinotaurwa zvokuti munhu chaiyo inofanira kusimbiswa yose achishandisa kugadzirwa. Asi mamiriro tichitarisa chiNazi liberals nezvenguva vanofanira kupindira mune upfumi, ayo zvigadziriswe pakati Mubereko makwikwi.

Mumwe akakurumbira vamiririri mirayiridzo iyi yaiva W. Eucken. Akazotaura nezvemarudzi maviri zvoupfumi. Mune imwe koshesa centralized utariri, uye mune mamwe - voruzhinji. zvinhu izvi, muna zvaanofunga, inowanikwa ose ezvinhu. Chete mumwe zviratidzo iri akatonga zvakawanda.

Chicago uye neoavstriyskaya chikoro

By neoavstriyskoy chikoro vanogona maonero Economist Friedrich Hayek. Akakurukura maonero Adam Smith vakataura pamusoro kweupenyu makwikwi. Masayendisiti vanoti kwaita vaingoerekana hurongwa upfumi. Maererano naye, makwikwi tichibatsirwa mutengo kuchinja rinojekesa kumusika vechikamu pamusoro mikana anozaruka pamberi pavo.

Aidavira kuti misika zvigadziriswe vari chinozoiswa chavanoziva sangano. Saka, mashoko anofanira neakangwara pachena. Izvi zvichaita kuti vose pamusika masangano kuronga zvakanaka.

Chakajeka mumiririri Chicago kuchikoro Milton Friedman. Iye vakanamatira pfungwa yokuti mamiriro havafaniri kubvumirwa kudzora vhoriyamu okuwana, mitengo, basa uye upfumi zvisikwa. Zvinofanira chete waidzora padanho mari wechiGeorgian. Maererano nenyanzvi iyi, kuchinja mari romugove yekudyidzana kunokanganisa pamusika ezvinhu.

Milton Friedman vakati musika anogona zvose kubatsira evanhu kukura, uye kuzvidzivisa. Neoliberalism ari upfumi, tichitarisa yake, kunoita kuti kudzivisa akaipa kupindira nemapoka vaifarira vanhu. Pashure pezvose, musika ainakidzwa ose hurongwa. Musiyano chete iri uwandu simba kuti vatori vechikamu zvakasiyana.

Zvaakanga familiarized pamwe dzinokosha Dzidziso uye mirayiridzo hupfumi maonero nharaunda iyi, tinogona kugumisa kuti neoliberalism - kudavira hurongwa kuti inotaura chikuru Rinokurudzira ari kuzvidzora mumusika. The State dzinounzwa chete imwe chaiita basa.