Polygon nharaunda

Geometry vanogona kunyatsonzi imwe sayenzi mukuru, huchibva munguva Euclid.

Asi makore kupfuura 4000 apfuura, vaIjipiti vakaita nyore geometrical kuyerwa uye vakashandisa anongoda chete nzira kuti masayendisiti nhasi.

Residents Bhabhironi rekare akaita kuyerwa nyore geometric zvitarisiko vachishandisa mativi dzakabatana.

Standard nzvimbo kuyerwa kwenguva refu yaiva mativi - uye nokuonga zvose kuti nyore kuvakwa kwayo, kuenzana pamakona uye mativi.

Kunyange kare Kievan Rus, ichi chiyero asina kutorwa kwenguva refu. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti vokuRussia vekare vaishandisa yakasiyana mwero munyika nharaunda, iyo haana kuratidza nokuyerwa yakarurama uye vakanga zvachose zvechisimba. Somuenzaniso, dzemaitirwe kwemitero chiyereso kwenzvimbo akatora chimwe chakayerwa basa mikana, uye akaritumidza "mwero basa." Grasslands akayera haystacks - raiva chiyero "zvibereko". Sezvingatarisirwa, nezviyero zvose izvi kuzviitira uye zvemasanga, uyezve, mu-siyana ukuru dzimwe nguva regai aenzane nepedyo, izvo zvakakonzera yakawanda kuzvuzvungudza. Around kuguma remakore rechi14 muzvinyorwa yekare Russia anotanga shoko "chegumi". It vakagamuchira zita raro nokuti, kuti ndicho chegumi mativi akaenzana munhu maira.

izvi zvose chakanga chete aizviti divi rimwe rectangles uye nezvimwe zvokuridza. vaGiriki chete vaiziva sei kuwana nzvimbo imwe nguva polygon. Kunyange zvazvo shoko rokuti "nzvimbo" vari hatibati, uyewo nhamba isina kushandiswa kuona nzvimbo yacho polygon.

Mu "Zvinoumba" pakati Euclid akadzidza mubvunzo kuti kuchinja inofananidza wakaenzana saizi siyana, kumbotura polygon kuti mugove ndege rakatenderedzwa munhu namahwindo munyonga. Zvichienderana nokuti nzvimbo yacho chimiro isina kushandurwa kana akoromoka kupinda chinoumba kumativi uye akaronga pasina mharadzano, akakwanisa kumisa kuti nzvimbo yacho polygon zvinogona dzaona kuburikidza Achipfupikisa nzvimbo nenhamba idzi.

Zvakabuda basa rake zvino kwakapararira inoshanda kushandiswa Somuenzaniso, pakati vatenzi paakapa usina kukonekita. Nokuti nzvimbo yacho polygon vanoita rusvingo kunzwisisa configuration. Just nhamba usina kukonekita kushandiswa kwayo lining, uye nokuisa nzvimbo yavo kuwana quadrature porusvingo.

By squaring ari kunditsoropodza nharaunda yose geometric nenhamba. Chii zvose chinosanganisirwa tsanangudzo yacho? Kuti akariisa nyore, ndiko nhamba chinoratidza dzinoungana vangani chete chikamu nhamba. Ona kuti izvi haisi tsananguro, asi chete vakasununguka dudziro. The chikwata nzvimbo chinobviswa mativi ane divi akaenzana mumwe kuyerwa penguva. Kana iyi yakayerwa inoshandiswa meter, nharaunda, ukuwo, achaiswa akaverenga mu mativi metres, ari zvakafanana kunorondedzerwa, uye mativi sendimita, etc. Nzvimbo yose geometric zvitarisiko sezvo akayera kunoratidzwa nhamba ane zvakanaka ukoshi.

Kuti tizive nzvimbo yacho polygon, kunorondedzerwa yemaitiro rinoshandiswa uyewo nokupesana mukati Triangle vakaenzana. Kana polygon ane kunzwisisa chimiro, unogona kuedza rakatsemuka kuva vakaenzana zvidimbu, uye nokuwedzera navo nzvimbo kuverenga nzvimbo pakutanga yamunenge chimiro. Saizvozvowo convex polygon nzvimbo rinowanikwa.

The polygon zvinogona convex, kana mumwe anotevera ezvinhu kunozadziswa:

- nayo riri rimwe divi mutsetse unobva kuna pedyo vertices;

- polygon ndiye mharadzano kuti ndege anoverengeka.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munhu convex polygon anogona kugara kana nokunhivi dzayo dzose uye pamakona vakaenzana. Muenzaniso uyu nePentagon zvakaenzana mativi.

mumwe chete mhedziso: nzvimbo rakatikomba kana iwe kunyatsotarisa, rinoumbwa akasiyana geometric zvitarisiko, uye kuziva mitemo geometry uye kukwanisa kushandisa kuti aenderane zvakakwana kupinda hwedu.