Portland simende - chii? Brand, nokurondedzerwa

Chimwe ndicho mhando esimende nokuda kongiri wemisanganiswa - Portland. Ndizvo sei rinoshandiswa, chii ehupfumi ine, tarisa mibvunzo iyi uye zvakawanda pazasi.

mamiriro

Kana upi kuvaka zvinhu, yakakwirira zvinoda kuisa mberi kuti zvinoumba iyo kubudisa Portland simende. GOST 10178-85 "Portland ejecha gang" anoita murwiyo uye unhu zvokubikisa ichi mhando bhainda:

• Cement clinker ane gobvu chakapatsanurwa kubva nesilicon oxide haasi kupfuura 5%.
• Varinamire maererano GOST 4013-82. Hupo phosphorus yeimwe, Boron uye fluorine mune mari kwete zvinopesana mureza mapepa.
• Mineral zvokuwedzera chaiwo ehupfumi vanoenderana pakusikwa wemisanganiswa yacho achida mhando.

Zvese zvinokuyiwa pamwe kusvikira pachaenzaniswa.

For akasiyana siyana Portland simende zvinogona kushandiswa siyana zvinoriumba, idzo kusangomanikidzira zvimwe zvekushandisa zvinodiwa nachiremba kushanyirwa.

In miti apo kugadzirwa rinoitwa, zvinoriumba zvose zvakaitika runodiwa nemiedzo kuti abvume, kwatakagoverwa zvakajeka kusika yakaoma uye kushanda wemisanganiswa.

Portland simende kugadzirwa ne Standard wayo rokuti inosanganisira kavha uye ari mubhokisi mapepa. Kana pasina, ipapo chigadzirwa iri kugadzirwa maererano TU, zvivako zvayo zvingasiyana avo kazhinji kugamuchirwa.

kugadzirwa

Kuti tinzwisise, Portland - zvinokosha kufunga nedanho kugadzirwa kwayo, chine mumatanho akawanda:

1. Yematombo kuchera greenish kana tsvuku. It nhema ari kudzika 10 metres akaturikidzana vanobviswa pamusana rakavhurika gomba ayo muvhu Geological kukura.
2. Preparation. zvinhu First akanga pasi chikuru nokuomesa nokurumanya kushandisa dzimwe yokuvirisa kuwana combustible musanganiswa. Kuti uzive kuti kukura vanobudisa chikamu nouipi rine astringent, chete kutarisa Kunyora: PC400 D20 chinayo munhu Vhoriyamu 20% improvers uye PTS500 D0 haana navo zvachose. Pashure pokuiswa nokugeda musanganiswa yakanga calcined mune chaiyo yamavira simba. Sezvo samende clinker inotengwa - chikuru chezvinonhuwira Portland simende.
3. Okugadziridza. Panguva iyi, iyo clinker yapera uye zvakohwewa kuva vachishanda chakapatsanurwa pamwe reraimu uye anokosha yokuvirisa nechimwe mhando Portland simende. Next, musanganiswa yazara kupinda Mabhokisi pa 30, 40, 50 makirogiramu uye akatumira yokuvakira dzokuchengetera, muzvitoro.

kugadzira zvinhu

Ose Portland simende (PC) wakaumbwa Kwakashandiswa micheka, nevakawanda wemafuta vose ndiyo chete esimende clinker. The yasara zvinoriumba vangava dzakasiyana ehupfumi: mwando nemishonga, chicherwa tigutsikane. Kupiwa izvi zvinhu, hazvibviri kubata mhando dzose dziri imwe nzira, saka pane nzira dzakawanda kushandisa danho rechipiri kugadzirwa:

• The akanyorova nzira kunosanganisira nokugeda zvinoriumba mumvura. Saka kuita chalky nevhu uye nesimbi zvokuwedzera. Kwavari, pane mitemo mwando: ivhu - 20%, choko - 29%. The zvichiguma emulsion pashure kubudiswa ane mwando zviri 50% uye sezvo vakadaro rwunotumirwa yezvidhinha. Panguva kupisa kurapwa clinker vakaumba marozari kuti vari dzakwidzwa milled kupinda rakapera bhainda.
• The yakaoma muitiro hazvirevi kuti humidification mbishi zvinhu: inopinda vira kuti dziome. Mari esimende anobudiswa nenzira iyi vari kudzika nekuti havadi zvinoda simba kuti kuomesa.
• Combined nzira rinobatanidza dzanyorova uye yakaoma. The slurry (mbishi muvhenganiswa) wakuyiwa mumvura. Uyezve, kushandisa Sefa kurasa imwe hombe yakawanda mwando ari yezvidhinha iri yaipiwa pamwe musanganiswa kusvika 18% unyoro.

ehupfumi

Sezvambotaurwa, chesamende anotora rimwe unhu kana rinowedzera yakati Portland simende. Zvinoitwa nomumwe wavo nevamwe, asi pane chinowanzokonzera parameters zvose:

• Mhedziso arambe achirema ari kuwanda 3050-3150 makirogiramu / m ^3, unorema nokuti mifananidzo siyana HRC achasiyana.
• Portland simende fineness kuti pakutsvaga nesefa permeability №008 upfu kwete asingasviki 85%.
• The dzakananga kukura pemvura pashure dropout 2500-3000 masendimita ² / g.
• Kuronga nguva: pakutanga - maminitsi 45, mugumo - maawa 12. Akayera pamwero Vita.

Mukurumari kunoyerwa bvunzo specimens pamwe kukura 4h4h16 cm akaita esimende-jecha mhinduro iri nhamba 1: 3 ne nhamba nemvura zvinosimbisa 0,4, pashure pemazuva 28 nokuomesa. Agadzirira prism iri pasi vachikotama uye compression Nokufunga kukosha kwavo uye nhengo mavanga.

mhando

Zvichienderana mhando Portland simende vakashandisa yokuvirisa vangava mhando akawanda:

• mangwanani simba;
• sulfate;
• hydrophobic;
• plasticized;
• usinganyanyi exotherm;
• gang;
• acid;
• alumina;
• chena uye ruvara;
• pozzolan.

Mumwe mhando anopa kongiri misa zvimwe zvivako zvakafanira kuti kushandiswa mune imwe nzvimbo kana nharaunda.

Pts rine yakawanda calcium yeimwe uye anokwanisa nokukurumidza kuvaka simba panguva solidification.

Sulfate Portland simende rinoumbwa yokuvirisa kuti vawedzere chesamende kuramba nehasha makemikoro.

Hydrophobic mhando bhainda rine yokuvirisa kuti pave kunonoka kwemvura mvura inoita kushandiswa kwayo noitika munzvimbo dzisinganayi dzoga, apo zvakakodzera zvishoma nezvishoma koukukutu pabwe pasina kurasikirwa simba.

Plasticized maonero bhainda inputted kupinda chesamende kunovhengana, kunowedzera ayo plasticity uye workability.

Portland simende ane mwero exotherm panguva hydration allocates pazera shoma kupisa.

Gang rinoumbwa kwebhosvo muvira gang, izvo yekudyidzana zvinoderedza mutengo wayo.

Acid HRC rinoumbwa yakaisvonaka Goldstone jecha uye yavaibvisa fluorosilicate, husingakwanisi zvechisimba namakemikari runyararo;

Portland simende, aluminous rine yakakwirira Kuwanda aruminiyamu oxide, unokurudzira nokukurumidza nokuomesa.

PC zvabatsira pozzolanic chicherwa yokuvirisa pakati kuputika uye sedimentary mavambo (kusvika 40% of zvachose uremu). Ivo kuwedzera mvura nemishonga uye regai kuumba efflorescence pamusoro pechiso rakapera kongiri.

White uye mavara mhando binders zvinosanganisira siyana simbi yeimwe inogona kupendwa mune imwe ruvara amabwe.

Kupatsanura nesimba

On muchiso Portland akaparadzaniswa pahwaro basa indekisi raro - simba chaicho munguva axial compression sezvikamu ivhu makore mazuva 28. Nokudaro, mutsauko mucherechedzo 400, 500, 550, 600.

Chero mhando Portland simende giredhi 400 chinoshandiswa kuumba zvakafanana uye mwero mazano kuti havatamburi wakawedzera mupfungwa.

Yepamusoro tsika inoratidza zviri zvikuru anodhura, kushandisa kwavo dzinonetsa hurongwa uye yenhengo dzavo.

kunyoresa

Portland simende - chii ichocho? Uyu nani chimiro nekongiri bhainda. Saizvozvowo, zvichienderana norudzi filler ane ibwe kana zvimwe kunowedzera unhu. Somuenzaniso, mukuru-mangwanani Portland kuumba 500 uye 600 ane mukuru mwero wokuomeswa, nokuti kuwedzera kongiri uye nokuda pagadzirwe hombe hurongwa dzaitungamirira zvose pachivande uye pamusoro-pasi hurongwa. Uyewo rinowanzoshandiswa zviitiko apo pane kudikanwa nokukurumidza okurapa Somuenzaniso, nokuti kudira nheyo formwork.

Rakajairika ndiye Portland simende 400. Zviri nokudenga fomu: kusika monolithic uye Precast zvinhu pamwe dzakakwirira zvinodiwa simba, kunyange asina yekudyidzana muduku maitiro PTS500, asi ane mari yakaderera.

Sulfate maonero bhainda akashandiswa gadziriro wemisanganiswa kuti vanobatanidzwa pakusika pasi pemvura hurongwa. Ndivo zvikuru kubatwa inokuvadza Migumisiro hasha sulphate mvura.

300-600 plasticized Portland simende yekudyidzana anovandudza mapurasitiki ehupfumi chemhinduro, simba raro unhu, saka rinoponesa 5.8% kubva bhainda, kufananidzwa kwakajairika esimende.

Special mhando HRC kashoma kushandiswa kuvaka duku sechipiriso mbishi acho ane kukosha kukuru, uye mumwe nomumwe munzira anoziva pamusoro chimiro ichi yezviri fuma. Portland cements inowanzoshandiswa nokuda kongiri mixes akashandiswa guru uye rinokosha zvinhu.

Kana hazvina zvakakodzera kushandisa

Portland simende - basa zvinoriumba iyo anomupa kongiri chaiwo ehupfumi. Asi hapana rwayo haafaniri kushandiswa zvakasimba inoyerera munzizi, ari munyu mumvura, mvura rurefu chicherwa kugutsikana. Sulfate kuona zvinhu izvi hazvigoni kurarama mabasa ayo, rakagadzirirwa kushanda kunofambira mberi unozvidzora mumvura. For madhamu midziyo, madhamu uye hydraulic zvivako, izvo vashumire kumanikidza anosvikirwa ari aqueous kushandiswa chaiyo marudzi cements.

How kusarudza uye kutenga

Buy anofanira kunzwisiswa kana iwe, Portland - chii? Wokutanga bhainda chokusika kongiri. Sezvazviri zvavo simende, inotengeswa iri nokuzadza muhomwe, paper back kg 50, dzimwe nguva 30, 40.

Kana uchisarudza Fungisisa kupenda pamusoro pasuru. Kunge iine mhando (Portland esimende, gang uye zvakafanana. D.), Compliance pamwe GOST kana W, uwandu chicherwa yokuvirisa. Unofanirawo kuteerera musi gadzira: yakachena zvokudya, nani unhu kwayo.

Vachikanganisa rinokosha simende dzinogona zvose vanogadzira Resellers. Chete kugadzira michina hazvirevi huchinje mutengo. Naizvozvo, sarudza mashoko ari chirimwa, riri kuvimbana, iro rine yakanakisisa mukurumbira.

How zvikuru Portland? Mutengo rinofarirwa kupfuura P 400 makirogiramu 50 chete muhomwe rinotanga kubva 200 rubles PTS500 (makirogiramu 50.) - 230 rubles. It sokuti musiyano muduku, asi kuti asike mazano zvinoda yakawanda musanganiswa, iyo inobva bhainda. Somugumisiro chikanganiso pakusarudzwa aigona arasikirwe rebei sendi.