Portrait Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana uye vanhu

Portrait - mumwe Genre yakaisvonaka Arts, akatakura pachako rakasiyana nemamwe zviri munhu. Nokuti nyanzvi yokudhirowa pfungwa inokosha - kuratidza kwete pachena zvakafanana kuti mhenyu womuenzaniso, asiwo kuzarura nyika chomukati wacho munhu, mweya wake. Izvi anosiyana asian Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana.

Chete portraitist unyanzvi pasi simba kuratidza unhu uye kunetsa wokuenzanisira, wake manzwiro panguva. Zvinokosha mufananidzo vari zvose - the panze womuenzaniso, zvipfeko, background runyararo, uye zvimwewo. Vopa yokudhirowa mukana wokuratidza uyewo chinzvimbo mufananidzo uye kuwedzera ruvara dzakaitika panguva iyoyo.

Kushanduka mufananidzo Genre

Panguva ino, dzakanaka hwemashiripiti vakaunganidza guru muunganidzwa yomufananidzo zvifananidzo, kusanganisira nhaka vatenzi akawanda kare uye chipo, kuratidza mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Message pachishandiswa navo mubasa ravo, zvakanakisisa kudhirowa mufananidzo nguva iyo aigara uye aishanda portraitists. In ose nguva aiva yayo zvinangwa yorunako, hunodzorwa akasiyana zvitaera, kuchinja zvinodiwa asian mifananidzo. Kuti vabate, chitoro uye kuratidza zvizvarwa chiso mufananidzo, kuti vaimbi vaishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Govera sculptural Portraits, hwakajeka uye zvokufananidzira, iyo inosimbisa pakawanda, ine mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Pictures ane chiso chomunhu zvingashandawo kuitwa unconventionally uye kuti Tile, nezvakarukwa, Appliques, etc ...

Mabviro mufananidzo

Yokutanga Portraits ruoko-wakavhomorwa ndeyemunguva vekare. Madzitateguru avo anogona kunzi kuwanikwa Fayum Portraits, ainzi nokuti nzvimbo yaro (muEgipita oasis pamusoro Fayoum). Pamifananidzo, vakawana Pavaichera mumatongo yamambo muKrete, kuchengeteka akatibudisa yakaisvonaka zviri vakadzi vaduku. Kunyange zvazvo mufananidzo waiva sketchy chaizvo, murals mashoko anogona kunzi yechokwadi "protoportretami".

Yokutanga Portraits vapenyu, umo munhu zviri munhu, basa vemifananidzo muGirisi yekare, Ijipiti neRoma zvakave, vakakwanisa kupa zvizere Portrait Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Portraits aya sculpted uye hunotaurwa anozivikanwa panguva vadetembi nevafungi, vaiva vabati.

Greece yekare

Kuti mufananidzo womunhu yavatenzi Greek yekare vakatendeukira zvekare nguva. Zvekare iwe nevanhu yakanaka murume, akanaka pamuviri uye mweya. mufananidzo uyu anotarira zvinoshamisa vanhu vanoshanda, zvachose kuine akafanana.

Mune ramangwana, mifananidzo kuva yakaoma, tenzi kuzivisisa vanovavarira kusika Portraits. Hellenistic Nguva yakanga nguva kuteerera murume, manzwiro ake. The chivezwa akauya dynamism uye expressiveness. Created yakanyungudutswa akachengetedzwa womunhu akakwana, asi akatsvaka asian. Antique vavezi vemabwe sculpted zvikurukuru busts, asi pakanga mifananidzo hwenguva urefu, iyo akatasva zviri. akawandisa sculptural Portraits vakasikwa akasiyana zvinhu: machena, ndarira, sirivha, nendarama, uye nyanga dzenzou.

Rome yekare

State zvido vakanga pamwe vaRoma pamwe kuteerera murume, unhu hwake. Artists Nokuverenga pamusoro Rights uye Mabasa Man, dzomunyika rusununguko nenyota rusununguko. It anosarudza kukura wechokwadi sculptural asian. Romans wairatidza akapfeka akangwara mbatya - toga, nekuti mufananidzo akaitirwa kupemberera nevaitonga siyana. mifananidzo Early anobudisa simba uye kushinga hunhu anoramba mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Development veRoma chivezwa vakabatsira yekare tsika kuita Masiki rufu.

Muhafu yechipiri yezana II muna. asian Roman zvasvika Parainge. Vavezi vemabwe vava kuteerera kwete chete kune kumbofanana pamwe womuenzaniso, asi pamusoro Kuziviswa dzakamurapa chepfungwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti achinje pane mufananidzo michina ziso - kutsiva inlays uye coloring mitoo kuuya epurasitiki. Portraitists nguva vanowanzotanga rakarurama kupfuura kupararira zvakasikwa, nudity zvikuru unhu husina.

Middle Ages: Jan Van Eyck

Yakazvimirira Genre ounyanzvi asian rakatanga kuMiddle Ages. Flemish Jan Van Eyck aiva mumwe okutanga Artists izvo mvumo mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Message akavasiya neimwe kupenda basa, vakasvika vazukuru hapana kupfuura mune mabasa evanyori uye vadetembi. Yaiva Jan Van Eyck akaita mufananidzo imwe yoga Genre. Maererano nengano, aivawo munyori mafuta kupenda unyanzvi. Mumwe mabasa motokari Eyck raMwari rinonzi Ghent Altarpiece wokutanga aiva mufananidzo. Pakati vatambi ikoko uye vatengi kushanda - vanonzi donator (vaipa) vanhu kuti vape mari nokuda Resettlement yechechi. Tsika nziyo dzechitendero zvinosanganisira chiso kupenda vatengi dzaiwanika munguva yeMiddle Ages. The Artist hazvirevi chete zvinosanganisira donators mukufambisira Zvinoumba zvigadzirwa, uye zvinangwa kuratidza vatambi vavo.

Renaissance

Mune Renaissance, mufananidzo akava wokutanga akazvimirira Genres kuti kupenda. Dzinowanikwa chechipiri kota XV remakore., It nokukurumidza akava akakurumbira. The chikuru basa mufananidzo kwaiva kuratidzwa unhu hunonyanya wepanguva. Artists kwete vanoratidzwa wakazvipira uye vakaderera donators - vatambi vavo vava vakasununguka chiso, kwete chete zvakakwana akapa, asi kugonawo zvikuru zviito.

Germany: Albrecht Dürer

Mabasa painter uye hwakajeka Artist akava mupiro zvikuru kukura mufananidzo Genre. Portraits Dürer akasiyanisa nezvokubudirira rakasiyana munhu akazvimiririra ari muenzaniso. Magamba avo - akasimba, akangwara, azere chiremera, simba uye nesimba. Self-asian Dürer akapa vainyatsotarisirwa, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva kujairika chakajairika, akatsvaka kuti awane mumwe maitiro kusiyanisa mumwe munhu kubva neimwe.

Italy: Leonardo da Vinci

Iye aiva shasha painter, hwakajeka yokudhirowa, muvambi, musayendisiti, injiniya uye kunyange muimbi. Ake "Mona Lisa" ( "La Gioconda") - yakakurumbira kupenda munyika. The nzvimbo mu asian ichi - kwete chete necheseri. Mukadzi uye nehunhu batanidza kuva rose zvinopindirana. The Artist sokuti nechido kuratidza nyika yevanhu yokuva sezvo guru uye zvisinganzwisisiki, sezvo yakapoteredza hunhu vanhu. Leonardo da Vinci akakwanisa immortalize mabasa ake, mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana uye vanhu.

Spain: Francisco Goya

Spanish painter Francisco Goya akazivikanwa senzvimbo nemunyori Portraits uye zvinyorwa ostrosotsialnyh. ake mabasa ose dzinoratidzwa vaneshungu zvemberi uye umbirimi unhu. Goya aifarira kunyora vakadzi - vakanaka uye kwete kwazvo revatongi uye navarandakadzi. Kunyange pashure pokuva kufarira wevatongi, dare painter, Goya vaifarira vanyore dzomumaguta murombo.

England Thomas Lawrence

Mufananidzo waiva soro budiriro yose Chirungu kupenda panguva panosangana XVIII-XIX emakore. Tomas Lorens aiva wokutanga Chirungu-anozivikanwa asian rokupenda. Zvinoshamisa uye virtuoso unyanzvi kuti aurayiwe Lawrence ZVAKAITIKA atakure rupawo ari kudanana chikomo. The Artist akateerera zvikuru chakagadziridzwa mitsara, kupfuma mavara, sitiroko ushingi. Lawrence akanyora Portraits ose actresses uye vokubhengi, vana nevakwegura, majaya nemhandara. Akanzwisisa kudzika uye kukosha nyaya iyi, sezvo mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Album pamwe reproductions nemabasa Lawrence yakabudiswa mubhuku chimiro uye vakatengesa zviuru makopi yose.

France Ogyust Renuar

Mune ezana XIX remakore rokutanga. nzvimbo inokosha kupenda French rwaigara vadzidzi uye vateveri David. basa ravo resonated nokuchiva vanhu nguva rokutonga Napoleon. Classicism kuti vokunda panguva iyi mifananidzo, inonzi "Empire" - Style umambo. Izvi manyorero "dzvuku mutsetse" wakabaya mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana.

Ogyust Renuar haana pfungwa emifananidzo ake pasina munhu, uye mufananidzo - iri mamiriro rinokosha. Pakati pezana remakore 1870s. asian akava chikuru Genre ari mufananidzo kubudikidza Renoir. Mumakore achangopfuura iye akatanga kushanda pakusikwa Portraits vana: vana akanyora ari mukati, zvakasikwa. Iye nokutendeka kuburitswa porcelain ganda rake vaduku yokutevedzera, akajeka uye akazaruka kuzvicherekedza silky bvudzi, naka nguo. Renoir rinochinjwa chose uye akawedzera kuti mufananidzo Genre iri tsika dzakasiyana. Photos mabasa nokuda Artist ichi chikuru chinogona kuonekwa mabhuku akawanda tsika uye nounyanzvi.

Russia

Portrait Genre akaonekwa Russia gare gare pane mu Europe (XVIII c.), Uye ari munzira dzakawanda rakafanana icon. Tanga wokuRussia portraiture chokuita mazita vemifananidzo akadai Nikitin, Matveev, Antropov, Argunov.

Tenzi yomufananidzo uye Genre kupenda raiva Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin. Pamabasa ake, iye aigara akapa akadekara asi chechokwadi chaizvo noruzhinji rwevanhu. Tropinin akapotsa akava mukuru portraitist kuMoscow.

Alexei Venetsianov hunzi muvambi Genre mune Russian unyanzvi. Akatanga akasika maberere mifananidzo murimi mudiki - chokwadi, asi kwete pasina imwe yakawanda idealization uye tsitsi.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov akanyora vazhinji wevakadzidza Portraits, azadzwa nekuchiva worunako kwevanhu, kuti mufaro wokuva. Vamwe yakanakisisa Portraits panguva ino zvinosanganisira "The Rider", mufananidzo Samoilova, perovskite. Bryullov unoitisa nyika chaiyo yorunako, mufaro, rugare, mufaro paupwere.

nguva itsva

New nguva wakamutsira mafungiro matsva unyanzvi. It kare haana vashongedze, havafaniri "kuva akanaka." Portrait kare hwaivapo sokunge munzira mbiri (the akarayira uye Research) hunowedzera homogeneous. Zvino zviri kunyanya zvokutenga Genre, achipa yokudhirowa muhoro, pane mukana wokuratidza pachavo. Nokuti mashoko muuki rava kuramba kusarudza vamwe Genres.

Art Nouveau, yakabuda pakutanga kwezana XIX-XX emakore., Akadzoka koshitomu uye basa Portraits. Kuratidza hunhu muenzaniso, yokudhirowa anosarudza anotaurisa zvokupfeka, omukati uye kunyange iine zvakafananidzirwa XVIII remakore. Yakanga isiri kudzokera yakapfuura, mapofu kutevedzera, uye kuti mutambo mhando, zvakakomba uye anosetsa panguva imwecheteyo.

mhedziso

Portrait ichiriko nanhasi, kunyange, zvino sezvo vasati muEurope, zviri kuramba ava vakanyorwa Genre. Zvichida ichi ndicho dzinongoitika Danho kwaro kukura. Zvisinei, kuramba tsika, chinhu chinokosha munhau gwaro, izvo zvichaita kutakura kuvazukuru kuyeuka zera redu.